管理系统中的简单分区和文件系统

Posted 2020-09-14

第四单元

管理系统中的简单分区和文件系统

一 查看系统设备信息

1  fdisk   -l    ###显示系统中所有可以使用的设备信息

2  blkid        ###显示系统中正在使用的设备id

3  df          ### 查看已挂载的设备###

二 创建新分区

1  fdisk   -l     ###查看当前磁盘分区信息，主要是分区表信息

如下：

Disk /dev/vda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x00013f3e

 

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/vda1   *        2048    20970332    10484142+  83  Linux

 

Disk /dev/vdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

2  fdisk    /dev/vdb      ###  创建/dev/vdb分区###

  Partprobe         ###同步分区表###

  Cat    /proc/partitions     ##查看磁盘分区，若是有就表示分区划分成功###

  blkid                   ###查看可用的设备###

  mkfs.xfs    /dev/vdb1     ###格式化，磁盘分区如果没有格式化，加上文件系统就不能使用###

Mount    /dev/vdb1   /mnt    ###挂载###

如果想开机自动挂载，编辑/etc/fstab文件，不要在/etc/rc.d/rc.local下编辑，因为它是最后读取的

Vim    /etc/fstab

Mount     -a               ###立即生效####

/dev/vdb1       /mnt       xfs           defaults        0           0

  设备         挂载点     文件系统       参数       不备份    不检测

过程如下：

[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb   

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

 

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

Be careful before using the write command.

 

Device does not contain a recognized partition table

Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x7718cb65.

Command action

   a   toggle a bootable flag

   b   edit bsd disklabel

   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag

   d   delete a partition                 ###删除分区###

   g   create a new empty GPT partition table

   G   create an IRIX (SGI) partition table

   l   list known partition types

   m   print this menu

   n   add a new partition          ###创建分区###

   o   create a new empty DOS partition table

   p   print the partition table               ###显示分区###

   q   quit without saving changes             ###退出###

   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel

   t   change a partition‘s system id         ###修改分区功能id###

   u   change display/entry units

   v   verify the partition table

   w   write table to disk and exit

   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): p

 

Disk /dev/vdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x7718cb65

 

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

 

Command (m for help): n     ##创建一个新分区

Partition type:

   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) ###主分区###

   e   extended      ##扩展分区##

Select (default p): p   ##主分区

Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1

First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048):

Using default value 2048

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-20971519, default 20971519): +1G   ##所划分大小

Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set

Command (m for help): wq      ##保存退出

The partition table has been altered!

 

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[[email protected] ~]# partprobe    ##同步分区表

 

[[email protected] ~]# cat /proc/partitions  ##查看磁盘分区

major minor  #blocks  name

 

 253        0   10485760 vda

 253        1   10484142 vda1

 253       16   10485760 vdb

 253       17     102400 vdb1

 

[[email protected] ~]# blkid   ##查看可用分区

/dev/vda1: UUID="9bf6b9f7-92ad-441b-848e-0257cbb883d1" TYPE="xfs"

/dev/vdb5: UUID="e8fc576b-5c7c-4cba-9541-68d6ecca5958" TYPE="xfs"

[[email protected] ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/vdb3  ##格式化vdb3分区

meta-data=/dev/vdb3              isize=256    agcount=4, agsize=6400 blks

         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1

         =                       crc=0

data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=25600, imaxpct=25

         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks

naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=0

log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=853, version=2

         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1

realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

[[email protected] ~]# blkid  ##查看可用分区

/dev/vda1: UUID="9bf6b9f7-92ad-441b-848e-0257cbb883d1" TYPE="xfs"

/dev/vdb5: UUID="e8fc576b-5c7c-4cba-9541-68d6ecca5958" TYPE="xfs"

/dev/vdb3: UUID="24af62cd-d6a3-4a62-8954-e7e0b9261cfb" TYPE="xfs"  

 

注：主分区一共有四个，如果主分区建完了，那么剩下的空间也不能够建立分区了，因此要想建立超过四个分区，就要将最后一个主分区删除，建成扩展分区，然后就可以在扩展房内去内建立逻辑分区。

