马哥第七次作业
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系统的INPUT和OUTPUT默认策略为DROP,请完成以下关于iptables的题目;
1、限制本地主机的web服务器在周一不允许访问;新请求的速率不能超过100个每秒;web服务器包含了admin字符串的页面不允许访问;web服务器仅允许响应报文离开本机;
答:
iptables -A INPUT -d 192.168.2.35 -p tcp --dport 80 -m time --weekdays Mon -m limit --limit 100/second -m string --algo kmp --string "admin" -j DROP
iptables -A OUTPUT -m state --state ESTABLISED -j ACCEPT
2、在工作时间,即周一到周五的8:30-18:00,开放本机的ftp服务给172.16.0.0网络中的主机访问;数据下载请求的次数每分钟不得超过5个;
答:
# iptables -A INPUT -s 172.16.0.0/16 -p tcp --dport 21 -m time --timestart 08:30 --timestop 18:00 --weekdays Mon,Tue,Wed,Thu,Fri -m limit --limit 5/minute -j ACCEPT
# iptables -A OUTPUT -d 172.16.0.0/16 -p tcp --sport 20 -j ACCEPT
# iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
3、开放本机的ssh服务给172.16.x.1-172.16.x.100中的主机,x为你的座位号,新请求建立的速率一分钟不得超过2个;仅允许响应报文通过其服务端口离开本机;
答:
# iptables -A INPUT -d 172.16.6.10 -p tcp --dport 22 -m iprange --src-range 172.16.6.1-192.168.6.100 -m limit --limit 2/min -j ACCEPT
# iptables -A OUTPUT -s 172.16.6.10 -p tcp --sport 22 -m iprange --dst-range 172.16.6.1-192.168.6.100 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
4、拒绝TCP标志位全部为1及全部为0的报文访问本机;
答:
#iptables -A INPUT -d 192.168.2.35 -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL ALL -j DROP
#iptables -A INPUT -d 192.168.2.35 -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL NONE -j DROP
5、允许本机ping别的主机;但不开放别的主机ping本机;
答:
#iptables -A OUTPUT -s 192.168.2.35 -p icmp --icmp-type 8 -j ACCEPT
#iptables -A INPUT -d 192.168.2.35 -p icmp --icmp-type 0 -j DROP
6、判断下述规则的意义:
答:
# iptables -N clean_in
创建自定义链 clean_in
# iptables -A clean_in -d 255.255.255.255 -p icmp -j DROP
丢弃ICMP的广播报文
# iptables -A clean_in -d 172.16.255.255 -p icmp -j DROP
丢弃172.16.0.0/16网段的ICMP的广播报文
# iptables -A clean_in -p tcp ! --syn -m state --state NEW -j DROP
丢弃TCP报文中syn标志不为1,链接状态为新建链接的包
# iptables -A clean_in -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL ALL -j DROP
丢弃tcp报文中标志位全部为1的报文
# iptables -A clean_in -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL NONE -j DROP
丢弃tcp报文中标志位全部为0的报文
# iptables -A clean_in -d 172.16.100.7 -j RETURN
在结束clean_in链过滤后回到主链
# iptables -A INPUT -d 172.16.100.7 -j clean_in
目标为172.16.100.7的报文交给clean_in处理
# iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
指定流入报文接口为本地回环
# iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT
指定流出报文接口为本地回环
# iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -m multiport -p tcp --dports 53,113,135,137,139,445 -j DROP
丢弃从eth0接口进入,目标端口为:53,113,135,137,139,445的TCP报文
# iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -m multiport -p udp --dports 53,113,135,137,139,445 -j DROP
丢弃从eth0接口进入,目标端口为:53,113,135,137,139,445的UDP报文
# iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p udp --dport 1026 -j DROP
丢弃从eth0接口进入,目标端口为1026的UDP报文
# iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -m multiport -p tcp --dports 1433,4899 -j DROP
丢弃从eth0接口进入,目标端口为:1433,4899的TCP报文
# iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -m limit --limit 10/second -j ACCEPT
限定ping速率为每秒10次
7、通过tcp_wrapper控制vsftpd仅允许172.16.0.0/255.255.0.0网络中的主机访问,但172.16.100.3除外;对所被被拒绝的访问尝试都记录在/var/log/tcp_wrapper.log日志文件中;
答:
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/hosts.allow
vsftpd:172.16.0.0/255.255.0.0 EXCEPT 172.16.100.3
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/hosts.deny
vsftpd:ALL :spawn /bin/echo `date` login attempt from %c to %s, %d >> /var/log/tcp_wrapper.log
8、删除/boot/grub/grub.conf文件中所有行的行首的空白字符;
答:
查看文件内容:
