搭建Oracle 11G单实例Active DataGuard

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Oracle 11G单实例ActiveDataGuard

 

1.基础环境准备

1.1基础环境说明：

操作系统：RHEL 5.5 64bit

数据库版本：Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit

1.2数据库服务名称及目录说明：


主库

备库

IP地址

192.168.4.157

192.168.4.158

主机名称

primary01

standby01

db_name

testdb

testdb

db_unique_name

pri_db

std_db

service_names

pri_db

std_db

local_listener

pri_1522

std_1522

监听端口

1522

1522

基目录

/u01/app/oracle

/u01/app/oracle

数据文件目录

/u01/app/oradata/testdb

/u01/app/oradata/testdb

归档日志目录

/u01/app/archivelog/testdb

/u01/app/archivelog/testdb

RMAN备份目录

/u01/app/rman_backup/

/u01/app/rman_backup/

 

1.3环境准备：

1.3.1修改主、备库hosts文件：

# cat /etc/hosts

192.168.4.157   primary01

192.168.4.158   standby01

1.3.2修改主、备库监听文件：

$ cat tnsnames.ora

pri_1522 =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS_LIST =

      (ADDRESS =(PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = primary01)(PORT = 1522))

    )

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVICE_NAME =pri_db)

    )

  )

 

std_1522 =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS_LIST =

      (ADDRESS =(PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = standby01)(PORT = 1522))

    )

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVICE_NAME =std_db)

    )

  )

 

2.主库准备工作

2.1置于在mount状态，修改数据库force logging，开启归档。

SQL> SELECT name,log_mode, force_logging, open_mode FROM v$database;


NAME    LOG_MODE   FOR OPEN_MODE

--------- ------------ --- --------------------

TESTDB   NOARCHIVELOG NO MOUNTED

 

SQL> alterdatabase force logging;

SQL> alterdatabase archivelog;

SQL> alterdatabase open;

SQL> SELECT name,log_mode, force_logging, open_mode FROM v$database;

 

NAME    LOG_MODE   FOR OPEN_MODE

---------- ----------- --- --------------------

TESTDB   ARCHIVELOG  YES READ WRITE

2.2动态注册1522端口                  

SQL> show parameter local_listener;

 

NAME                 TYPE      VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

local_listener            string   pri_1522

[[email protected] ~]$ lsnrctl status

2.3主库确定采用口令认证

SQL> show parameter password;

NAME                 TYPE      VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

remote_login_passwordfile       string   EXCLUSIVE

 

2.4主库配置LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG参数

此参数用于控制发送归档日志到远程位置、接收远程归档日志，并指定Data Guard配置的惟一数据库名。

SQL> show parameter log_archive_config;

 

NAME                 TYPE      VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

log_archive_config          string

SQL> alter system set log_archive_config=‘dg_config=(pri_db,std_db)‘;

SQL> show parameter log_archive_config;

 

NAME                 TYPE      VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

log_archive_config          string   dg_config=(pri_db,std_db)

2.5配置log_archive_dest_1日志归档路径：

SQL> show parameter log_archive_dest_1;

 

NAME                 TYPE      VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

log_archive_dest_1          string

SQL> alter system setlog_archive_dest_1=‘location=/u01/app/archivelog/testdbvalid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=pri_db‘;

SQL> show parameter log_archive_dest_1;

 

NAME                 TYPE      VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

log_archive_dest_1          string   location=/u01/app/archivelog/t

                         estdb valid_for=(all_logfiles,

                         all_roles) db_unique_name=pri_

                         db

SQL> SELECT group#, sequence#, archived, status FROM v$log;

 

GROUP#   SEQUENCE# ARC STATUS

---------- ---------- --- ----------------

     1     4 YES INACTIVE

     2     5 YES INACTIVE

     3     6 NO CURRENT

 

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

SQL> SELECT group#, sequence#, archived, status FROM v$log;


