我的Ansible学习笔记

Posted 2020-09-08 ImJerryChan

Ansible
常见错误 http://afewbug.com/article/26
官方文档 http://docs.ansible.com/ansible/
安装配置 http://sofar.blog.51cto.com/353572/1579894

 

目录
一、介绍
二、yum安装
三、Ansible配置
四、模块
五、playbook
六、实战演练--用Ansible实现LANMP的安装

注意：以下实验环境均为关闭selinux和清空防火墙配置，需要把/etc/my.cnf 改为/etc/my.cnf.bak

 

一、介绍
特性
(1)、no agents：不需要在被管控主机上安装任何客户端；
(2)、no server：无服务器端，使用时直接运行命令即可；
(3)、modules in any languages：基于模块工作，可使用任意语言开发模块；
(4)、yaml，not code：使用yaml语言定制剧本playbook；
(5)、ssh by default：基于SSH工作；
(6)、strong multi-tier solution：可实现多级指挥。

优点
(1)、轻量级，无需在客户端安装agent，更新时，只需在操作机上进行一次更新即可；
(2)、批量任务执行可以写成脚本，而且不用分发到远程就可以执行；
(3)、使用python编写，维护更简单，ruby语法过于复杂；
(4)、支持sudo。

二、yum安装

yum install -y epel-release
yum install -y ansible

附注：编译安装参考上述链接

三、Ansible配置
（1）SSH免密钥登陆设置具体参考SSH密钥登陆

http://www.cnblogs.com/ImJerryChan/p/6002508.html

（2）ansible配置
主机组配置参考：

# vi  /etc/ansible/hosts
# 在里面增加如下配置增加
[testhost]
127.0.0.1
192.168.75.135

配置解析：
在/etc/ansible/hosts文件里指定被监控的主机
其中testhost为自定义的主机组名。
下面两个ip为组内的机器ip。

（3）简单测试

ansible 192.168.75.135 -m command -a \'w\'   或者
ansible testhost  -m command -a \'w\'

如果结果为如下配置，则配置成功

附注：
错误：    "msg": "Aborting, target uses selinux but python bindings (libselinux-python) aren\'t installed!"
解决办法： yum install -y libselinux-python

四、模块
五、playbook
这两个部分过两天再补充吧，毕竟现在还没学完呢，路还很长

 

六、实战演练--用Ansible实现LANMP的安装

(这个也属于一个未完成版，因为在写这篇文章的时候还在敲其余部分的代码，因此这一两天内补上吧，mysql部分实验没问题)
（一）Mysql

cd /etc/ansible
mkdir mysql_install
mkdir -p mysql_install/roles/{common,delete,install}/{handlers,files,meta,tasks,templates,vars}

cd mysql_install/roles

//安装前准备
vi ./common/tasks/main.yml
- name: Install initialization require software
  yum: name={{ item }} state=installed
  with_item:
    - gcc

//安装过程
vi ./install/vars/main.yml
mysql_user: mysql
mysql_port: 3306
mysql_data_dir: /data/mysql
mysql_version: 5.5.54

ls ./install/templates
/etc/init.d/my.cnf   /etc/init.d/mysqld
分别为配置文件以及启动文件，也就是要拷贝进去

ls ./install/files
mysql-5.5.54.tar.gz
data_mysql.tar.gz
同上，一个小建议就是打包的时候最好到文件/目录所在处再打包，否则如果前面跟了目录的话，会把目录也打包进来的

vi ./install/tasks/copy.yml
- name: Copy MySQL Software To Redhat client
  copy: src=mysql-{{ mysql_version }}.tar.gz dest=/usr/local/src/mysql-{{ mysql_version }}.tar.gz owner=root group=root
  when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat" and ansible_distribution_version|int >=6
- name: Uncompression MySQL Software To Redhat Client
  shell: tar zxf /usr/local/src/mysql-{{ mysql_version }}.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
  when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat" and ansible_distribution_version|int >=6
- name: Copy Data_Dir To Redhat client
  copy: src=data_mysql.tar.gz dest=/usr/local/src/data_mysql.tar.gz owner=root group=root
  when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat" and ansible_distribution_version|int >=6
- name: Uncompression Data_Dir To Redhat Client
  shell: tar zxf /usr/local/src/data_mysql.tar.gz -C /
  when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat" and ansible_distribution_version|int >=6
- name: Copy MySQL Start Script To Redhat Client
  template: src=mysqld dest=/etc/init.d/mysqld owner=root group=root mode=0755
  when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat" and ansible_distribution_version|int >=6
- name: Copy MySQL Config To Redhat Client
  template: src=my.cnf dest=/etc/init.d/my.cnf
  when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat" and ansible_distribution_version|int >=6


vi ./install/tasks/install.yml
- name: Create MySQL User In Redhat Client
  user: name={{ mysql_user }} state=present createhome=no shell=/sbin/nologin
  when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat" and ansible_distribution_version|int >=6
- name: Start MySQL Service In Redhat Client
  service: name=mysqld state=started#
  when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat" and ansible_distribution_version|int >=6
- name: Add Boot Start MySQL Service In Redhat Client
  shell: chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on
  when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat" and ansible_distribution_version|int >=6

vi ./install/tasks/delete.yml
- name: Delete MySQL compression Software In Redhat Client
  shell: rm -rf /usr/local/src/mysql-{{ mysql_version }}.tar.gz
  when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat" and ansible_distribution_version|int >=6
  
vi ./install/tasks/main.yml
- include: copy.yml
- include: install.yml
- include: delete.yml

//卸载过程
vi ./delete/vars/main.yml
mysql_user: mysql
mysql_port: 3306
mysql_data_dir: /data/mysql
mysql_version: 5.5.54-linux2.6-x86_64

vi ./delete/tasks/delete.yml
- name: Stop MySQL Service
  shell: ps -ef|grep mysql|grep -v grep|awk \'{print $2}\'|xargs kill -9 >>/dev/null 2>&1
  ignore_errors: yes
  when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat" and ansible_distribution_version|int >=6
- name: Delete MySQL Boot Start Script
  shell: chkconfig --del mysql
  when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat" and ansible_distribution_version|int >=6
- name: Delete MySQL Dir
  shell: rm -rf /usr/local/mysql
  when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat" and ansible_distribution_version|int >=6
- name: Delete MySQL User
  shell: userdel {{ mysql_user }}
  ignore_errors: yes
  when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat" and ansible_distribution_version|int >=6
- name: Delete MySQL Service Start Script
  shell: rm -rf /etc/init.d/mysqld
  when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat" and ansible_distribution_version|int >=6
- name: Delete MySQL Service Config File
  shell: rm -rf /etc/init.d/my.cnf
  when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat" and ansible_distribution_version|int >=6

vi ./delete/tasks/main.yml
- include: delete.yml

//MySQL主入口配置文件
cd ../
vi install.yml
---
- hosts: 192.168.75.135
  remote_user: root
  gather_facts: True
  roles:
    - common
    - install
    
vi delete.yml
---
- hosts: 192.168.75.135
  remote_user: root
  gather_facts: True
  roles:
    - delete

完毕
安装MySQL：ansible-playbook install.yml
卸载MySQL：ansible-playbook delete.yml