log4j

Posted zhoujian43

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一、log4j  

  日志是应用软件中不可缺少的部分,Apache开源的log4j是一个功能强大的日志组件,提供了方便的日志记录功能。

  下载地址:http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j

  (一) 配置文件

    Logger类:完成日志记录,设置日志优先级

      OFF(关闭)、FATAL(严重)、ERROR(错误)、WARN(警告)、INFO(信息)、DEBUG(调试)、ALL(所有)、或者自己定义级别

      log4j.rootLogger=${logger.level},RUNTIME

      log4j.logger.INTERFACE=${logger.level},INTERFACE

      log4j.additivity.INTERFACE=false  #是否继承父Logger的输出源,默认继承

 

    Appender类决定日志去向,终端、DB、硬盘

      log4j.appender.appenderName = org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender

      org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender #控制台

      org.apache.log4j.FileAppender #文件

      org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender #每天产生一个日志文件

      org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender #文件大小到达指定尺寸的时候产生一个新的文件

      org.apache.log4j.WriterAppender #将日志信息以流格式发送到任意指定的地方

 

    Layout类:决定日志输出格式,例如包含当前线程、行号、时间

      log4j.appender.appenderName.layout = fully.qualified.name.of.layout.class

      org.apache.log4j.htmlLayout #以HTML表格形式布局

      org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout #可以灵活地指定布局模式

      org.apache.log4j.SimpleLayout #包含日志信息的级别和信息字符串

      org.apache.log4j.TTCCLayout #包含日志产生的时间、线程、类别等等信息

      

 

  (二) java代码

    1. 日志记录器

public static Logger getLogger(String name);
//Logger.getLogger ( ServerWithLog4j.class.getName () )
//LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass())
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger("INTERFACE");

 

    2. 读取配置文件

//当获取了日志记录器后,第二步读取配置文件
BasicConfigurator.configure()//自动快速地使用缺省Log4j环境。  
PropertyConfigurator.configure(String configFilename)//读取properties配置文件。  
DOMConfigurator.configure(String filename)//读取XML形式的配置文件。

 

    3. 插入记录信息

//当完成以上两个步骤后,就可以使用不同优先级的日志记录语句插入到输出源
Logger.debug (Object message);
Logger.info (Object message);  
Logger.warn (Object message);  
Logger.error (Object message);

 

 

二、log4j.properties

### 设置###
log4j.rootLogger = debug,stdout,D,E

### 输出信息到控制抬 ###
log4j.appender.stdout = org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.Target = System.out
log4j.appender.stdout.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern = [%-5p] %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS} method:%l%n%m%n

### 输出DEBUG 级别以上的日志到=E://logs/error.log ###
log4j.appender.D = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.D.File = E://logs/log.log
log4j.appender.D.Append = true
log4j.appender.D.Threshold = DEBUG 
log4j.appender.D.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.D.layout.ConversionPattern = %-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}  [ %t:%r ] - [ %p ]  %m%n

### 输出ERROR 级别以上的日志到=E://logs/error.log ###
log4j.appender.E = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.E.File =E://logs/error.log 
log4j.appender.E.Append = true
log4j.appender.E.Threshold = ERROR 
log4j.appender.E.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.E.layout.ConversionPattern = %-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}  [ %t:%r ] - [ %p ]  %m%n

 

三、java工程

  1. 导入log4的jar包

  2. log4j.properties

  3. java代码中记录日志

public class Test {

    //日志记录器
    private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(Test.class);  

    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        // 记录debug级别的信息  
        logger.debug("This is debug message.");  
        // 记录info级别的信息  
        logger.info("This is info message.");  
        // 记录error级别的信息  
        logger.error("This is error message.");  
    }  
}

  4. 输出结果

    首先是控制台的信息

    

    再来看输出文件的日志

    

 

 

  

四、web工程

  在J2EE应用中使用log4j,必须先在启动服务时加载log4j的配置文件进行初始化,可以在web.xml中进行配置。

  1.  导入log4j的jar

  2.  log4j.properties

  3.  web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee  
    http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"  
    id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">  
    <display-name>LogLearning</display-name>  

    <servlet>  
        <servlet-name>Log4JTestServlet</servlet-name>  
        <servlet-class>com.mucfc.Log4JTestServlet</servlet-class>  
    </servlet>  

    <!--用来启动 log4jConfigLocation的servlet -->  
    <servlet>  
        <servlet-name>Log4JInitServlet</servlet-name>  
        <servlet-class>com.mucfc.Log4JInitServlet</servlet-class>  
        <init-param>  
            <param-name>log4j-properties-location</param-name>  
            <param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/log4j.properties</param-value>  
        </init-param>  
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>  
    </servlet>  

