DOM
Posted 大王来巡山
tags:
篇首语:本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理,主要介绍了DOM相关的知识,希望对你有一定的参考价值。
文档对象模型(Document Object Model,DOM)是一种用于html和XML文档的编程接口。它给文档提供了一种结构化的表示方法,可以改变文档的内容和呈现方式。我们最为关心的是,DOM把网页和脚本以及其他的编程语言联系了起来。DOM属于浏览器,而不是javascript语言规范里的规定的核心内容。
一、查找元素
1、直接查找
1
2
3
4
|
document.getElementById 根据 ID 获取一个标签 document.getElementsByName 根据name属性获取标签集合 document.getElementsByClassName 根据 class 属性获取标签集合 document.getElementsByTagName 根据标签名获取标签集合 |
2、间接查找
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
|
parentNode / / 父节点 childNodes / / 所有子节点 firstChild / / 第一个子节点 lastChild / / 最后一个子节点 nextSibling / / 下一个兄弟节点 previousSibling / / 上一个兄弟节点 parentElement / / 父节点标签元素 children / / 所有子标签 firstElementChild / / 第一个子标签元素 lastElementChild / / 最后一个子标签元素 nextElementtSibling / / 下一个兄弟标签元素 previousElementSibling / / 上一个兄弟标签元素 |
二、操作
1、内容
1
2
3
4
5
|
innerText 文本 outerText innerHTML HTML内容 innerHTML value 值 |
2、属性
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
|
attributes // 获取所有标签属性 setAttribute(key,value) // 设置标签属性 getAttribute(key) // 获取指定标签属性 /* var atr = document.createAttribute("class"); atr.nodeValue="democlass"; document.getElementById(\'n1\').setAttributeNode(atr); */ |
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head lang="en"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <body> <input type="button" value="全选" onclick="CheckAll();"/> <input type="button" value="取消" onclick="CancelAll();"/> <input type="button" value="反选" onclick="ReverseCheck();"/> <table border="1" > <thead> </thead> <tbody id="tb"> <tr> <td><input type="checkbox" /></td> <td>111</td> <td>222</td> </tr> <tr> <td><input type="checkbox" /></td> <td>111</td> <td>222</td> </tr> <tr> <td><input type="checkbox" /></td> <td>111</td> <td>222</td> </tr> <tr> <td><input type="checkbox" /></td> <td>111</td> <td>222</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <script> function CheckAll(ths){ var tb = document.getElementById(\'tb\'); var trs = tb.childNodes; for(var i =0; i<trs.length; i++){ var current_tr = trs[i]; if(current_tr.nodeType==1){ var inp = current_tr.firstElementChild.getElementsByTagName(\'input\')[0]; inp.checked = true; } } } function CancelAll(ths){ var tb = document.getElementById(\'tb\'); var trs = tb.childNodes; for(var i =0; i<trs.length; i++){ var current_tr = trs[i]; if(current_tr.nodeType==1){ var inp = current_tr.firstElementChild.getElementsByTagName(\'input\')[0]; inp.checked = false; } } } function ReverseCheck(ths){ var tb = document.getElementById(\'tb\'); var trs = tb.childNodes; for(var i =0; i<trs.length; i++){ var current_tr = trs[i]; if(current_tr.nodeType==1){ var inp = current_tr.firstElementChild.getElementsByTagName(\'input\')[0]; if(inp.checked){ inp.checked = false; }else{ inp.checked = true; } } } } </script> </body> </html>
3、class操作
1
2
3
|
className // 获取所有类名 classList.remove(cls) // 删除指定类 classList.add(cls) // 添加类 |
4、标签操作
a.创建标签
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
|
// 方式一 var tag = document.createElement( \'a\' ) tag.innerText = "wupeiqi" tag.className = "c1" tag.href = "http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi" // 方式二 var tag = "<a class=\'c1\' href=\'http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi\'>wupeiqi</a>" |
b.操作标签
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
|
// 方式一 var obj = "<input type=\'text\' />" ; xxx.insertAdjacentHTML( "beforeEnd" ,obj); xxx.insertAdjacentElement( \'afterBegin\' ,document.createElement( \'p\' )) //注意:第一个参数只能是\'beforeBegin\'、 \'afterBegin\'、 \'beforeEnd\'、 \'afterEnd\' // 方式二 var tag = document.createElement( \'a\' ) xxx.appendChild(tag) xxx.insertBefore(tag,xxx[1]) |
5、样式操作
1
2
3
4
|
var obj = document.getElementById( \'i1\' ) obj.style.fontSize = "32px" ; obj.style.backgroundColor = "red" ; |
