CentOS7下利用cobbler部署CentOS

Posted 2020-09-05

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1）安装epel源和cobbler

[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/extras/x86_64/Packages/epel-release-7-9.noarch.rpm
[[email protected] ~]# yum install cobbler cobbler-web dhcp tftp-server pykickstart httpd xinetd -y
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start xinetd.service
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl enable xinetd.service
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start httpd
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl enable httpd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start cobblerd.service
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl enable cobblerd.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobblerd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/cobblerd.service.

2）配置cobbler

检查cobbler：
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1 : The ‘server‘ field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work.  This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.
2 : For PXE to be functional, the ‘next_server‘ field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.
3 : change ‘disable‘ to ‘no‘ in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
4 : some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run ‘cobbler get-loaders‘ to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.  Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The ‘cobbler get-loaders‘ command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
5 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl
6 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
7 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to ‘cobbler‘ and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt ‘random-phrase-here‘ ‘your-password-here‘" to generate new one
8 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
Restart cobblerd and then run ‘cobbler sync‘ to apply changes.

修改cobbler的配置文件：

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings
# if you do not set this correctly, this will be manifested in TFTP open timeouts.
将“next_server: 127.0.0.1”修改为“next_server: 10.10.10.222”
将“server: 127.0.0.1”修改为“server: 10.10.10.222”
# set to 1 to enable Cobbler‘s DHCP management features.
# the choice of DHCP management engine is in /etc/cobbler/modules.conf
将“manage_dhcp: 0”修改为“manage_dhcp: 1”

修改cobbler默认的密码：

将“default_password_crypted: "$1$mF86/UHC$WvcIcX2t6crBz2onWxyac."”修改为“default_password_crypted: "$1$wanwan$K9lP0CajD0pbFaxI0if84/"”
随机生成一个密码：
[[email protected] ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt ‘wanwan‘ ‘redhat12345‘
$1$wanwan$K9lP0CajD0pbFaxI0if84/
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
将“disable                 = yes”修改为“disable                 = no”

重启rsync服务：

[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start rsyncd.service
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rsyncd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service.

下载cobbler相关的包：

[[email protected] ~]# cobbler get-loaders
task started: 2017-03-20_110931_get_loaders
task started (id=Download Bootloader Content, time=Mon Mar 20 11:09:31 2017)
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/README to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.elilo to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.elilo
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.yaboot to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.yaboot
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.syslinux to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.syslinux
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/elilo-3.8-ia64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64.efi
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/yaboot-1.3.17 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/pxelinux.0-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/menu.c32-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd.service 
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
2 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
[[email protected] ~]# cd /etc/cobbler/
[[email protected] cobbler]# ls
auth.conf       dhcp.template           ldap            power          rsync.template      users.conf     zone_templates
cheetah_macros  dnsmasq.template        modules.conf    pxe            secondary.template  users.digest
cobbler_bash    import_rsync_whitelist  mongodb.conf    reporting      settings            version
completions     iso                     named.template  rsync.exclude  tftpd.template      zone.template

3）配置服务

[[email protected] cobbler]# vim dhcp.template 
subnet 10.10.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
     option routers             10.10.10.2;
     option domain-name-servers 10.10.10.2;
     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;
     range dynamic-bootp        10.10.10.100 10.10.10.200;
     default-lease-time         21600;
     max-lease-time             43200;
     next-server                $next_server;
     class "pxeclients" {
          match if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) = "PXEClient";
          if option pxe-system-type = 00:02 {
                  filename "ia64/elilo.efi";
          } else if option pxe-system-type = 00:06 {
                  filename "grub/grub-x86.efi";
          } else if option pxe-system-type = 00:07 {
                  filename "grub/grub-x86_64.efi";
          } else {
                  filename "pxelinux.0";
          }
     }
}
备注：主要修改网段、DNS、网关等信息
[[email protected] cobbler]# cobbler sync
通过cobbler管理的dhcp的配置文件
[[email protected] cobbler]# egrep -v ‘^#|^$‘ /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf 
ddns-update-style interim;
allow booting;
allow bootp;
ignore client-updates;
set vendorclass = option vendor-class-identifier;
option pxe-system-type code 93 = unsigned integer 16;
subnet 10.10.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
     option routers             10.10.10.2;
     option domain-name-servers 10.10.10.2;
     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;
     range dynamic-bootp        10.10.10.100 10.10.10.200;
     default-lease-time         21600;
     max-lease-time             43200;
     next-server                10.10.10.222;
     class "pxeclients" {
          match if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) = "PXEClient";
          if option pxe-system-type = 00:02 {
                  filename "ia64/elilo.efi";
          } else if option pxe-system-type = 00:06 {
                  filename "grub/grub-x86.efi";
          } else if option pxe-system-type = 00:07 {
                  filename "grub/grub-x86_64.efi";
          } else {
                  filename "pxelinux.0";
          }
     }
}
group {
}