    <servlet-mapping>  
        <servlet-name>Log4JTestServlet</servlet-name>  
        <url-pattern>/test</url-pattern>  
    </servlet-mapping>  
</web-app>

 

  4. 初始化servlet

//web容器一来就初始化的Log4jInitServlet.java
@WebServlet("/Log4JInitServlet")  
public class Log4JInitServlet extends HttpServlet {  
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;  

    /** 
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet() 
     */  
    public Log4JInitServlet() {  
        super();  
    }  

    /** 
     * @see Servlet#init(ServletConfig) 
     */  
    public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {  
        System.out.println("Log4JInitServlet 正在初始化 log4j日志设置信息");  
        String log4jLocation = config.getInitParameter("log4j-properties-location");  

        ServletContext sc = config.getServletContext();  

        if (log4jLocation == null) {  
            System.err.println("没有 log4j-properties初始化的文件, 所以使用 BasicConfigurator初始化");  
            BasicConfigurator.configure();  
        } else {  
            String webAppPath = sc.getRealPath("/");  
            String log4jProp = webAppPath + log4jLocation;  
            File yoMamaYesThisSaysYoMama = new File(log4jProp);  
            if (yoMamaYesThisSaysYoMama.exists()) {  
                System.out.println("使用: " + log4jProp+"初始化日志设置信息");  
                PropertyConfigurator.configure(log4jProp);  
            } else {  
                System.err.println("*** " + log4jProp + " 文件没有找到, 所以使用 BasicConfigurator初始化");  
                BasicConfigurator.configure();  
            }  
        }  
        super.init(config);  
    }  

    /** 
     * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 
     */  
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {  
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub  
    }  

    /** 
     * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 
     */  
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {  
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub  
    }  

}

 

  5.  调用日志

//调用日志Log4JTestServlet,java
/** 
 * Servlet implementation class Log4JTestServlet 
 */  
@WebServlet("/Log4JTestServlet")  
public class Log4JTestServlet extends HttpServlet {  
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;  
    private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(Log4JTestServlet.class);    

    /** 
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet() 
     */  
    public Log4JTestServlet() {  
        super();  
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub  
    }  

    /** 
     * @see Servlet#init(ServletConfig) 
     */  
    public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {  
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub  
    }  

    /** 
     * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 
     */  
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {  
        // 记录debug级别的信息    
        logger.debug("This is debug message.");    
        // 记录info级别的信息    
        logger.info("This is info message.");    
        // 记录error级别的信息    
        logger.error("This is error message.");    
    }  

    /** 
     * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 
     */  
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {  
        doGet(request,response);  
    }  

}

 

 

五、spring工程

  日志跟随spring启动而启动

  1. web + spring工程

    使用spring启动来初始化log4j配置

  2. log4j.properties

  3. web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"  
    id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">  
    <display-name>LogLearning</display-name>  

    <servlet>  
        <servlet-name>Log4JTestServlet</servlet-name>  
        <servlet-class>com.mucfc.Log4JTestServlet</servlet-class>  
    </servlet>  

    <!--用来启动 log4jConfigLocation的servlet -->  <!--     <servlet>  
        <servlet-name>Log4JInitServlet</servlet-name>  
        <servlet-class>com.mucfc.Log4JInitServlet</servlet-class>  
        <init-param>  
            <param-name>log4j-properties-location</param-name>  
            <param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/log4j.properties</param-value>  
        </init-param>  
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>  
    </servlet>-->  

    <servlet-mapping>  
        <servlet-name>Log4JTestServlet</servlet-name>  
        <url-pattern>/test</url-pattern>  
    </servlet-mapping>   

        <!-- Spring 容器加载 -->  
    <listener>  
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>  
    </listener>  
    <context-param>  
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>  
    </context-param>   

    <!-- 设置根目录 -->  
    <context-param>    
        <param-name>webAppRootKey</param-name>    
        <param-value>webapp.root</param-value>    
    </context-param>    

    <context-param>  
        <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name>  
        <param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/log4j.properties</param-value>  
    </context-param>  
    <!-- 3000表示 开一条watchdog线程每60秒扫描一下配置文件的变化;这样便于日志存放位置的改变 -->  
    <context-param>    
         <param-name>log4jRefreshInterval</param-name>    
         <param-value>3000</param-value>    
    </context-param>   
    <listener>  
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class>  
    </listener>   
</web-app>

 

  4. applicationContext.xml

  

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd">  
</beans>

 

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