<input onfocus="Focus(this);" onblur="Blur(this);" id="search" value="请输入关键字" style="color: gray;" /> <script> function Focus(ths){ ths.style.color = "black"; if(ths.value == \'请输入关键字\' || ths.value.trim() == ""){ ths.value = ""; } } function Blur(ths){ if(ths.value.trim() == ""){ ths.value = \'请输入关键字\'; ths.style.color = \'gray\'; }else{ ths.style.color = "black"; } } </script>
6、位置操作
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
|
总文档高度 document.documentElement.offsetHeight 当前文档占屏幕高度 document.documentElement.clientHeight 自身高度 tag.offsetHeight 距离上级定位高度 tag.offsetTop 父定位标签 tag.offsetParent 滚动高度 tag.scrollTop /* clientHeight -> 可见区域:height + padding clientTop -> border高度 offsetHeight -> 可见区域:height + padding + border offsetTop -> 上级定位标签的高度 scrollHeight -> 全文高:height + padding scrollTop -> 滚动高度 特别的: document.documentElement代指文档根节点 */ |
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head lang="en"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <body style="margin: 0;"> <div style="height: 900px;"> </div> <div style="padding: 10px;"> <div id="i1" style="height:190px;padding: 2px;border: 1px solid red;margin: 8px;"> <p>asdf</p> <p>asdf</p> <p>asdf</p> <p>asdf</p> <p>asdf</p> </div> </div> <script> var i1 = document.getElementById(\'i1\'); console.log(i1.clientHeight); // 可见区域:height + padding console.log(i1.clientTop); // border高度 console.log(\'=====\'); console.log(i1.offsetHeight); // 可见区域:height + padding + border console.log(i1.offsetTop); // 上级定位标签的高度 console.log(\'=====\'); console.log(i1.scrollHeight); //全文高:height + padding console.log(i1.scrollTop); // 滚动高度 console.log(\'=====\'); </script> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head lang="en"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <style> body{ margin: 0px; } img { border: 0; } ul{ padding: 0; margin: 0; list-style: none; } .clearfix:after { content: "."; display: block; height: 0; clear: both; visibility: hidden; } .wrap{ width: 980px; margin: 0 auto; } .pg-header{ background-color: #303a40; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2); -moz-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2); box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2); } .pg-header .logo{ float: left; padding:5px 10px 5px 0px; } .pg-header .logo img{ vertical-align: middle; width: 110px; height: 40px; } .pg-header .nav{ line-height: 50px; } .pg-header .nav ul li{ float: left; } .pg-header .nav ul li a{ display: block; color: #ccc; padding: 0 20px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14px; } .pg-header .nav ul li a:hover{ color: #fff; background-color: #425a66; } .pg-body{ } .pg-body .catalog{ position: absolute; top:60px; width: 200px; background-color: #fafafa; bottom: 0px; } .pg-body .catalog.fixed{ position: fixed; top:10px; } .pg-body .catalog .catalog-item.active{ color: #fff; background-color: #425a66; } .pg-body .content{ position: absolute; top:60px; width: 700px; margin-left: 210px; background-color: #fafafa; overflow: auto; } .pg-body .content .section{ height: 500px; } </style> <body onscroll="ScrollEvent();"> <div class="pg-header"> <div class="wrap clearfix"> <div class="logo"> <a href="#"> <img src="http://core.pc.lietou-static.com/revs/images/common/logo_7012c4a4.pn"> </a> </div> <div class="nav"> <ul> <li> <a href="#">首页</a> </li> <li> <a href="#">功能一</a> </li> <li> <a href="#">功能二</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pg-body"> <div class="wrap"> <div class="catalog"> <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function1"><a>第1张</a></div> <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function2"><a>第2张</a></div> <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function3"><a>第3张</a></div> </div> <div class="content"> <div menu="function1" class="section"> <h1>第一章</h1> </div> <div