Centos7 之安装Logstash ELK stack 日志管理系统

Posted 叶祖辉

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一、介绍

  

  The Elastic Stack - 它不是一个软件,而是Elasticsearch,Logstash,Kibana 开源软件的集合,对外是作为一个日志管理系统的开源方案。它可以从任何来源,任何格式进行日志搜索,分析获取数据,并实时进行展示。像盾牌(安全),监护者(警报)和Marvel(监测)一样为你的产品提供更多的可能。

  Elasticsearch:搜索,提供分布式全文搜索引擎

  Logstash: 日志收集,管理,存储

  Kibana :日志的过滤web 展示
  Filebeat:监控日志文件、转发

 二、测试环境规划图

    

  环境:ip、主机名按照如上规划,系统已经 update. 所有主机时间一致。防火墙测试环境已关闭。下面是这次elk学习的部署安装

  目的:通过elk 主机收集监控主要server的系统日志、以及线上应用服务日志。

三、Elasticsearch+Logstash+Kibana的安装(在 elk.test.com 上进行操作)

3.1.基础环境检查

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[root@elk ~]# hostname
elk.test.com
[root@elk ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.30.67   elk.test.com
192.168.30.99   rsyslog.test.com
192.168.30.64   nginx.test.com
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3.2.软件包

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[root@elk ~]# cd elk/
[root@elk elk]# wget -c https://download.elastic.co/elasticsearch/release/org/elasticsearch/distribution/rpm/elasticsearch/2.3.3/elasticsearch-2.3.3.rpm
[root@elk elk]# wget -c https://download.elastic.co/logstash/logstash/packages/centos/logstash-2.3.2-1.noarch.rpm
[root@elk elk]# wget https://download.elastic.co/kibana/kibana/kibana-4.5.1-1.x86_64.rpm
[root@elk elk]# wget -c https://download.elastic.co/beats/filebeat/filebeat-1.2.3-x86_64.rpm
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3.3.检查

[root@elk elk]# ls
elasticsearch-2.3.3.rpm  filebeat-1.2.3-x86_64.rpm  kibana-4.5.1-1.x86_64.rpm  logstash-2.3.2-1.noarch.rpm

服务器只需要安装e、l、k, 客户端只需要安装filebeat。

 3.4.安装elasticsearch,先安装jdk,elk server 需要java 开发环境支持,由于客户端上使用的是filebeat软件,它不依赖java环境,所以不需要安装。

[root@elk elk]# yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk -y

安装es

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[root@elk elk]# yum localinstall elasticsearch-2.3.3.rpm -y
.....
  Installing : elasticsearch-2.3.3-1.noarch                                                                                             1/1
### NOT starting on installation, please execute the following statements to configure elasticsearch service to start automatically using systemd
 sudo systemctl daemon-reload
 sudo systemctl enable elasticsearch.service
### You can start elasticsearch service by executing
 sudo systemctl start elasticsearch.service
  Verifying  : elasticsearch-2.3.3-1.noarch                                                                                             1/1

Installed:
  elasticsearch.noarch 0:2.3.3-1


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重新载入 systemd,扫描新的或有变动的单元;启动并加入开机自启动

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[root@elk elk]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@elk elk]# systemctl enable elasticsearch
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/elasticsearch.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/elasticsearch.service.
[root@elk elk]# systemctl start elasticsearch
[root@elk elk]# systemctl status elasticsearch
● elasticsearch.service - Elasticsearch
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/elasticsearch.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Fri 2016-05-20 15:38:35 CST; 12s ago
     Docs: http://www.elastic.co
  Process: 10428 ExecStartPre=/usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch-systemd-pre-exec (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 10430 (java)
   CGroup: /system.slice/elasticsearch.service
           └─10430 /bin/java -Xms256m -Xmx1g -Djava.awt.headless=true -XX:+UseParNewGC -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancy...

