WCF消息压缩

Posted 2020-09-08 yswenli

对于WCF应用来说，传输前压缩请求消息和回复消息，不但可以降低网络流量，也可以提高网络传输的性能

一、消息压缩方案
二、用于数据压缩与解压缩组件
三、用于消息压缩与解压的组件
四、用于对请求/回复消息压缩和解压缩的组件
五、将CompressionMessageFormatter用于WCF运行时框架的操作行为
六、查看结构压缩后的消息
七、扩展

 

一、消息压缩方案
　　消息压缩在WCF中的实现其实很简单，我们只需要在消息（请求消息/回复消息）被序列化之后，发送之前进行压缩；在接收之后，反序列化之前进行解压缩即可。针对压缩/解压缩使用的时机，有三种典型的解决方案。通过自定义MessageEncoder和MessageEncodingBindingElement 来完成。

1.将编码后的字节流压缩传输

2.创建用于压缩和解压缩的信道

3. 自定义MessageFormatter实现序列化后的压缩和法序列化前的解压缩

这里要介绍的解决方案3。　　

二、用于数据压缩与解压缩组件
　　我们支持两种方式的压缩，Dflate和GZip。两种不同的压缩算法通过如下定义的CompressionAlgorithm枚举表示。

1     public enum CompressionAlgorithm
2     {
3         GZip,
4         Deflate
5     }

而如下定义的DataCompressor负责基于上述两种压缩算法实际上的压缩和解压缩工作。

 1     internal class DataCompressor
 2     {
 3         public static byte[] Compress(byte[] decompressedData, CompressionAlgorithm algorithm)
 4         {
 5             using (MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream())
 6             {
 7                 if (algorithm == CompressionAlgorithm.Deflate)
 8                 {
 9                     GZipStream stream2 = new GZipStream(stream, CompressionMode.Compress, true);
10                     stream2.Write(decompressedData, 0, decompressedData.Length);
11                     stream2.Close();
12                 }
13                 else
14                 {
15                     DeflateStream stream3 = new DeflateStream(stream, CompressionMode.Compress, true);
16                     stream3.Write(decompressedData, 0, decompressedData.Length);
17                     stream3.Close();
18                 }
19                 return stream.ToArray();
20             }
21         }
22 
23         public static byte[] Decompress(byte[] compressedData, CompressionAlgorithm algorithm)
24         {
25             using (MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream(compressedData))
26             {
27                 if (algorithm == CompressionAlgorithm.Deflate)
28                 {
29                     using (GZipStream stream2 = new GZipStream(stream, CompressionMode.Decompress))
30                     {
31                         return LoadToBuffer(stream2);
32                     }
33                 }
34                 else
35                 {
36                     using (DeflateStream stream3 = new DeflateStream(stream, CompressionMode.Decompress))
37                     {
38                         return LoadToBuffer(stream3);
39                     }
40                 }
41             }
42         }
43 
44         private static byte[] LoadToBuffer(Stream stream)
45         {
46             using (MemoryStream stream2 = new MemoryStream())
47             {
48                 int num;
49                 byte[] buffer = new byte[0x400];
50                 while ((num = stream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)) > 0)
51                 {
52                     stream2.Write(buffer, 0, num);
53                 }
54                 return stream2.ToArray();
55             }
56         }
57     }

三、用于消息压缩与解压的组件　　

　　而针对消息的压缩和解压缩通过如下一个MessageCompressor来完成。具体来说，我们通过上面定义的DataCompressor对消息的主体部分内容进行压缩，并将压缩后的内容存放到一个预定义的XML元素中（名称和命名空间分别为CompressedBody和http://www.yswenli.net/comporession/），同时添加相应的MessageHeader表示消息经过了压缩，以及采用的压缩算法。对于解压缩，则是通过消息是否具有相应的MessageHeader判断该消息是否经过压缩，如果是则根据相应的算法对其进行解压缩。