GROUP#   SEQUENCE# ARC STATUS

---------- ---------- --- ----------------

     1     7 YES INACTIVE

     2     8 YES INACTIVE

     3     9 NO CURRENT

2.6为备库准备pfile样例

SQL> show parameter spfile;

NAME                 TYPE      VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

spfile                string    /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0

                         /db_1/dbs/spfiletestdb.ora

SQL> create pfile from spfile;

2.7主库做RMAN全备

[[email protected] ~]$ rman target /

RMAN> list archivelog all;

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_namePRI_DB

=====================================================================

 

Key   Thrd Seq   S Low Time

------- ---- ------- - ---------

1    1  6    A 02-MAR-16

        Name:/u01/app/archivelog/testdb/1_6_905435865.dbf


2    1  7    A 02-MAR-16

        Name:/u01/app/archivelog/testdb/1_7_905435865.dbf


3    1  8    A 02-MAR-16

        Name:/u01/app/archivelog/testdb/1_8_905435865.dbf

 

RMAN> report need backup;

 

RMAN retention policy will be applied to the command

RMAN retention policy is set to redundancy 1

Report of files with less than 1 redundant backups

File #bkps Name

---- ----- -----------------------------------------------------

1    0     /u01/app/oradata/testdb/system01.dbf

2    0     /u01/app/oradata/testdb/sysaux01.dbf

3    0     /u01/app/oradata/testdb/undotbs01.dbf

4    0     /u01/app/oradata/testdb/users01.dbf

5    0     /u01/app/oradata/testdb/example01.dbf

 

RMAN> run {

2>  allocatechannel c1 type disk;

3>  allocatechannel c2 type disk;

4>  allocatechannel c3 type disk;

5>  backup database format‘/u01/app/rman_backup/Full_%U.bak‘;

6>  backup archivelog all format‘/u01/app/rman_backup/Arc_%U.bak‘;

7>  releasechannel c1;

8>  releasechannel c2;

9>  releasechannel c3; }

2.8建立备库control文件

RMAN> backup device type disk format‘/u01/app/rman_backup/Standby_%U.ctl‘ current controlfile for standby;

2.9将主库的备份集、口令文件、pfile传至备库

说明主、备库的sys用户密码需要相同：

[[email protected] ~]$ ls -lh /u01/app/rman_backup/

total 1.2G

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9.8M Mar  2 14:49 Arc_06qvfpo8_1_1.bak

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 3.5K Mar  2 14:49 Arc_07qvfpo8_1_1.bak

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10K Mar  2 14:49Arc_08qvfpo8_1_1.bak

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 590M Mar  2 14:49 Full_01qvfpl5_1_1.bak

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 359M Mar  2 14:49 Full_02qvfpl5_1_1.bak

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 163M Mar  2 14:49 Full_03qvfpl6_1_1.bak

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9.4M Mar  2 14:49 Full_04qvfpnr_1_1.bak

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 96K Mar  2 14:49Full_05qvfpo4_1_1.bak

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9.4M Mar  2 14:53 Standby_09qvfpuo_1_1.ctl

$ scp /u01/app/rman_backup/* standby01:/u01/app/rman_backup/

$ scp /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwtestdb     standby01:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwtestdb

$ scp /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/inittestdb.ora  standby01:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/inittestdb.ora

3.备库准备工作：

3.1备库参数文件配置：

[[email protected] ~]$ cat/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initphydb.ora

testdb.__db_cache_size=197132288

testdb.__java_pool_size=4194304

testdb.__large_pool_size=4194304

testdb.__oracle_base=‘/u01/app/oracle‘#ORACLE_BASE set fromenvironment

testdb.__pga_aggregate_target=222298112

testdb.__sga_target=331350016

testdb.__shared_io_pool_size=0

testdb.__shared_pool_size=117440512

testdb.__streams_pool_size=0

*.audit_file_dest=‘/u01/app/oracle/admin/testdb/adump‘

*.audit_trail=‘db‘

*.compatible=‘11.2.0.0.0‘

*.control_files=‘/u01/app/oradata/testdb/control01.ctl‘,‘/u01/app/oradata/testdb/control02.ctl‘

