Xtrabackup的“流”及“备份压缩”功能
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Xtrabackup对备份的数据文件支持“流”功能，即可以将备份的数据通过STDOUT传输给tar程序进行归档，而不是默认的直接保存至某备份目录中。要使用此功能，仅需要使用--stream选项即可。如：
# innobackupex --stream=tar /backup | gzip > /backup/`date +%F_%H-%M-%S`.tar.gz
[[email protected] opt]# innobackupex --stream=tar --user=backup --password=pancou /hotbackup/full/|gzip > /opt/full`date +%F_%H-%M-%S`.tar.gz
... ...
170428 13:40:24 Executing UNLOCK TABLES
170428 13:40:24 All tables unlocked
170428 13:40:24 Backup created in directory ‘/hotbackup/full/‘
mysql binlog position: filename ‘mysql-bin.000001‘, position ‘313‘, GTID of the last change ‘‘
170428 13:40:24 [00] Streaming backup-my.cnf
170428 13:40:24 [00] ...done
170428 13:40:24 [00] Streaming xtrabackup_info
170428 13:40:24 [00] ...done
xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (21898933) to (21898933) was copied.
170428 13:40:24 completed OK!
甚至也可以使用类似如下命令将数据备份至其它服务器：
# innobackupex --stream=tar /backup | ssh [email protected] "cat - > /backups/`date +%F_%H-%M-%S`.tar"
---------------------------------使用xbstream流备份：
[[email protected] ~]# innobackupex --stream=xbstream --user=backup --password=pancou /hotbackup/full/ > /tmp/full_`date +%F_%H-%M-%S`.xbs
170510 12:08:14 innobackupex: Starting the backup operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
.... ......
170510 12:08:18 Executing UNLOCK TABLES
170510 12:08:18 All tables unlocked
170510 12:08:18 Backup created in directory ‘/hotbackup/full/‘
MySQL binlog position: filename ‘mysql-bin.000005‘, position ‘339748‘, GTID of the last change ‘0-2-960‘
170510 12:08:18 [00] Streaming backup-my.cnf
170510 12:08:18 [00] ...done
170510 12:08:18 [00] Streaming xtrabackup_info
170510 12:08:18 [00] ...done
xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (23216778) to (23216778) was copied.
170510 12:08:18 completed OK!
[[email protected] ~]# ls /tmp/
backup full_2017-05-10_12-08-14.xbs hsperfdata_nexus keyring-KtDQQF keyring-u5nHlu mysql percona-version-check sakila.sql
还原流归档
[[email protected] ~]# xbstream -xv -C /tmp/backup/ </tmp/full_2017-05-10_12-08-14.xbs
ibdata1
pancou/rpel_table.ibd
mysql/innodb_table_stats.ibd
mysql/gtid_slave_pos.ibd
....
[[email protected] ~]# ls /tmp/backup/
backup-my.cnf mysql percona sakila testdb xtrabackup_checkpoints xtrabackup_logfile
ibdata1 pancou performance_schema test xtrabackup_binlog_info xtrabackup_info
------------------------------------------使用流压缩:
[[email protected] ~]# innobackupex --stream=xbstream --compress --user=backup --password=pancou /hotbackup/full/ > /tmp/full_`date +%F_%H-%M-%S`.xbs
170510 12:16:51 Executing UNLOCK TABLES
170510 12:16:51 All tables unlocked
170510 12:16:51 Backup created in directory ‘/hotbackup/full/‘
MySQL binlog position: filename ‘mysql-bin.000005‘, position ‘339748‘, GTID of the last change ‘0-2-960‘
170510 12:16:51 [00] Compressing and streaming backup-my.cnf
170510 12:16:51 [00] ...done
170510 12:16:51 [00] Compressing and streaming xtrabackup_info
170510 12:16:51 [00] ...done
xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (23216778) to (23216778) was copied.
170510 12:16:51 completed OK!
[[email protected] ~]# ll -h /tmp/
total 110M
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4.0K May 10 12:09 backup
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 102M May 10 12:08 full_2017-05-10_12-08-14.xbs
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.8M May 10 12:16 full_2017-05-10_12-16-48.xbs
--------------------------------------------------解压缩
[[email protected] ~]# xbstream -xv -C /tmp/backup/ < /tmp/full_2017-05-10_12-16-48.xbs
[[email protected] ~]# ls /tmp/backup/
backup-my.cnf.qp mysql percona sakila testdb xtrabackup_checkpoints xtrabackup_logfile.qp
ibdata1.qp pancou performance_schema test xtrabackup_binlog_info.qp xtrabackup_info.qp
-----------------------------------------------远程主机流压缩备份
同时，innobackupex备份的数据文件也可以存储至远程主机，这可以使用--remote-host选项来实现：
# innobackupex [email protected] /path/IN/REMOTE/HOST/to/backup
[[email protected] ~]# innobackupex --stream=xbstream --compress --user=backup --password=pancou /hotbackup/full/ |ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no [email protected] "cat - > /tmp/full_`date +%F_%H-%M-%S`.xbs"
此外，在执行本地备份时，还可以使用--parallel选项对多个文件进行并行复制。此选项用于指定在复制时启动的线程数目。当然，在实际进行备份时要利用此功能的便利性，也需要启用innodb_file_per_table选项或共享的表空间通过innodb_data_file_path选项存储在多个ibdata文件中。对某一数据库的多个文件的复制无法利用到此功能。其简单使用方法如下：
# innobackupex --parallel /path/to/backup
本文出自 “linunx运维专题” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://lijianmin2008.blog.51cto.com/621678/1924058
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