具体的实现如下：

 1     public class MessageCompressor
 2     {
 3         public MessageCompressor(CompressionAlgorithm algorithm)
 4         {
 5             this.Algorithm = algorithm;
 6         }
 7         public Message CompressMessage(Message sourceMessage)
 8         {
 9             byte[] buffer;
10             using (XmlDictionaryReader reader1 = sourceMessage.GetReaderAtBodyContents())
11             {
12                 buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(reader1.ReadOuterXml());
13             }
14             if (buffer.Length == 0)
15             {
16                 Message emptyMessage = Message.CreateMessage(sourceMessage.Version, (string)null);
17                 sourceMessage.Headers.CopyHeadersFrom(sourceMessage);
18                 sourceMessage.Properties.CopyProperties(sourceMessage.Properties);
19                 emptyMessage.Close();
20                 return emptyMessage;
21             }
22             byte[] compressedData = DataCompressor.Compress(buffer, this.Algorithm);
23             string copressedBody = CompressionUtil.CreateCompressedBody(compressedData);
24             XmlTextReader reader = new XmlTextReader(new StringReader(copressedBody), new NameTable());
25             Message message2 = Message.CreateMessage(sourceMessage.Version, null, (XmlReader)reader);
26             message2.Headers.CopyHeadersFrom(sourceMessage);
27             message2.Properties.CopyProperties(sourceMessage.Properties);
28             message2.AddCompressionHeader(this.Algorithm);
29             sourceMessage.Close();
30             return message2;
31         }
32 
33         public Message DecompressMessage(Message sourceMessage)
34         {
35             if (!sourceMessage.IsCompressed())
36             {
37                 return sourceMessage;
38             }
39             CompressionAlgorithm algorithm = sourceMessage.GetCompressionAlgorithm();
40             sourceMessage.RemoveCompressionHeader();
41             byte[] compressedBody = sourceMessage.GetCompressedBody();
42             byte[] decompressedBody = DataCompressor.Decompress(compressedBody, algorithm);
43             string newMessageXml = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(decompressedBody);
44             XmlTextReader reader2 = new XmlTextReader(new StringReader(newMessageXml));
45             Message newMessage = Message.CreateMessage(sourceMessage.Version, null, reader2);
46             newMessage.Headers.CopyHeadersFrom(sourceMessage);
47             newMessage.Properties.CopyProperties(sourceMessage.Properties);
48             return newMessage;
49         }
50         public CompressionAlgorithm Algorithm { get; private set; }
51     }

下面是针对Message类型而定义了一些扩展方法和辅助方法。

 1     public static class CompressionUtil
 2     {
 3         public const string CompressionMessageHeader = "Compression";
 4         public const string CompressionMessageBody = "CompressedBody";
 5         public const string Namespace = "http://www.yswenli.net/compression";
 6 
 7         public static bool IsCompressed(this Message message)
 8         {
 9             return message.Headers.FindHeader(CompressionMessageHeader, Namespace) > -1;
10         }
11 
12         public static void AddCompressionHeader(this Message message, CompressionAlgorithm algorithm)
13         {
14             message.Headers.Add(MessageHeader.CreateHeader(CompressionMessageHeader, Namespace, string.Format("algorithm = \\"{0}\\"", algorithm)));
15         }
16 
17         public static void RemoveCompressionHeader(this Message message)
18         {
19             message.Headers.RemoveAll(CompressionMessageHeader, Namespace);
20         }
21 
22         public static CompressionAlgorithm GetCompressionAlgorithm(this Message message)
23         {
24             if (message.IsCompressed())
25             {
26                 var algorithm = message.Headers.GetHeader<string>(CompressionMessageHeader, Namespace);
27                 algorithm = algorithm.Replace("algorithm =", string.Empty).Replace("\\"", string.Empty).Trim();
28                 if (algorithm == CompressionAlgorithm.Deflate.ToString())
29                 {
30                     return CompressionAlgorithm.Deflate;
31                 }
32 
33                 if (algorithm == CompressionAlgorithm.GZip.ToString())
34                 {
35                     return CompressionAlgorithm.GZip;
36                 }
37                 throw new InvalidOperationException("Invalid compression algrorithm!");
38             }
39             throw new InvalidOperationException("Message is not compressed!");
40         }
41 
42         public static byte[] GetCompressedBody(this Message message)
43         {
44             byte[] buffer;
45             using (XmlReader reader1 = message.GetReaderAtBodyContents())
46             {
47                 buffer = Convert.FromBase64String(reader1.ReadElementString(CompressionMessageBody, Namespace));
48             }
49             return buffer;
50         }
51 
52         public static string CreateCompressedBody(byte[] content)
53         {
54             StringWriter output = new StringWriter();
55             using (XmlWriter writer2 = XmlWriter.Create(output))
56             {
57                 writer2.WriteStartElement(CompressionMessageBody, Namespace);
58                 writer2.WriteBase64(content, 0, content.Length);
59                 writer2.WriteEndElement();
60             }
61             return output.ToString();
62         }
63     }