挂载并导入数据：

[[email protected] ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[[email protected] ~]# df -h
Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/cl-root   50G  9.8G   41G  20% /
devtmpfs             1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                1.9G  144K  1.9G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                1.9G  9.0M  1.9G   1% /run
tmpfs                1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cl-home   46G   36M   46G   1% /home
/dev/sda1           1014M  175M  840M  18% /boot
tmpfs                378M   12K  378M   1% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0             4.1G  4.1G     0 100% /mnt
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt --name=CentOS-7.3 --arch=x86_64
task started: 2017-03-20_113200_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Mon Mar 20 11:32:00 2017)
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.3-x86_64:
creating new distro: CentOS-7.3-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.3-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/CentOS-7.3-x86_64
creating new profile: CentOS-7.3-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.3-x86_64 for CentOS-7.3-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.3-x86_64
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.3-x86_64
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.3-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.3-x86_64/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

说明：cobbler导入的镜像放在：/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror

[[email protected] ks_mirror]# pwd
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror
[[email protected] ks_mirror]# ls
CentOS-7.3-x86_64  config

默认kickstart文件存放位置：/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/

[[email protected] ~]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/
[[email protected] kickstarts]# ll
total 52
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  115 Nov 17 03:09 default.ks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   22 Nov 17 03:09 esxi4-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   22 Nov 17 03:09 esxi5-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   56 Mar 20 10:39 install_profiles
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1424 Nov 17 03:09 legacy.ks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  292 Nov 17 03:09 pxerescue.ks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2916 Nov 17 03:09 sample_autoyast.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1825 Nov 17 03:09 sample_end.ks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Nov 17 03:09 sample_esx4.ks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  324 Nov 17 03:09 sample_esxi4.ks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  386 Nov 17 03:09 sample_esxi5.ks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1784 Nov 17 03:09 sample.ks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3419 Nov 17 03:09 sample_old.seed
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5879 Nov 17 03:09 sample.seed
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler list
distros:
   CentOS-7.3-x86_64
profiles:
   CentOS-7.3-x86_64
systems:
repos:
images:
mgmtclasses:
packages:
files:
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler profile report
Name                           : CentOS-7.3-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Comment                        : 
DHCP Tag                       : default
Distribution                   : CentOS-7.3-x86_64
Enable gPXE?                   : 0
Enable PXE Menu?               : 1
Fetchable Files                : {}
Kernel Options                 : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks
Kickstart Metadata             : {}
Management Classes             : []
Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
Name Servers                   : []
Name Servers Search Path       : []
Owners                         : [‘admin‘]
Parent Profile                 : 
Internal proxy                 : 
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Repos                          : []
Server Override                : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}
Virt Auto Boot                 : 1
Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0
Virt CPUs                      : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
Virt Path                      : 
Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
Virt Type                      : kvm