May 20 15:38:38 elk.test.com elasticsearch[10430]: [2016-05-20 15:38:38,279][INFO ][env                      ] [James Howlett] heap...[true]
May 20 15:38:38 elk.test.com elasticsearch[10430]: [2016-05-20 15:38:38,279][WARN ][env                      ] [James Howlett] max ...65536]
May 20 15:38:41 elk.test.com elasticsearch[10430]: [2016-05-20 15:38:41,726][INFO ][node                     ] [James Howlett] initialized
May 20 15:38:41 elk.test.com elasticsearch[10430]: [2016-05-20 15:38:41,726][INFO ][node                     ] [James Howlett] starting ...
May 20 15:38:41 elk.test.com elasticsearch[10430]: [2016-05-20 15:38:41,915][INFO ][transport                ] [James Howlett] publ...:9300}
May 20 15:38:41 elk.test.com elasticsearch[10430]: [2016-05-20 15:38:41,920][INFO ][discovery                ] [James Howlett] elas...xx35hw
May 20 15:38:45 elk.test.com elasticsearch[10430]: [2016-05-20 15:38:45,099][INFO ][cluster.service          ] [James Howlett] new_...eived)
May 20 15:38:45 elk.test.com elasticsearch[10430]: [2016-05-20 15:38:45,164][INFO ][gateway                  ] [James Howlett] reco..._state
May 20 15:38:45 elk.test.com elasticsearch[10430]: [2016-05-20 15:38:45,185][INFO ][http                     ] [James Howlett] publ...:9200}
May 20 15:38:45 elk.test.com elasticsearch[10430]: [2016-05-20 15:38:45,185][INFO ][node                     ] [James Howlett] started
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
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 检查服务

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[root@elk elk]# rpm -qc elasticsearch
/etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
/etc/elasticsearch/logging.yml
/etc/init.d/elasticsearch
/etc/sysconfig/elasticsearch
/usr/lib/sysctl.d/elasticsearch.conf
/usr/lib/systemd/system/elasticsearch.service
/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/elasticsearch.conf
[root@elk elk]# netstat -nltp | grep java
tcp6       0      0 127.0.0.1:9200          :::*                    LISTEN      10430/java
tcp6       0      0 ::1:9200                :::*                    LISTEN      10430/java
tcp6       0      0 127.0.0.1:9300          :::*                    LISTEN      10430/java
tcp6       0      0 ::1:9300                :::*                    LISTEN      10430/java
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修改防火墙,将9200、9300 端口对外开放

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[root@elk elk]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port={9200/tcp,9300/tcp}
success
[root@elk elk]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
[root@elk elk]# firewall-cmd  --list-all
public (default, active)
  interfaces: eno16777984 eno33557248
  sources:
  services: dhcpv6-client ssh
  ports: 9200/tcp 9300/tcp
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports:
  icmp-blocks:
  rich rules:
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3.5 安装kibana

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[root@elk elk]# yum localinstall kibana-4.5.1-1.x86_64.rpm –y
[root@elk elk]# systemctl enable kibana
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kibana.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kibana.service.
[root@elk elk]# systemctl start kibana

[root@elk elk]# systemctl status kibana
● kibana.service - no description given
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kibana.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Fri 2016-05-20 15:49:02 CST; 20s ago
 Main PID: 11260 (node)
   CGroup: /system.slice/kibana.service
           └─11260 /opt/kibana/bin/../node/bin/node /opt/kibana/bin/../src/cli

May 20 15:49:05 elk.test.com kibana[11260]: {"type":"log","@timestamp":"2016-05-20T07:49:05+00:00","tags":["status","plugin:elasticsearch...
May 20 15:49:05 elk.test.com kibana[11260]: {"type":"log","@timestamp":"2016-05-20T07:49:05+00:00","tags":["status","plugin:kbn_vi...lized"}
May 20 15:49:05 elk.test.com kibana[11260]: {"type":"log","@timestamp":"2016-05-20T07:49:05+00:00","tags":["status","plugin:markdo...lized"}
May 20 15:49:05 elk.test.com kibana[11260]: {"type":"log","@timestamp":"2016-05-20T07:49:05+00:00","tags":["status","plugin:metric...lized"}
May 20 15:49:05 elk.test.com kibana[11260]: {"type":"log","@timestamp":"2016-05-20T07:49:05+00:00","tags":["status","plugin:spyMod...lized"}
May 20 15:49:05 elk.test.com kibana[11260]: {"type":"log","@timestamp":"2016-05-20T07:49:05+00:00","tags":["status","plugin:status...lized"}
May 20 15:49:05 elk.test.com kibana[11260]: {"type":"log","@timestamp":"2016-05-20T07:49:05+00:00","tags":["status","plugin:table_...lized"}
May 20 15:49:05 elk.test.com kibana[11260]: {"type":"log","@timestamp":"2016-05-20T07:49:05+00:00","tags":["listening","info"],"pi...:5601"}
May 20 15:49:10 elk.test.com kibana[11260]: {"type":"log","@timestamp":"2016-05-20T07:49:10+00:00","tags":["status","plugin:elasticsearch...
May 20 15:49:14 elk.test.com kibana[11260]: {"type":"log","@timestamp":"2016-05-20T07:49:14+00:00","tags":["status","plugin:elasti...found"}
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
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检查kibana服务运行(Kibana默认 进程名:node ,端口5601)