四、用于对请求/回复消息压缩和解压缩的组件　　

　　消息的序列化和反序列化最终是通过MessageFormatter来完成的。具体来说，客户端通过ClientMessageFormatter实现对请求消息的序列化和对回复消息的序列化，而服务端通过DispatchMessageFormatter实现对请求消息的反序列化和对回复消息的序列化。

　　在默认的情况下，WCF选用的MessageFormatter为DataContractSerializerOperationFormatter，它采用DataContractSerializer进行实际的序列化和法序列化操作。我们自定义的MessageFormatter实际上是对DataContractSerializerOperationFormatter的封装，我们依然使用它来完成序列化和反序列化工作，额外实现序列化后的压缩和法序列化前的解压缩。

　　因为DataContractSerializerOperationFormatter是一个internal类型，我们只有通过反射的方式来创建它。如下的代码片断为用于进行消息压缩与解压缩的自定义MessageFormatter，即CompressionMessageFormatter的定义。

 1     public class CompressionMessageFormatter : IDispatchMessageFormatter, IClientMessageFormatter
 2     {
 3         private const string DataContractSerializerOperationFormatterTypeName = "System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.DataContractSerializerOperationFormatter, System.ServiceModel, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089";
 4 
 5         public IDispatchMessageFormatter InnerDispatchMessageFormatter { get; private set; }
 6         public IClientMessageFormatter InnerClientMessageFormatter { get; private set; }
 7         public MessageCompressor MessageCompressor { get; private set; }
 8 
 9         public CompressionMessageFormatter(CompressionAlgorithm algorithm, OperationDescription description, DataContractFormatAttribute dataContractFormatAttribute, DataContractSerializerOperationBehavior serializerFactory)
10         {
11             this.MessageCompressor = new MessageCompressor(algorithm);
12             Type innerFormatterType = Type.GetType(DataContractSerializerOperationFormatterTypeName);
13             var innerFormatter = Activator.CreateInstance(innerFormatterType, description, dataContractFormatAttribute, serializerFactory);
14             this.InnerClientMessageFormatter = innerFormatter as IClientMessageFormatter;
15             this.InnerDispatchMessageFormatter = innerFormatter as IDispatchMessageFormatter;
16         }
17 
18         public void DeserializeRequest(Message message, object[] parameters)
19         {
20             message = this.MessageCompressor.DecompressMessage(message);
21             this.InnerDispatchMessageFormatter.DeserializeRequest(message, parameters);
22         }
23 
24         public Message SerializeReply(MessageVersion messageVersion, object[] parameters, object result)
25         {
26             var message = this.InnerDispatchMessageFormatter.SerializeReply(messageVersion, parameters, result);
27             return this.MessageCompressor.CompressMessage(message);
28         }
29 
30         public object DeserializeReply(Message message, object[] parameters)
31         {
32             message = this.MessageCompressor.DecompressMessage(message);
33             return this.InnerClientMessageFormatter.DeserializeReply(message, parameters);
34         }
35 
36         public Message SerializeRequest(MessageVersion messageVersion, object[] parameters)
37         {
38             var message = this.InnerClientMessageFormatter.SerializeRequest(messageVersion, parameters);
39             return this.MessageCompressor.CompressMessage(message);
40         }
41     }

 

五、将CompressionMessageFormatter用于WCF运行时框架的操作行为　　

　　ClientMessageFormatter和DispatchMessageFormatter实际上属于ClientOperation和DispatchOperation的组件。我们可以通过如下一个自定义的操作行为CompressionOperationBehaviorAttribute将其应用到相应的操作上。