三 swap 交换分区

换空间或交换区是磁盘驱动器上的空间，用做当前未使用部分内存的溢出。这样，系统就能在主内存中留出空间用于存储当前正在处理的数据，并在系统面临内存空间不足的风险是提供应急溢出。

（1） 创建swap 分区

      swapon    -s      ###显示当前分区状态###

      Fdisk       /dev/vdb    ###划分分区###

      Partprobe          ###同步分区表###

      mkswap  /dev/vdb1       ###格式化###

      swapon  -a   /dev/vdb1    ###激活分区###

      swapon    -s

 

注意：在wq保存退出之前要更改分区类型，更改为Linux swap

过程如下：

[[email protected] ~]# swapon -s

[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

 

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

Be careful before using the write command.

 

 

Command (m for help): n

Partition type:

   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)

   e   extended

Select (default p): p

Partition number (1-4, default 1):

First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048):

Using default value 2048

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-20971519, default 20971519): +4G

Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 4 GiB is set

 

Command (m for help): p

 

Disk /dev/vdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0xa8f3c8c4

 

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/vdb1            2048     8390655     4194304   83  Linux

 

Command (m for help): t

Selected partition 1

Hex code (type L to list all codes): l

 

 0  Empty           24  NEC DOS         81  Minix / old Lin bf  Solaris        

 1  FAT12           27  Hidden NTFS Win 82  Linux swap / So c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-

 2  XENIX root      39  Plan 9          83  Linux           c4  DRDOS/sec (FAT-

 3  XENIX usr       3c  PartitionMagic  84  OS/2 hidden C:  c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT-

 4  FAT16 <32M      40  Venix 80286     85  Linux extended  c7  Syrinx         

 5  Extended        41  PPC PReP Boot   86  NTFS volume set da  Non-FS data    

 6  FAT16           42  SFS             87  NTFS volume set db  CP/M / CTOS / .

 7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d  QNX4.x          88  Linux plaintext de  Dell Utility   

 8  AIX             4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 8e  Linux LVM       df  BootIt         

 9  AIX bootable    4f  QNX4.x 3rd part 93  Amoeba          e1  DOS access     

 a  OS/2 Boot Manag 50  OnTrack DM      94  Amoeba BBT      e3  DOS R/O        

 b  W95 FAT32       51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f  BSD/OS          e4  SpeedStor      

 c  W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52  CP/M            a0  IBM Thinkpad hi eb  BeOS fs        

 e  W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a5  FreeBSD         ee  GPT            

 f  W95 Ext‘d (LBA) 54  OnTrackDM6      a6  OpenBSD         ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/

10  OPUS            55  EZ-Drive        a7  NeXTSTEP        f0  Linux/PA-RISC b

11  Hidden FAT12    56  Golden Bow      a8  Darwin UFS      f1  SpeedStor      

12  Compaq diagnost 5c  Priam Edisk     a9  NetBSD          f4  SpeedStor      

14  Hidden FAT16 <3 61  SpeedStor       ab  Darwin boot     f2  DOS secondary  

16  Hidden FAT16    63  GNU HURD or Sys af  HFS / HFS+      fb  VMware VMFS    

17  Hidden HPFS/NTF 64  Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fc  VMware VMKCORE

18  AST SmartSleep  65  Novell Netware  b8  BSDI swap       fd  Linux raid auto

1b  Hidden W95 FAT3 70  DiskSecure Mult bb  Boot Wizard hid fe  LANstep        

1c  Hidden W95 FAT3 75  PC/IX           be  Solaris boot    ff  BBT            

1e  Hidden W95 FAT1 80  Old Minix      

Hex code (type L to list all codes): 82

Changed type of partition ‘Linux‘ to ‘Linux swap / Solaris‘

Command (m for help): wq

The partition table has been altered!