menu="function2" class="section"> <h1>第二章</h1> </div> <div menu="function3" class="section"> <h1>第三章</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script> function ScrollEvent(){ var bodyScrollTop = document.body.scrollTop; if(bodyScrollTop>50){ document.getElementsByClassName(\'catalog\')[0].classList.add(\'fixed\'); }else{ document.getElementsByClassName(\'catalog\')[0].classList.remove(\'fixed\'); } } </script> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head lang="en"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <style> body{ margin: 0px; } img { border: 0; } ul{ padding: 0; margin: 0; list-style: none; } h1{ padding: 0; margin: 0; } .clearfix:after { content: "."; display: block; height: 0; clear: both; visibility: hidden; } .wrap{ width: 980px; margin: 0 auto; } .pg-header{ background-color: #303a40; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2); -moz-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2); box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2); } .pg-header .logo{ float: left; padding:5px 10px 5px 0px; } .pg-header .logo img{ vertical-align: middle; width: 110px; height: 40px; } .pg-header .nav{ line-height: 50px; } .pg-header .nav ul li{ float: left; } .pg-header .nav ul li a{ display: block; color: #ccc; padding: 0 20px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14px; } .pg-header .nav ul li a:hover{ color: #fff; background-color: #425a66; } .pg-body{ } .pg-body .catalog{ position: absolute; top:60px; width: 200px; background-color: #fafafa; bottom: 0px; } .pg-body .catalog.fixed{ position: fixed; top:10px; } .pg-body .catalog .catalog-item.active{ color: #fff; background-color: #425a66; } .pg-body .content{ position: absolute; top:60px; width: 700px; margin-left: 210px; background-color: #fafafa; overflow: auto; } .pg-body .content .section{ height: 500px; border: 1px solid red; } </style> <body onscroll="ScrollEvent();"> <div class="pg-header"> <div class="wrap clearfix"> <div class="logo"> <a href="#"> <img src="http://core.pc.lietou-static.com/revs/images/common/logo_7012c4a4.pn"> </a> </div> <div class="nav"> <ul> <li> <a href="#">首页</a> </li> <li> <a href="#">功能一</a> </li> <li> <a href="#">功能二</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pg-body"> <div class="wrap"> <div class="catalog" id="catalog"> <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function1"><a>第1张</a></div> <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function2"><a>第2张</a></div> <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function3"><a>第3张</a></div> </div> <div class="content" id="content"> <div menu="function1" class="section"> <h1>第一章</h1> </div> <div menu="function2" class="section"> <h1>第二章</h1> </div> <div menu="function3" class="section"> <h1>第三章</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script> function ScrollEvent(){ var bodyScrollTop = document.body.scrollTop; if(bodyScrollTop>50){ document.getElementsByClassName(\'catalog\')[0].classList.add(\'fixed\'); }else{ document.getElementsByClassName(\'catalog\')[0].classList.remove(\'fixed\'); } var content = document.getElementById(\'content\'); var sections = content.children; for(var i=0;i<sections.length;i++){ var current_section = sections[i]; // 当前标签距离顶部绝对高度 var scOffTop = current_section.offsetTop + 60; // 当前标签距离顶部,相对高度 var offTop = scOffTop - bodyScrollTop; // 当前标签高度 var height = current_section.scrollHeight; if(offTop<0 && -offTop < height){ // 当前标签添加active // 其他移除 active var menus = document.getElementById(\'catalog\').children; var current_menu = menus[i]; current_menu.classList.add(\'active\'); for(var j=0;j<menus.length;j++){ if(menus[j] == current_menu){ }else{ menus[j].classList.remove(\'active\'); } } break; } } } </script> </body> </html>