 1     [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method)]
 2     public class CompressionOperationBehaviorAttribute : Attribute, IOperationBehavior
 3     {
 4         public CompressionAlgorithm Algorithm { get; set; }
 5 
 6         public void AddBindingParameters(OperationDescription operationDescription, BindingParameterCollection bindingParameters) { }
 7 
 8         public void ApplyClientBehavior(OperationDescription operationDescription, ClientOperation clientOperation)
 9         {
10             clientOperation.SerializeRequest = true;
11             clientOperation.DeserializeReply = true;
12             var dataContractFormatAttribute = operationDescription.SyncMethod.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(DataContractFormatAttribute), true).FirstOrDefault() as DataContractFormatAttribute;
13             if (null == dataContractFormatAttribute)
14             {
15                 dataContractFormatAttribute = new DataContractFormatAttribute();
16             }
17 
18             var dataContractSerializerOperationBehavior = operationDescription.Behaviors.Find<DataContractSerializerOperationBehavior>();
19             clientOperation.Formatter = new CompressionMessageFormatter(this.Algorithm, operationDescription, dataContractFormatAttribute, dataContractSerializerOperationBehavior);
20         }
21 
22         public void ApplyDispatchBehavior(OperationDescription operationDescription, DispatchOperation dispatchOperation)
23         {
24             dispatchOperation.SerializeReply = true;
25             dispatchOperation.DeserializeRequest = true;
26             var dataContractFormatAttribute = operationDescription.SyncMethod.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(DataContractFormatAttribute), true).FirstOrDefault() as DataContractFormatAttribute;
27             if (null == dataContractFormatAttribute)
28             {
29                 dataContractFormatAttribute = new DataContractFormatAttribute();
30             }
31             var dataContractSerializerOperationBehavior = operationDescription.Behaviors.Find<DataContractSerializerOperationBehavior>();
32             dispatchOperation.Formatter = new CompressionMessageFormatter(this.Algorithm, operationDescription, dataContractFormatAttribute, dataContractSerializerOperationBehavior);
33         }
34 
35         public void Validate(OperationDescription operationDescription) { }
36     }

六、查看结构压缩后的消息
为了验证应用了CompressionOperationBehaviorAttribute特性的操作方法对应的消息是否经过了压缩，我们可以通过一个简单的例子来检验。我们采用常用的计算服务的例子，下面是服务契约和服务类型的定义。我们上面定义的CompressionOperationBehaviorAttribute应用到服务契约的Add操作上。

 1     [ServiceContract(Namespace = "http://www.yswenli.net/")]
 2     public interface ICalculator
 3     {
 4         [OperationContract]
 5         [CompressionOperationBehavior]
 6         double Add(double x, double y);
 7     }
 8     public class CalculatorService : ICalculator
 9     {
10         public double Add(double x, double y)
11         {
12             return x + y;
13         }
14     }

我们采用BasicHttpBinding作为终结点的绑定类型（具体的配置请查看源代码），下面是通过Fiddler获取的消息的内容，它们的主体部分都经过了基于压缩的编码。

1     <s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
2       <s:Header>
3         <Compression xmlns="http://www.yswenli.net/compression">algorithm = "GZip"</Compression>
4       </s:Header>
5       <s:Body>
6         <CompressedBody xmlns="http://www.yswenli.net/compression">7L0HYBx ... CQAA//8=</CompressedBody>
7       </s:Body>
8     </s:Envelope>

回复消息

1     <s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
2       <s:Header>
3         <Compression xmlns="http://www.yswenli.net/compression">algorithm = "GZip"</Compression>
4       </s:Header>
5       <s:Body>
6         <CompressedBody xmlns="http://www.yswenli.net/compression">7L0H...PAAAA//8=</CompressedBody>
7       </s:Body>
8     </s:Envelope>

七、扩展

如果不想使微软自带的序列化或者因为某些原因（emoji字符异常等）可以使用自定义的IDispatchMessageInspector。由于CompressionMessageFormatter使用基于DataContractSerializer序列化器的DataContractSerializerOperationFormatter进行消息的序列化和发序列化工作，而DataContractSerializer仅仅是WCF用于序列化的一种默认的选择（WCF还可以采用传统的XmlSeriaizer）；为了让CompressionMessageFormatter能够使用其他序列化器，可以对于进行相应的修正。

 

 

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