 

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[[email protected] ~]# partprobe

[[email protected] ~]# mkswap /dev/vdb2

Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 1048572 KiB

no label, UUID=e003521f-7ee7-432f-bef9-27b9cdc8afa9

[[email protected] ~]# swapon -a /dev/vdb2

[[email protected] ~]# swapon -s

FilenameTypeSizeUsedPriority

/dev/vdb1                              partition41943000-1

/dev/vdb2                              partition10485720-2

Priority ：优先级，-1比-2优先级高

（2） 修改swap 分区优先级

1 直接在激活分区时修改

  swapoff    /dev/vdb2                ###将/dev/vdb2停用###

      swapon   -a    /dev/vdb2   -p    1     ###修改优先级为1###

      swapon   -s                            

过程如下：

[[email protected] ~]# swapoff /dev/vdb2

[[email protected] ~]# swapon -a /dev/vdb2 -p 1

[[email protected] ~]# swapon -s

FilenameTypeSizeUsedPriority

/dev/vdb1                              partition41943000-1

/dev/vdb2                              partition104857201

2  在/etc/fstab下修改

  swapoff     /dev/vdb2    ###将/dev/vdb2停用###

      swapoff    /dev/vdb1    ###将/dev/vdb1停用###

      vim     /etc/fstab         编辑/etc/fstab

      swapon    -a          ###识别并立即生效###

      Swapon     -s

      /etc/fstab下编辑的内容：

 /dev/vdb1      swap       swap       defaults    0     0

/dev/vdb2      swap       swap       defaults，pri=1    0     0

不用写挂载点

过程如下：

[[email protected] ~]# swapoff     /dev/vdb2

[[email protected] ~]# swapoff  /dev/vdb1

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/fstab

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/fstab

[[email protected] ~]# swapon -a

[[email protected] ~]# swapon -s

FilenameTypeSizeUsedPriority

/dev/vdb1                              partition41943000-1

/dev/vdb2                              partition10485720 1

 

（3） 删除swap分区

     swapon    -a  

     Swapoff     /dev/vdb{1,2}     ###停用###

     vim     /etc/fstab             ###删除刚才写的内容###

     fdisk   /dev/vdb           ###删除分区###

过程如下：

 

[[email protected] ~]# swapon -a

[[email protected] ~]# swapoff /dev/vdb{1,2}

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/fstab

[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

 

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

Be careful before using the write command.

 

 

Command (m for help): d

Partition number (1,2, default 2): 1

Partition 1 is deleted

 

Command (m for help): d

Selected partition 2

Partition 2 is deleted

 

Command (m for help): wq   

The partition table has been altered!

 

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[[email protected] ~]# partprobe

[[email protected] ~]# cat /proc/partitions

major minor  #blocks  name

 

 253        0   10485760 vda

 253        1   10484142 vda1

 253       16   10485760 vdb

 

四 磁盘配额

fdisk     /dev/vdb     ###划分分区###

Partprobe             ###同步分区表###

Mkfs.xfs     /dev/vdb1     ###格式化###

测试：

Mkdir     /pub

mount   -o    usrquota,grpquota    /dev/vdb1   /pub/  ###要用磁盘配额的参数（-o）去挂载 -o usrquota,grpquota ：指对用户和组进行磁盘配额#######

ls   -ld    /pub/

chmod  777  /pub/

quotaon  -ugv  /dev/vdb1    ######指对用户和组激活，-v指显示激活过程。######

Edquota  -u   westos        ######设定westos的磁盘额####

 

内容：(Disk quotas for user westos (uid 1001):

  Filesystem       blocks     soft       hard     inodes     soft   hard

  /dev/vdb1         0           0       204800      2         0       0

 Blocks指原有的文件内容大小，inodes指文件个数，hard指你要限定的额度。                                   

 

Su  -  westos

dd   if=/dev/zero   of=/pub/file   bs=1M   count=20

dd   if=/dev/zero     of=/pub/file1     bs=10M     count=21     

过程如下：

fdisk /dev/vdb

Command (m for help): n

Partition type:

   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)

   e   extended

Select (default p): p

Partition number (1-4, default 1):

First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048):

Using default value 2048

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-20971519, default 20971519): +1G

Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set

 

Command (m for help): wq

The partition table has been altered!

 

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[[email protected] ~]# partprobe

[[email protected] ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/vdb1

mkfs.xfs: /dev/vdb1 appears to contain an existing filesystem (swap).

mkfs.xfs: Use the -f option to force overwrite.