*.db_block_size=8192

*.db_domain=‘‘

*.db_name=‘testdb‘

*.db_file_name_convert=‘/u01/app/oradata/testdb‘,‘/u01/app/oradata/testdb‘

*.db_recovery_file_dest=‘/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area‘

*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4294967296

*.db_unique_name=‘std_db‘

*.diagnostic_dest=‘/u01/app/oracle‘

*.dispatchers=‘(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=testdbXDB)‘

*.fal_client=‘std_1522‘

*.fal_server=‘pri_1522‘

*.local_listener=‘std_1522‘

*.log_archive_config=‘dg_config=(pri_db,std_db)‘

*.log_archive_dest_1=‘location=/u01/app/archivelog/testdbvalid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=std_db‘

*.log_file_name_convert=‘/u01/app/oradata/testdb‘,‘/u01/app/oradata/testdb‘

*.memory_target=553648128

*.open_cursors=300

*.processes=250

*.remote_login_passwordfile=‘EXCLUSIVE‘

*.standby_file_management=‘auto‘

*.service_names=‘std_db‘

*.sessions=280

*.undo_tablespace=‘UNDOTBS1‘

 

以上红色字段为新建目录，***并标红字段为新增内容。

db_unique_name可以与主库不同。

 

db_file_name_convert、log_file_name_convert参数是做数据文件、日志文件的路径转换用，本文档可以省略。

转换：

*.db_file_name_convert=‘/u01/app/oradata/testdb‘,‘/u01/app/oradata/phydb‘

 

fal是Fetch Archive Log的简写，它是dataguard主备之间GAP的处理机制。

当Primary Database的某些日志没有成功发送到Standby Database，这时候发生饿了归档裂缝（Archive Gap）。

Primary上不会有GAP，所以fal_server和fal_client也是只在standby上生效的参数，当然为了switch over需要同样会在primary端进行预设置。

缺失的这些日志就是裂缝（Gap），Data Guard能够自动检测，解决归档裂缝，不需要DBA的介入。

3.2创建相应目录及备份集文件检查：

[[email protected] ~]$ mkdir -p/u01/app/oracle/admin/testdb/adump

[[email protected] ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oradata/testdb/

[[email protected] ~]$ mkdir -p/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area

[[email protected] ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/archivelog/testdb

[[email protected] ~]$ ls -lh /u01/app/rman_backup/

total 1.2G

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9.8M Mar  2 14:54 Arc_06qvfpo8_1_1.bak

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 3.5K Mar  2 14:54 Arc_07qvfpo8_1_1.bak

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10K Mar  2 14:54Arc_08qvfpo8_1_1.bak

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 590M Mar  2 14:55 Full_01qvfpl5_1_1.bak

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 359M Mar  2 14:55 Full_02qvfpl5_1_1.bak

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 163M Mar  2 14:55 Full_03qvfpl6_1_1.bak

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9.4M Mar  2 14:55 Full_04qvfpnr_1_1.bak

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 96K Mar  2 14:55Full_05qvfpo4_1_1.bak

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9.4M Mar  2 14:55 Standby_09qvfpuo_1_1.ctl

3.3创建spfile文件，并将备库置于nomount状态

[[email protected] ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> create spfile from pfile;

SQL> startup nomount;

SQL> show parameter pfile;

NAME                 TYPE      VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

spfile                string   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0

                         /db_1/dbs/spfiletestdb.ora

3.4恢复备库的控制文件，并将数据库至于mount状态，restore数据文件：

[[email protected] ~]$ rman target /

RMAN> restore standby controlfile from‘/u01/app/rman_backup/Standby_09qvfpuo_1_1.ctl‘;

RMAN> alter database mount;

RMAN> run {

2>  allocate channelc1 type disk;