[[email protected] grub]# cat grub.conf
# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that
# all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.
# root (hd0,0)
# kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/sda2
# initrd /initrd-[generic-]version.img
#boot=/dev/sda
default=0
timeout=5
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title CentOS 6 (2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64 ro root=UUID=a55b9a39-c9a3-4908-aaed-2b930a8344cc rd_NO_LUKS KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_MD crashkernel=auto LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 rd_NO_LVM rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet
initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64.img
使用sed命令删除grub.conf文件中所有行的行首的空白字符(使用 -i选项可直接修原文件,此处只作演示。)
[[email protected] grub]# sed ‘[email protected]^[[:space:]]\[email protected]@‘ grub.conf
# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that
# all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.
# root (hd0,0)
# kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/sda2
# initrd /initrd-[generic-]version.img
#boot=/dev/sda
default=0
timeout=5
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title CentOS 6 (2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64 ro root=UUID=a55b9a39-c9a3-4908-aaed-2b930a8344cc rd_NO_LUKS KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_MD crashkernel=auto LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 rd_NO_LVM rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet
initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64.img
9、删除/etc/fstab文件中所有以#开头,后跟至少一个空白字符的行的行首的#和空白字符;
答:
查看文件内容:
[[email protected] etc]# cat fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Tue Mar 28 19:48:55 2017
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk‘
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=a55b9a39-c9a3-4908-aaed-2b930a8344cc / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=53a40663-7787-4f8d-8aea-424359f4267e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
UUID=5e15512e-d152-4e2e-ba1a-8f1235466b70 swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
使用sed命令删除:
[[email protected] etc]# sed ‘[email protected]^#[[:space:]]\[email protected]@‘ fstab
#
/etc/fstab
Created by anaconda on Tue Mar 28 19:48:55 2017
#
Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk‘
See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=a55b9a39-c9a3-4908-aaed-2b930a8344cc / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=53a40663-7787-4f8d-8aea-424359f4267e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
UUID=5e15512e-d152-4e2e-ba1a-8f1235466b70 swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
10、把/etc/fstab文件的奇数行另存为/tmp/fstab.3;
答:
[[email protected] etc]# sed ‘n;d‘ fstab > /tmp/fstab.3
[[email protected] etc]# cat /tmp/fstab.3
# /etc/fstab
#
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
UUID=a55b9a39-c9a3-4908-aaed-2b930a8344cc / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=5e15512e-d152-4e2e-ba1a-8f1235466b70 swap swap defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
11、echo一个文件路径给sed命令,取出其基名;进一步地,取出其路径名;
答:
取出其基名:
[[email protected] ~]# echo "/usr/local/sbin" | sed ‘s#/.*/##‘
sbin
取出其路径名:
[[email protected] ~]# echo "/usr/local/sbin" | sed ‘s#[^/]\+/\?$##‘
/usr/local/
12、统计当前系统上所有tcp连接的各种状态的个数;
答:
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -nat | awk ‘FNR>2{print $NF}‘ | sort | uniq -c
3 ESTABLISHED
10 LISTEN
13、统计指定的web访问日志中各ip的资源访问次数:
答:
[[email protected] ~]# cat /var/log/httpd/www2.access | cut -d‘ ‘ -f1 | sort | uniq -c
119 192.168.1.102
2 192.168.1.106
14、授权centos用户可以运行fdisk命令完成磁盘管理,以及使用mkfs或mke2fs实现文件系统管理;
答:
[[email protected] etc]# visudo
centos ALL=(root) /sbin/fdisk, /sbin/mke2fs
15、授权gentoo用户可以运行逻辑卷管理的相关命令;
答:
[[email protected] etc]# visudo
gentoo ALL=(root) /sbin/lvm
16、基于pam_time.so模块,限制用户通过sshd服务远程登录只能在工作时间进行;
答:
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/pam.d/sshd
在account required pam_nologin.so上插入一行:
account required pam_time.so
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/security/time.conf
*;*;*;MoTuWeThFr0800-1700
17、基于pam_listfile.so模块,定义仅某些用户,或某些组内的用户可登录系统;
答:
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/AllowedUser
[[email protected] ~]# chmod 600 /etc/AllowedUser
再编辑/etc/pam.d/sshd文件,加入以下一行内容:
auth required pam_listfile.so item=user sense=allow file=/etc/AllowedUser onerr=succeed
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