[[email protected] ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/vdb1 -f

meta-data=/dev/vdb1              isize=256    agcount=4, agsize=65536 blks

         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1

         =                       crc=0

data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=262144, imaxpct=25

         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks

naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=0

log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2

         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1

realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

[[email protected] ~]# blkid

/dev/vda1: UUID="9bf6b9f7-92ad-441b-848e-0257cbb883d1" TYPE="xfs"

/dev/vdb1: UUID="aef5c924-3e58-4032-978a-c0eeaa6e5011" TYPE="xfs"

[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /pub

[[email protected] ~]# mount -o usrquota,grpquota /dev/vdb1 /pub/  ###要用磁盘配额的参数（-o）去挂载 -o usrquota,grpquota ：指对用户和组进行磁盘配额#######

 

[[email protected] ~]# ls -ld /pub/                        ###一定要先挂载，再修改权限#####

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 22 01:45 /pub/

[[email protected] ~]# chmod 777 /pub/

[[email protected] ~]# ls -ld /pub/

drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 6 Apr 22 01:45 /pub/

[[email protected] ~]# quotaon -ugv /dev/vdb1    ######指对用户和组激活，-v指显示激活过程。######

quotaon: Enforcing group quota already on /dev/vdb1

quotaon: Enforcing user quota already on /dev/vdb1

[[email protected] ~]# edquota -u westos        ######设定westos的磁盘额

[[email protected] ~]# su - westos

[[email protected] ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/pub/file bs=1M count=20

20+0 records in

20+0 records out

20971520 bytes (21 MB) copied, 0.0232917 s, 900 MB/s

[[email protected] ~]$ du -sh /pub/file

20M/pub/file

[[email protected] ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/pub/file1 bs=10M count=21  

dd: error writing ‘/pub/file1’: Disk quota exceeded    ######

19+0 records in

18+0 records out

188743680 bytes (189 MB) copied, 0.488675 s, 386 MB/s

 

五 磁盘阵列（raid）

加快读取的速度

Raid 1 ：加快读的速度

Raid 0 :  加快写的速度

1 创建raid

在/proc/mdstat查看raid的信息

Fdisk      /dev/vdb     ###创建分区，至少要三个###

注意：在wq保存之前要修改分区类型为raid

Partprobe

mdadm  -C  /dev/md0  -a  yes  -l  1  -n  2  -x  1  /dev/vdb{1..3}

-C：指创建

/dev/md0：raid设备

-a   yes   ：指原本文件不存在，现在要创建出来

-l 1　　：指raid 1

-n  2   :使用两块分区

-x   1   ：闲置一块

/dev/vdb{1..3} ：使用的分区

Mkfs.xfs      /dev/md0       ###格式化###

mount   /dev/md0     /mnt/   ###挂载###

过程如下：

[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

 

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

Be careful before using the write command.

 

 

Command (m for help): n

Partition type:

   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)

   e   extended

Select (default p): p

Partition number (1-4, default 1):  

First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048):

Using default value 2048

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-20971519, default 20971519): +1G

Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set

 

Command (m for help): n

Partition type:

   p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)

   e   extended

Select (default p): p

Partition number (2-4, default 2):

First sector (2099200-20971519, default 2099200):

Using default value 2099200

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2099200-20971519, default 20971519): +1G

Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set

 

Command (m for help): n

Partition type:

   p   primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)

   e   extended

Select (default p): p

Partition number (3,4, default 3):

First sector (4196352-20971519, default 4196352):

Using default value 4196352

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (4196352-20971519, default 20971519): +1G

Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set

 

Command (m for help): t     

Hex code (type L to list all codes): fd

Changed type of partition ‘Linux‘ to ‘Linux raid autodetect‘

 

Command (m for help): t

Partition number (1-3, default 3): 2

Hex code (type L to list all codes): fd

Changed type of partition ‘Linux‘ to ‘Linux raid autodetect‘

 

Command (m for help): t

Partition number (1-3, default 3): 3

Hex code (type L to list all codes): fd

Changed type of partition ‘Linux‘ to ‘Linux raid autodetect‘

 

Command (m for help): wq

The partition table has been altered!