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[root@elk elk]# netstat -nltp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      909/sshd
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1595/master
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:5601            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      11260/node
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修改防火墙,对外开放tcp/5601

复制代码
[root@elk elk]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=5601/tcp
Success
[root@elk elk]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
[root@elk elk]# firewall-cmd --list-all
public (default, active)
  interfaces: eno16777984 eno33557248
  sources:
  services: dhcpv6-client ssh
  ports: 9200/tcp 9300/tcp 5601/tcp
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports:
  icmp-blocks:
  rich rules:
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这时,我们可以打开浏览器,测试访问一下kibana服务器http://192.168.30.67:5601/,确认没有问题,如下图:

在这里,我们可以修改防火墙,将用户访问80端口连接转发到5601上,这样可以直接输入网址不用指定端口了,如下:

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[root@elk elk]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-forward-port=port=80:proto=tcp:toport=5601
[root@elk elk]# firewall-cmd --reload
[root@elk elk]# firewall-cmd --list-all
public (default, active)
  interfaces: eno16777984 eno33557248
  sources:
  services: dhcpv6-client ssh
  ports: 9200/tcp 9300/tcp 5601/tcp
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports: port=80:proto=tcp:toport=5601:toaddr=
  icmp-blocks:
  rich rules:
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3.6 安装logstash,以及添加配置文件

[root@elk elk]# yum localinstall logstash-2.3.2-1.noarch.rpm –y

生成证书

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[root@elk elk]# cd /etc/pki/tls/
[root@elk tls]# ls
cert.pem  certs  misc  openssl.cnf  private

[root@elk tls]# openssl req -subj \'/CN=elk.test.com/\' -x509 -days 3650 -batch -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout private/logstash-forwarder.key -out 
certs/logstash-forwarder.crt
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
...................................................................+++
......................................................+++
writing new private key to \'private/logstash-forwarder.key\'
-----
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之后创建logstash 的配置文件。如下:

 View Code

启动logstash,并检查端口,配置文件里,我们写的是5000端口

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[root@elk conf.d]# systemctl start logstash
[root@elk elk]# /sbin/chkconfig logstash on
[root@elk conf.d]# netstat -ntlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      909/sshd
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1595/master
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:5601            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      11260/node
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:514             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      618/rsyslogd
tcp6       0      0 :::5000                 :::*                    LISTEN      12819/java
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      1270/mysqld
tcp6       0      0 127.0.0.1:9200          :::*                    LISTEN      10430/java
tcp6       0      0 ::1:9200                :::*                    LISTEN      10430/java
tcp6       0      0 127.0.0.1:9300          :::*                    LISTEN      10430/java
tcp6       0      0 ::1:9300                :::*                    LISTEN      10430/java
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      909/sshd
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN      1595/master
tcp6       0      0 :::514                  :::*                    LISTEN      618/rsyslogd
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修改防火墙,将5000端口对外开放。

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[root@elk ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=5000/tcp
success
[root@elk ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
[root@elk ~]# firewall-cmd --list-all
public (default, active)
  interfaces: eno16777984 eno33557248
  sources:
  services: dhcpv6-client ssh
  ports: 9200/tcp 9300/tcp 5000/tcp 5601/tcp
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports: port=80:proto=tcp:toport=5601:toaddr=
  icmp-blocks:
  rich rules:
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3.7 修改elasticsearch 配置文件

查看目录,创建文件夹es-01(名字不是必须的),logging.yml是自带的,elasticsearch.yml是创建的文件,内如见下:

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[root@elk ~]# cd /etc/elasticsearch/
[root@elk elasticsearch]# tree
.
├── es-01
│   ├── elasticsearch.yml
│   └── logging.yml
└── scripts
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[root@elk elasticsearch]# cat es-01/elasticsearch.yml 
----
http:
  port: 9200
network:
  host: elk.test.com
node:
  name: elk.test.com
path:
  data: /etc/elasticsearch/data/es-01
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3.8 重启elasticsearch、logstash服务。

3.9 将 fiebeat安装包拷贝到 rsyslog、nginx 客户端上

[root@elk elk]# scp filebeat-1.2.3-x86_64.rpm root@rsyslog.test.com:/root/elk
[root@elk elk]# scp filebeat-1.2.3-x86_64.rpm root@nginx.test.com:/root/elk
[root@elk elk]# scp /etc/pki/tls/certs/logstash-forwarder.crt rsyslog.test.com:/root/elk
[root@elk elk]# scp /etc/pki/tls/certs/logstash-forwarder.crt nginx.test.com:/root/elk

 

四、客户端部署filebeat(在rsyslog、nginx客户端上操作)

