T4语法快速入门
Posted 积少成多
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1.什么是T4?
T4,即4个T开头的英文字母组合:Text Template Transformation Toolkit。T4(Text Template Transformation Toolkit)是微软官方在VisualStudio 2008中开始使用的代码生成引擎。简单的说就是可以根据模板生成你想要的文件,可以使类文件,文本文件,html等等。
2.vs插件的安装
T4的编辑工具下载地址http://t4-editor.tangible-engineering.com/Download_T4Editor_Plus_ModelingTools.html
VS默认的编辑工具无高亮,无提示,错误不易定位。 没这个工具,真心不想写任何T4代码。
3.T4语法
<# 标准控制块 #> 可以包含语句。 <#= 表达式控制块 #> 可以包含表达式。 <#+ 类特征控制块 #> 可以包含方法、字段和属性,就像一个类的内部 <#@ 指令 属性=“值”#>
3.1.标准控制块
<#@ template debug="false" hostspecific="false" language="C#" #> <#@ import namespace="System" #> <#@ output extension=".txt" #> <# int a=10; string b = "20"; DateTime c = DateTime.Now; for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { #> 测试 <# } #>
3.2.表达式控制块
<#@ template debug="false" hostspecific="false" language="C#" #> <#@ import namespace="System" #> <#@ output extension=".txt" #> <# int a=10; string b = "20"; DateTime c = DateTime.Now; for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { #> 测试<#=i#> <#=string.Format("{0},{1},{2}",a,b,c)#> <# } #>
3.3.类特征控制块
<#@ template debug="false" hostspecific="false" language="C#" #> <#@ import namespace="System" #> <#@ import namespace="System.Collections.Generic" #> <#@ output extension=".txt" #> <# int a=10; string b = "20"; DateTime c = DateTime.Now; for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { #> 测试<#=i#> <#=string.Format("{0},{1},{2}",a,b,c)#> <#=1+1#> <#=config.TableName#> <# } #> <#+ public class config { public static readonly string ConnectionString = "Data Source=(local);Initial Catalog=NFineBase;User ID=sa;Password=hjf19870810;"; public static readonly string DbDatabase = "NFineBase"; public static readonly string TableName = "Sys_Test"; } #>
3.4.指令
<#@ output extension=".cs" #> 告诉T4引擎生成文件的后缀名是.cs; <#@ template debug="false" hostspecific="false" language="C#" #> langeuage:输出语言,有效值C#、VB,默认为C# debug:是否启用调试,有效值true、false,默认为false。 hostspecific:有效值true、false,默认为false。如果将此特性的值设置为 true,则会将名为 Host 的属性添加到由文本模板生成的类中。 该属性是对转换引擎的宿主的引用,并声明为Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.ITextTemplatingEngineHost。 inherits:可以指定模板的程序代码可以继承自另一个类,这个类也可以从文本模板生成。目前木有使用过,基本上可以忽略 <#@ assembly name="System"#> 告诉T4引擎编译运行时引用System程序集 <#@ import namespace="System.Data"#> 告诉T4引擎编译运行时引用某个名称空间。
3.5.实战
<#+ public class DbHelper { public static readonly string connectionString="Data Source=GZPC0114;User ID=sa;Password=abc.123;persist security info=False;initial catalog=suibao_jz_db;"; //public static readonly string connectionString="Data Source=192.168.10.135;User ID=sa;Password=111111;persist security info=False;initial catalog=suibao_jz_db;"; public static readonly string database="suibao_jz_db"; #region GetDbTables public static List<DbTable> GetDbTables() { string tables = null; if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(tables)) { tables = string.Format(" and obj.name in (\'{0}\')", tables.Replace(",", "\',\'")); } #region SQL string sql = string.Format(@"SELECT obj.name tablename, schem.name schemname, CAST ( CASE WHEN (SELECT COUNT(1) FROM sys.indexes WHERE object_id= obj.OBJECT_ID AND is_primary_key=1) >=1 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END AS BIT) HasPrimaryKey from {0}.sys.objects obj INNER JOIN {0}.sys.schemas schem ON obj.schema_id=schem.schema_id where type=\'U\' or type=\'V\' {1} order by obj.name", database, tables); #endregion DataTable dt = GetDataTable(sql); return dt.Rows.Cast<DataRow>().Select(row => new DbTable { TableName = row.Field<string>("tablename"), SchemaName = row.Field<string>("schemname"), HasPrimaryKey = row.Field<bool>("HasPrimaryKey") }).ToList(); } #endregion #region GetDbColumns public static List<DbColumn> GetDbColumns(string tableName, string schema = "dbo") { #region SQL string sql = string.Format(@" WITH indexCTE AS ( SELECT ic.column_id, ic.index_column_id, ic.object_id FROM {0}.sys.indexes idx INNER JOIN {0}.sys.index_columns ic ON idx.index_id = ic.index_id AND idx.object_id = ic.object_id WHERE idx.object_id =OBJECT_ID(@tableName) AND idx.is_primary_key=1 ) select colm.column_id ColumnID, CAST(CASE WHEN indexCTE.column_id IS NULL THEN 0 ELSE 1 END AS BIT) IsPrimaryKey, colm.name ColumnName, systype.name ColumnType, colm.is_identity IsIdentity, colm.is_nullable IsNullable, cast(colm.max_length as int) ByteLength, ( case when systype.name=\'nvarchar\' and colm.max_length>0 then colm.max_length/2 when systype.name=\'nchar\' and colm.max_length>0 then colm.max_length/2 when systype.name=\'ntext\' and colm.max_length>0 then colm.max_length/2 else colm.max_length end ) CharLength, cast(colm.precision as int) Precision, cast(colm.scale as int) Scale, prop.value Remark from {0}.sys.columns colm inner join {0}.sys.types systype on colm.system_type_id=systype.system_type_id and colm.user_type_id=systype.user_type_id left join {0}.sys.extended_properties prop on colm.object_id=prop.major_id and colm.column_id=prop.minor_id LEFT JOIN indexCTE ON colm.column_id=indexCTE.column_id AND colm.object_id=indexCTE.object_id where colm.object_id=OBJECT_ID(@tableName) order by colm.column_id", database); #endregion SqlParameter param = new SqlParameter("@tableName", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 100) { Value = string.Format("{0}.{1}.