 

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[[email protected] ~]# partprobe

[[email protected] ~]# cat /proc/partitions

major minor  #blocks  name

 

 253        0   10485760 vda

 253        1   10484142 vda1

 253       16   10485760 vdb

 253       17    1048576 vdb1

 253       18    1048576 vdb2

 253       19    1048576 vdb3

[[email protected] ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md0 -a yes -l 1 -n 2 -x 1 /dev/vdb{1..3}

mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and

    may not be suitable as a boot device.  If you plan to

    store ‘/boot‘ on this device please ensure that

    your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use

    --metadata=0.90

Continue creating array? y

mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata

mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.

[[email protected] ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/md0

meta-data=/dev/md0               isize=256    agcount=4, agsize=65500 blks

         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1

         =                       crc=0

data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=262000, imaxpct=25

         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks

naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=0

log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=853, version=2

         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1

realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

[[email protected] ~]# mount /dev/md0 /mnt/

[[email protected] ~]# df

Filesystem     1K-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on

/dev/vda1       10473900 3153448   7320452  31% /

devtmpfs          927072       0    927072   0% /dev

tmpfs             942660     472    942188   1% /dev/shm

tmpfs             942660   17080    925580   2% /run

tmpfs             942660       0    942660   0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/md0         1044588   32928   1011660   4% /mnt

[[email protected] ~]# df -h

Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/vda1        10G  3.1G  7.0G  31% /

devtmpfs        906M     0  906M   0% /dev

tmpfs           921M  472K  921M   1% /dev/shm

tmpfs           921M   17M  904M   2% /run

tmpfs           921M     0  921M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/md0       1021M   33M  988M   4% /mnt

 

2 Mdadm的一些参数

mdadm   -D    /dev/md0      ###查看raid 状态###

mdadm   -f    /dev/md0     /dev/vdb2   ###使/dev/vdb2不能用####

Mdadm    -r     /dev/md0    /dev/vdb2    ###删除#####

mdadm    -a    /dev/md0     /dev/vdb2    ###添加####

监控命令：

Watch   -n   1     Cat     /proc/mdstst

过程如下：

 

[[email protected] ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0   #####查看raid 状态#####

/dev/md0:

        Version : 1.2

  Creation Time : Sat Apr 22 02:44:17 2017

     Raid Level : raid1

     Array Size : 1048000 (1023.61 MiB 1073.15 MB)

  Used Dev Size : 1048000 (1023.61 MiB 1073.15 MB)

   Raid Devices : 2

  Total Devices : 3

    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

 

    Update Time : Sat Apr 22 02:53:16 2017

          State : clean

 Active Devices : 2

Working Devices : 3

 Failed Devices : 0

  Spare Devices : 1

 

           Name : localhost:0  (local to host localhost)

           UUID : f06a5e38:cc4a82f0:2dac3467:b47f207d

         Events : 17

 

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State

       0     253       17        0      active sync   /dev/vdb1  ###工作##

       1     253       18        1      active sync   /dev/vdb2 ###工作###

 

       2     253       19        -      spare   /dev/vdb3     ###闲置###

[[email protected] ~]# mdadm -f /dev/md0 /dev/vdb2   

mdadm: set /dev/vdb2 faulty in /dev/md0

[[email protected] ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0           

/dev/md0:

        Version : 1.2

  Creation Time : Sat Apr 22 02:44:17 2017

     Raid Level : raid1

     Array Size : 1048000 (1023.61 MiB 1073.15 MB)

  Used Dev Size : 1048000 (1023.61 MiB 1073.15 MB)

   Raid Devices : 2

  Total Devices : 3

    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

 

    Update Time : Sat Apr 22 02:54:46 2017

          State : clean

 Active Devices : 2

Working Devices : 2

 Failed Devices : 1

  Spare Devices : 0

 

           Name : localhost:0  (local to host localhost)

           UUID : f06a5e38:cc4a82f0:2dac3467:b47f207d

         Events : 36

 

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State

       0     253       17        0      active sync   /dev/vdb1

       2     253       19        1      active sync   /dev/vdb3

 