查看cobbler profile的帮助：

[[email protected] ~]# cobbler profile edit --help
Usage: cobbler [options]
Options:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  --name=NAME           Name (Ex: F10-i386-webserver)
  --uid=UID             
  --owners=OWNERS       Owners (Owners list for authz_ownership (space
                        delimited))
  --distro=DISTRO       Distribution (Parent distribution)
  --parent=PARENT       Parent Profile
  --enable-gpxe=ENABLE_GPXE
                        Enable gPXE? (Use gPXE instead of PXELINUX for
                        advanced booting options)
  --enable-menu=ENABLE_MENU
                        Enable PXE Menu? (Show this profile in the PXE menu?)
  --kickstart=KICKSTART
                        Kickstart (Path to kickstart template)
  --kopts=KERNEL_OPTIONS
                        Kernel Options (Ex: selinux=permissive)
  --kopts-post=KERNEL_OPTIONS_POST
                        Kernel Options (Post Install) (Ex: clocksource=pit
                        noapic)
  --ksmeta=KS_META      Kickstart Metadata (Ex: dog=fang agent=86)
  --proxy=PROXY         Internal proxy (Internal proxy URL)
  --repos=REPOS         Repos (Repos to auto-assign to this profile)
  --comment=COMMENT     Comment (Free form text description)
  --virt-auto-boot=VIRT_AUTO_BOOT
                        Virt Auto Boot (Auto boot this VM?)
  --virt-cpus=VIRT_CPUS
                        Virt CPUs (integer)
  --virt-file-size=VIRT_FILE_SIZE
                        Virt File Size(GB)
  --virt-disk-driver=VIRT_DISK_DRIVER
                        Virt Disk Driver Type (The on-disk format for the
                        virtualization disk)
  --virt-ram=VIRT_RAM   Virt RAM (MB)
  --depth=DEPTH         
  --virt-type=VIRT_TYPE
                        Virt Type (Virtualization technology to use) (valid
                        options: xenpv,xenfv,qemu,kvm,vmware,openvz,SETTINGS:d
                        efault_virt_type)
  --virt-path=VIRT_PATH
                        Virt Path (Ex: /directory OR VolGroup00)
  --virt-bridge=VIRT_BRIDGE
                        Virt Bridge
  --dhcp-tag=DHCP_TAG   DHCP Tag (See manpage or leave blank)
  --server=SERVER       Server Override (See manpage or leave blank)
  --ctime=CTIME         
  --mtime=MTIME         
  --name-servers=NAME_SERVERS
                        Name Servers (space delimited)
  --name-servers-search=NAME_SERVERS_SEARCH
                        Name Servers Search Path (space delimited)
  --mgmt-classes=MGMT_CLASSES
                        Management Classes (For external configuration
                        management)
  --mgmt-parameters=MGMT_PARAMETERS
                        Management Parameters (Parameters which will be handed
                        to your management application (Must be valid YAML
                        dictionary))
  --boot-files=BOOT_FILES
                        TFTP Boot Files (Files copied into tftpboot beyond the
                        kernel/initrd)
  --fetchable-files=FETCHABLE_FILES
                        Fetchable Files (Templates for tftp or wget/curl)
  --template-files=TEMPLATE_FILES
                        Template Files (File mappings for built-in config
                        management)
  --redhat-management-key=REDHAT_MANAGEMENT_KEY
                        Red Hat Management Key (Registration key for RHN,
                        Spacewalk, or Satellite)
  --redhat-management-server=REDHAT_MANAGEMENT_SERVER
                        Red Hat Management Server (Address of Spacewalk or
                        Satellite Server)
  --template-remote-kickstarts=TEMPLATE_REMOTE_KICKSTARTS
  --clobber             allow add to overwrite existing objects
  --in-place            edit items in kopts or ksmeta without clearing the
                        other items

修改kickstart文件：

[[email protected] ~]# cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-7.3-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7.3-x86_64.cfg

修改内核参数：

[[email protected] ~]# cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-7.3-x86_64 --kopts=‘net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0‘
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler profile report
Name                           : CentOS-7.3-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Comment                        : 
DHCP Tag                       : default
Distribution                   : CentOS-7.3-x86_64
Enable gPXE?                   : 0
Enable PXE Menu?               : 1
Fetchable Files                : {}
Kernel Options                 : {‘biosdevname‘: ‘0‘, ‘net.ifnames‘: ‘0‘}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7.3-x86_64.cfg
Kickstart Metadata             : {}
Management Classes             : []
Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
Name Servers                   : []
Name Servers Search Path       : []
Owners                         : [‘admin‘]
Parent Profile                 : 
Internal proxy                 : 
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Repos                          : []
Server Override                : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}
Virt Auto Boot                 : 1
Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0
Virt CPUs                      : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
Virt Path                      : 
Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
Virt Type                      : kvm
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2017-03-20_135014_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Mon Mar 20 13:50:14 2017)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7.3-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7.3-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
copying: /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
copying: /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: CentOS-7.3-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.3-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7.3-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.3-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7.3-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: CentOS-7.3-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.3-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7.3-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.3-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7.3-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for CentOS-7.3-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
processing boot_files for distro: CentOS-7.3-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart  dhcpd.service
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

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