  

  filebeat客户端是一个轻量级的,从服务器上的文件收集日志资源的工具,这些日志转发到处理到Logstash服务器上。该Filebeat客户端使用安全的Beats协议与Logstash实例通信。lumberjack协议被设计为可靠性和低延迟。Filebeat使用托管源数据的计算机的计算资源,并且Beats输入插件尽量减少对Logstash的资源需求。

4.1.(node1)安装filebeat,拷贝证书,创建收集日志配置文件

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[root@rsyslog elk]# yum localinstall filebeat-1.2.3-x86_64.rpm -y
#拷贝证书到本机指定目录中
[root@rsyslog elk]# cp logstash-forwarder.crt /etc/pki/tls/certs/.
[root@rsyslog elk]# cd /etc/filebeat/
[root@rsyslog filebeat]# tree
.
├── conf.d
│   ├── authlogs.yml
│   └── syslogs.yml
├── filebeat.template.json
└── filebeat.yml

1 directory, 4 files
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修改的文件有3个,filebeat.yml,是定义连接logstash 服务器的配置。conf.d目录下的2个配置文件是自定义监控日志的,下面看下各自的内容:

filebeat.yml

 View Code

authlogs.yml  & syslogs.yml

 View Code

修改完成后,启动filebeat服务

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[root@rsyslog filebeat]# service filebeat start
Starting filebeat:                                         [  OK  ]
[root@rsyslog filebeat]# chkconfig filebeat on

[root@rsyslog filebeat]# netstat -altp
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State       PID/Program name   
tcp        0      0 localhost:25151             *:*                         LISTEN      6230/python2        
tcp        0      0 *:ssh                       *:*                         LISTEN      5509/sshd           
tcp        0      0 localhost:ipp               *:*                         LISTEN      1053/cupsd          
tcp        0      0 localhost:smtp              *:*                         LISTEN      1188/master         
tcp        0      0 rsyslog.test.com:51155      elk.test.com:commplex-main  ESTABLISHED 7443/filebeat       
tcp        0     52 rsyslog.test.com:ssh        192.168.30.65:10580         ESTABLISHED 7164/sshd           
tcp        0      0 *:ssh                       *:*                         LISTEN      5509/sshd           
tcp        0      0 localhost:ipp               *:*                         LISTEN      1053/cupsd          
tcp        0      0 localhost:smtp              *:*                         LISTEN      1188/master
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如果连接不上,状态不正常的话,检查下客户端的防火墙。

4.2. (node2)安装filebeat,拷贝证书,创建收集日志配置文件

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[root@nginx elk]# yum localinstall filebeat-1.2.3-x86_64.rpm -y
[root@nginx elk]# cp logstash-forwarder.crt /etc/pki/tls/certs/.
[root@nginx elk]# cd /etc/filebeat/
[root@nginx filebeat]# tree
.
├── conf.d
│   ├── nginx.yml
│   └── syslogs.yml
├── filebeat.template.json
└── filebeat.yml

1 directory, 4 files
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修改filebeat.yml 内容如下:

 View Code

syslogs.yml & nginx.yml

 View Code

修改完成后,启动filebeat服务,并检查filebeat进程

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[root@nginx filebeat]# service filebeat start
Starting filebeat:                                         [  OK  ]
[root@nginx filebeat]# chkconfig filebeat on

[root@nginx filebeat]# netstat -aulpt
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State       PID/Program name   
tcp        0      0 *:ssh                       *:*                         LISTEN      1076/sshd           
tcp        0      0 localhost:smtp              *:*                         LISTEN      1155/master         
tcp        0      0 *:http                      *:*                         LISTEN      1446/nginx          
tcp        0     52 nginx.test.com:ssh          192.168.30.65:11690         ESTABLISHED 1313/sshd           
tcp        0      0 nginx.test.com:49500        elk.test.com:commplex-main  ESTABLISHED 1515/filebeat       
tcp        0      0 nginx.test.com:ssh          192.168.30.65:6215          ESTABLISHED 1196/sshd           
tcp        0      0 nginx.test.com:ssh          192.168.30.65:6216          ESTABLISHED 1200/sshd           
tcp        0      0 *:ssh                       *:*                         LISTEN      1076/sshd 
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通过上面可以看出,客户端filebeat进程已经和 elk 服务器连接了。下面去验证。

五、验证,访问kibana http://192.168.30.67

5.1 设置下

查看下两台机器的系统日志:node1的

node2的nginx 访问日志

 

六、体验

  之前在学习rsyslog +LogAnalyzer,然后又学了这个之后,发现elk 不管从整体系统,还是体验都是不错的,而且更新快。后续会继续学习,更新相关的监控过滤日志方法,日志分析,以及使用kafka 来进行存储的架构。

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