       1     253       18        -      faulty   /dev/vdb2

[[email protected] ~]# mdadm -r /dev/md0  /dev/vdb2    ###删除#####

mdadm: hot removed /dev/vdb2 from /dev/md0

[[email protected] ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0

/dev/md0:

        Version : 1.2

  Creation Time : Sat Apr 22 02:44:17 2017

     Raid Level : raid1

     Array Size : 1048000 (1023.61 MiB 1073.15 MB)

  Used Dev Size : 1048000 (1023.61 MiB 1073.15 MB)

   Raid Devices : 2

  Total Devices : 2

    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

 

    Update Time : Sat Apr 22 02:55:48 2017

          State : clean

 Active Devices : 2

Working Devices : 2

 Failed Devices : 0

  Spare Devices : 0

 

           Name : localhost:0  (local to host localhost)

           UUID : f06a5e38:cc4a82f0:2dac3467:b47f207d

         Events : 37

 

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State

       0     253       17        0      active sync   /dev/vdb1

       2     253       19        1      active sync   /dev/vdb3

[[email protected] ~]# mdadm -a /dev/md0 /dev/vdb2    ###添加####

mdadm: added /dev/vdb2

[[email protected] ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0

/dev/md0:

        Version : 1.2

  Creation Time : Sat Apr 22 02:44:17 2017

     Raid Level : raid1

     Array Size : 1048000 (1023.61 MiB 1073.15 MB)

  Used Dev Size : 1048000 (1023.61 MiB 1073.15 MB)

   Raid Devices : 2

  Total Devices : 3

    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

 

    Update Time : Sat Apr 22 02:56:47 2017

          State : clean

 Active Devices : 2

Working Devices : 3

 Failed Devices : 0

  Spare Devices : 1

 

           Name : localhost:0  (local to host localhost)

           UUID : f06a5e38:cc4a82f0:2dac3467:b47f207d

         Events : 38

 

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State

       0     253       17        0      active sync   /dev/vdb1

       2     253       19        1      active sync   /dev/vdb3

 

       3     253       18        -      spare   /dev/vdb2

3  删除raid

umount      /mnt/                           ###卸载####

mdadm    -D      /dev/md0                   ###查看状态###

Mdadm    -S     /dev/md0                   ####停止工作####

Fdisk      /dev/vdb                           ###删除分区#####

partprobe                                    ###同步分区表###

过程如下:

[[email protected] ~]# df

Filesystem     1K-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on

/dev/vda1       10473900 3153660   7320240  31% /

devtmpfs          927072       0    927072   0% /dev

tmpfs             942660     472    942188   1% /dev/shm

tmpfs             942660   17112    925548   2% /run

tmpfs             942660       0    942660   0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/md0         1044588   32928   1011660   4% /mnt

[[email protected] ~]# umount /mnt/                   ###卸载####

[[email protected] ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0              ###查看状态###

/dev/md0:

        Version : 1.2

  Creation Time : Sat Apr 22 02:44:17 2017

     Raid Level : raid1

     Array Size : 1048000 (1023.61 MiB 1073.15 MB)

  Used Dev Size : 1048000 (1023.61 MiB 1073.15 MB)

   Raid Devices : 2

  Total Devices : 3

    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

 

    Update Time : Sat Apr 22 03:03:55 2017

          State : clean

 Active Devices : 2

Working Devices : 3

 Failed Devices : 0

  Spare Devices : 1

 

           Name : localhost:0  (local to host localhost)

           UUID : f06a5e38:cc4a82f0:2dac3467:b47f207d

         Events : 38

 

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State

       0     253       17        0      active sync   /dev/vdb1

       2     253       19        1      active sync   /dev/vdb3

 

       3     253       18        -      spare   /dev/vdb2

[[email protected] ~]# mdadm -S /dev/md0                   ####停止工作####

mdadm: stopped /dev/md0

[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb                      ###删除分区#####

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

 

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

Be careful before using the write command.

 

 

Command (m for help): d

Partition number (1-3, default 3): 3

Partition 3 is deleted

 

Command (m for help): d

Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2

Partition 2 is deleted

 

Command (m for help): d

Selected partition 1

Partition 1 is deleted

 

Command (m for help): wq

The partition table has been altered!

 

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[[email protected] ~]# partprobe