新闻网站项目笔记

Posted 2020-09-16 叉歪叉

总结了一些知识点

1.api里面的对象有的要显示两层以上的嵌套怎么办？

class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = (‘id‘,‘profile‘,‘username‘)
        depth = 1

class CommentSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    belong_user = UserSerializer()
    class Meta:
        model = Comment
        fields = ‘__all__‘
        depth = 1

比如要取到comment.belong_user.profile.avatar。这里在序列化器里面做了一个嵌套 belong_user = UserSerializer()

2.如何做分页？

    pagerobot = Paginator(article_list,5)                         #创建分页器，每页限定五篇文章
    page_num = request.GET.get("page")                            #取到当前页数
    try:
        article_list = pagerobot.page(page_num)                   #一般情况下返回当前页码下的文章
    except EmptyPage:
        article_list = pagerobot.page(pagerobot.num_pages)        #如果不存在该业，返回最后一页
    except PageNotAnInteger:
        article_list = pagerobot.page(1)          

3.如何自定义表单验证？

def words_validator(comment):
    if len(comment)<5:
        raise ValidationError("您输入的评论字数太短，请重新输入至少5个字符")

class CommentForm(forms.Form):
    comment = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Textarea(),validators=[words_validator])

或者重写clean方法

class RegisterForm(forms.Form):
    username = forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={‘placeholder‘:‘用户名‘}))
    email = forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={‘placeholder‘:‘邮箱‘}))
    password = forms.CharField(widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={‘placeholder‘:‘密码‘}))
    password_confirm = forms.CharField(widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={‘placeholder‘:‘确认密码‘}))

    def clean(self):
        cleaned_data = super(RegisterForm,self).clean()
        username = cleaned_data.get("username")
        email = cleaned_data.get("email")
        password = cleaned_data.get("password")
        password_confirm = cleaned_data.get("password_confirm")

        if User.objects.filter(username=username):
           raise forms.ValidationError("用户已存在")
        if User.objects.filter(email=email):
           raise forms.ValidationError("该邮箱已被注册")

        try:
           validate_email(email)
        except ValidationError:
           raise forms.ValidationError("不正确的邮箱格式")

        if len(password) < 6:
           raise forms.ValidationError("密码长度至少6位")

        if password_confirm != password:
           raise forms.ValidationError("两次输入的密码不一致")

4.如何对于留言板功能用cookie验证表单

首先在用户的cookies里存进token：

def detail(request,article_id):
    if not isinstance(request.user, User):
        return render(request, ‘detail.html‘)
    token, created = Token.objects.get_or_create(user=request.user)    #创建登录用户的token并存到cookie中
    response = render(request, ‘detail.html‘)
    response.set_cookie(key=‘token‘,value=token.key)
    return response

在提交留言的方法中记得在请求头加入token：

sendcomment:function(){
              var self = this;
              var id = location.href.split("/")[4];
              var datenow = new Date();
              reqwest({
                url:‘/api/detail/‘+ id +‘/‘,
                type:‘json‘,
                method:‘post‘,
                headers:Cookies.get(‘token‘)? {‘Authorization‘: ‘Token ‘ + Cookies.get(‘token‘)}:{}, #这里这里！
                data:{
                  article_id:id,
                  created:datenow.toISOString(),
                  words:self.words
                },
                success:function(resp){
                  location.reload();
                }
              })
            }

记得在urls.py中配置token的api地址：

from rest_framework.authtoken import views

url(r‘^api/token-auth/$‘, views.obtain_auth_token)