3>  allocate channelc2 type disk;

4>  allocate channelc3 type disk;

5>  restore database;

6>  release channelc1;

7>  release channelc2;

8>  release channelc3; }

4.创建物理备库

4.1主库状态查看

SQL> column db_unique_name format a10;

SQL> SELECT db_unique_name, name, switchover_status,database_role, open_mode FROM v$database;

DB_UNIQUE_ NAME   SWITCHOVER_STATUS   DATABASE_ROLE  OPEN_MODE
---------- --------- -------------------- ---------------- --------------------
testdb   TESTDB  NOT ALLOWED      PRIMARY     READ WRITE

4.2备库状态查看

SQL> column db_unique_name format a10;

SQL> SELECT db_unique_name, name, switchover_status, database_role, open_mode FROM v$database;

DB_UNIQUE_ NAME   SWITCHOVER_STATUS   DATABASE_ROLE  OPEN_MODE
---------- --------- -------------------- ---------------- --------------------
std_db   TESTDB  NOT ALLOWED      TO PRIMARY    READ WRITE

4.3备库查看数据文件、控制文件、日志文件、确认开启日志归档

SQL> column name format a40;

SQL> SELECT name FROM v$datafile;

 

NAME

----------------------------------------

/u01/app/oradata/testdb/system01.dbf

/u01/app/oradata/testdb/sysaux01.dbf

/u01/app/oradata/testdb/undotbs01.dbf

/u01/app/oradata/testdb/users01.dbf

/u01/app/oradata/testdb/example01.dbf

 

SQL> SELECT name FROM v$controlfile;

 

NAME

----------------------------------------

/u01/app/oradata/testdb/control01.ctl

/u01/app/oradata/testdb/control02.ctl

 

SQL> col member format a45;

SQL> SELECT *FROM v$logfile order by group#;


  GROUP# STATUS  TYPE  MEMBER                       IS_

---------- ------- ------- --------------------------------------------- ---

     1     ONLINE /u01/app/oradata/testdb/redo01.rdo      NO

     2     ONLINE /u01/app/oradata/testdb/redo02.rdo      NO

     3      ONLINE /u01/app/oradata/testdb/redo02.rdo      NO

 

SQL> archive log list;

Database log mode          Archive Mode

Automatic archival         Enabled

Archive destination        /u01/app/archivelog/testdb

Oldest online log sequence     8

Next log sequence to archive    10

Current log sequence        10

 

4.4备库创建Standby Redo Log组数

公式如下：

如果主库是单实例库：Standby Redo Log组数=主库日志组总数 + 1

如果主库是RAC环境：Standby Redo Log组数=(所有节点中日志组数最大值 + 1) * RAC节点数

SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 4‘/u01/app/oradata/testdb/stdredo04.rdo‘ size 50m;

SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 5‘/u01/app/oradata/testdb/stdredo05.rdo‘ size 50m;

SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 6‘/u01/app/oradata/testdb/stdredo06.rdo‘ size 50m;

SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 7‘/u01/app/oradata/testdb/stdredo07.rdo‘ size 50m;

SQL> SELECT *FROM v$logfile order by group#;


  GROUP# STATUS  TYPE  MEMBER                       IS_

---------- ------- ------- --------------------------------------------- ---

     1     ONLINE /u01/app/oradata/testdb/redo01.rdo      NO

     2     ONLINE /u01/app/oradata/testdb/redo02.rdo      NO

     3      ONLINE /u01/app/oradata/testdb/redo02.rdo      NO

     4     STANDBY /u01/app/oradata/testdb/stdredo04.rdo    NO

     5     STANDBY /u01/app/oradata/testdb/stdredo05.rdo    NO

     6     STANDBY /u01/app/oradata/testdb/stdredo06.rdo    NO

     7     STANDBY /u01/app/oradata/testdb/stdredo07.rdo    NO

4.5备库listener注册状态查看

SQL> show parameter local_listener;