{2}", database, schema, tableName) }; DataTable dt = GetDataTable(sql, param); return dt.Rows.Cast<DataRow>().Select(row => new DbColumn() { ColumnID = row.Field<int>("ColumnID"), IsPrimaryKey = row.Field<bool>("IsPrimaryKey"), ColumnName = row.Field<string>("ColumnName"), ColumnType = row.Field<string>("ColumnType"), IsIdentity = row.Field<bool>("IsIdentity"), IsNullable = row.Field<bool>("IsNullable"), ByteLength = row.Field<int>("ByteLength"), CharLength = row.Field<int>("CharLength"), Scale = row.Field<int>("Scale"), Remark = row["Remark"].ToString() }).ToList(); } #endregion #region GetDataTable public static DataTable GetDataTable(string commandText, params SqlParameter[] parms) { using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { SqlCommand command = connection.CreateCommand(); command.CommandText = commandText; command.Parameters.AddRange(parms); SqlDataAdapter adapter = new SqlDataAdapter(command); DataTable dt = new DataTable(); adapter.Fill(dt); return dt; } } #endregion } #region DbTable /// <summary> /// 表结构 /// </summary> public sealed class DbTable { /// <summary> /// 表名称 /// </summary> public string TableName { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 表的架构 /// </summary> public string SchemaName { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 表的记录数 /// </summary> public int Rows { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 是否含有主键 /// </summary> public bool HasPrimaryKey { get; set; } } #endregion #region DbColumn /// <summary> /// 表字段结构 /// </summary> public sealed class DbColumn { /// <summary> /// 字段ID /// </summary> public int ColumnID { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 是否主键 /// </summary> public bool IsPrimaryKey { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 字段名称 /// </summary> public string ColumnName { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 字段类型 /// </summary> public string ColumnType { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 数据库类型对应的C#类型 /// </summary> public string CSharpType { get { return SqlServerDbTypeMap.MapCsharpType(ColumnType); } } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> public Type CommonType { get { return SqlServerDbTypeMap.MapCommonType(ColumnType); } } /// <summary> /// 字节长度 /// </summary> public int ByteLength { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 字符长度 /// </summary> public int CharLength { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 小数位 /// </summary> public int Scale { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 是否自增列 /// </summary> public bool IsIdentity { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 是否允许空 /// </summary> public bool IsNullable { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 描述 /// </summary> public string Remark { get; set; } } #endregion #region SqlServerDbTypeMap public class SqlServerDbTypeMap { public static string MapCsharpType(string dbtype) { if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(dbtype)) return dbtype; dbtype = dbtype.ToLower(); string csharpType = "object"; switch (dbtype) { case "bigint": csharpType = "long"; break; case "binary": csharpType = "byte[]"; break; case "bit": csharpType = "bool"; break; case "char": csharpType = "string"; break; case "date": csharpType = "DateTime"; break; case "datetime": csharpType = "DateTime"; break; case "datetime2": csharpType = "DateTime"; break; case "datetimeoffset": csharpType = "DateTimeOffset"; break; case "decimal": csharpType = "decimal"; break; case "float": csharpType = "double"; break; case "image": csharpType = "byte[]"; break; case "int": csharpType = "int"; break; case "money": csharpType = "decimal"; break; case "nchar": csharpType = "string"; break; case "ntext": csharpType = "string"; break; case "numeric": csharpType = "decimal"; break; case "nvarchar": csharpType = "string"; break; case "real": csharpType = "Single"; break; case "smalldatetime": csharpType = "DateTime"; break; case "smallint": csharpType = "short"; break; case "smallmoney": csharpType = "decimal"; break; case "sql_variant": csharpType = "object"; break; case "sysname": csharpType = "object"; break; case "text": csharpType = "string"; break; case "time": csharpType = "TimeSpan"; break; case "timestamp": csharpType = "byte[]"; break; case "tinyint": csharpType = "byte"; break; case "uniqueidentifier": csharpType = "Guid"; break; case "varbinary": csharpType = "byte[]"; break; case "varchar": csharpType = "string"; break; case "xml": csharpType = "string"; break; default: csharpType = "object"; break; } return csharpType; } public static Type MapCommonType(string dbtype) { if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(dbtype)) return Type.Missing.GetType(); dbtype = dbtype.ToLower(); Type commonType = typeof(object); switch (dbtype) { case "bigint": commonType = typeof(long); break; case "binary": commonType = typeof(byte[]); break; case "bit": commonType = typeof(bool); break; case "char": commonType = typeof(string); break; case "date": commonType = typeof(DateTime); break; case "datetime": commonType = typeof(DateTime); break; case "datetime2": commonType = typeof(DateTime); break; case "datetimeoffset": commonType = typeof(DateTimeOffset); break; case "decimal": commonType = typeof(decimal); break; case "float": commonType = typeof(double); break; case "image": commonType = typeof(byte[]); break; case "int": commonType = typeof(int); break; case "money": commonType = typeof(decimal); break; case "nchar": commonType = typeof(string); break; case "ntext": commonType = typeof(string); break; case "numeric": commonType = typeof(decimal); break; case "以上是关于T4语法快速入门的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章