NAME                 TYPE     VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

local_listener            string   std_1522

 

[[email protected] ~]$ ps -ef | grep tns

oracle   10706 10665  0 15:42 pts/0    00:00:00 grep tns

[[email protected] ~]$ lsnrctl start

 

4.6主库修改归档参数LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2

SQL> show parameter log_archive_dest_1;


NAME                 TYPE     VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

log_archive_dest_1          string   location=/u01/app/archivelog/t

                         estdb valid_for=(all_logfiles,

                         all_roles) db_unique_name=pri_

                         db


SQL> show parameter log_archive_dest_2;

NAME                 TYPE     VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

log_archive_dest_2          string

 

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2=‘service=std_1522 lgwr sync valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=std_db‘;

SQL> show parameter log_archive_dest_2;

NAME                 TYPE      VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

log_archive_dest_2          string    service=std_1522 lgwr sync val

                         id_for=(online_logfiles,primar

                         y_role) db_unique_name=std_db

4.7主库切换日志，让其产生归档日志：

SQL> SELECT group#, thread#, sequence#, members, archived, status FROM v$log;


  GROUP#   THREAD#  SEQUENCE#  MEMBERS ARC STATUS

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ----------------

     1     1     10      1 YES INACTIVE

     2     1     11      1 NO CURRENT

     3     1     9      1 YES INACTIVE


SQL> alter systemswitch logfile;

SQL> alter systemswitch logfile;

SQL> alter systemswitch logfile;

4.8主库查看归档日志传送状态：

SQL> SELECT process, client_process, sequence#, status FROMv$managed_standby;

 

PROCESS  CLIENT_P SEQUENCE# STATUS

--------- -------- ---------- ------------

ARCH     ARCH     13 CLOSING

ARCH     ARCH     10 CLOSING

ARCH     ARCH     0 CONNECTED

ARCH     ARCH     12 CLOSING

LGWR     LGWR     14 WRITING

 

SQL> SELECT group#, thread#, sequence#, members, archived,status FROM v$log;

 

    GROUP#    THREAD# SEQUENCE#    MEMBERS ARC STATUS

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------------------

         1          1         13          1 YES INACTIVE

         2          1         14          1 NO CURRENT

         3          1         12          1 YES INACTIVE

5.验证Active Data Guard

5.1备库查看是否接受到来自主库的归档日志：

[[email protected] ~]$ rman target /

RMAN> list archivelog all;

 

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_nameSTD_DB

=====================================================================

 

Key     Thrd Seq     S Low Time

------- ---- ------- - ---------

3       1    9      A 02-MAR-16

        Name:/u01/app/archivelog/testdb/1_9_905435865.dbf

 

1       1    10     A 02-MAR-16

        Name:/u01/app/archivelog/testdb/1_10_905435865.dbf

 

2       1    11     A 02-MAR-16

        Name:/u01/app/archivelog/testdb/1_11_905435865.dbf

 

4       1    12     A 02-MAR-16

        Name:/u01/app/archivelog/testdb/1_12_905435865.dbf

 

5       1    13     A 02-MAR-16

        Name:/u01/app/archivelog/testdb/1_13_905435865.dbf

5.2备库查看日志的应用状态：

SQL> column name format a50;

SQL> set line 200;

SQL> SELECT thread#, sequence#, name, applied FROMv$archived_log order by sequence#;

 

   THREAD#  SEQUENCE# NAME                                               APPLIED

---------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ---------

         1         10 /u01/app/archivelog/testdb/1_10_905435865.dbf      NO

         1         11 /u01/app/archivelog/testdb/1_11_905435865.dbf      NO

5.3备库应用日志

5.3.1应用日志

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database usingcurrent logfile disconnect from session;

5.3.2查看备库日志的应用状态：

SQL> SELECT thread#, sequence#, name, applied FROMv$archived_log order by sequence#;

 

   THREAD#  SEQUENCE# NAME&nb

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