Linux运维之道1,2章

Posted 2020-06-17

pwd -p 返回链接的真实路径

cd /usr/src

cd ..

cd -

cd  家

ls -al

ls -ld /root

ls -lt 

cp /etc/hosts /tmp/host 

cp -r /var/log/ /tmp 

find -name hello.doc

find /root-name "*.log"

find -iname "Jacob"

find / -empty

find / -group tom

find / -mtime -3

find / -mtime +4

find / -mtime  2

find ./ -size +10M

find ./ -type f 

find ./ -user tom 

find ./ -size +1M -exec ls -l {} \;

find / -size +1M -a -type f 

du -sh 

cat -n /etc/passwd 

cat -b /etc/passwd 

head -c 20k /root/install.log 

tail -f /var/log/messages 

wc -l 

   -w 

   -c 

   

grep --color th test.txt 

grep -i the test.txt 

grep -w num test.txt 

grep -v the test.txt 

echo "hello world."

echo -e "\\"

\\

\n 

\t 

ln -s /test/  /var/test/

ln /test/hello.txt /test/hi.txt 

gzip hell.txt 

gzip -d hello.txt.gz 

bzip2 hello.txt 

bzip2 -d hello.txt.bz2

tar -cf etc.tar /etc 

tar -czf boot.tar.gz /boot

tar -cjf etc.tar.bz2 

tar -tvf boot.tar.gz 

tar -xvf etc.tar 

tar -xzf boot.tar.gz 

tar -xjf etc.tar.bz2

tar -xzf boot.tar.gz -C /tmp 

history 

!500 

ctrl+l clear 

which find

vim编辑

a A

i I

o O

gg

G

nG

^ $

w b 

x 

dd

ndd

rx

yy

p 

P

/host n  N 

:s/root/admin/

:s/root/admin/g

:3,5s/root/admin/g

:%s/nologin/fault/g 

:set nu 

:split 

ctrl+w +l 

       +j

:vsplit

ctrl+w+h        

      +l 

       

useradd -c administartor -d /home/admin -e 2013-12-24 \

-g root -G bin,adm,mail admin 

useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M user2 

groupadd -g 1000 jerry 

id root 

echo "123456" | passwd --stdin tom 

passwd -l tom 

passwd -u tom 

passwd -d tom 

usermod -d /home/tom tom  #/home/tom存在 

usermod -e 2013-12-24 tom 

usermod -g mail tom 

usermod -s /bin/bash tom 

usermod -u 1001 tom 

userdel -r tom 

groupdel jerry

chmod a=rw install.log 

chmod a+x install.log 

chmod 644 install.log 

chmod --reference=install.log.syslog install.log 

chown :root install 

账户管理案例

mkdir -p /var/{teach,office}

groupadd teach 

groupadd office 

useradd -g teach Op_teach

useradd -g office Op_office 

useradd -g teach endy

useradd -g office lucy

gpasswd -A Op_teach teach 

gpasswd -A Op_office office

chmod Op_teach.teach /var/teach 

chmod Op_office.office /var/office 

chmod 755 /var/{teach.office}

fdisk -l 

fdisk /dev/sda

partprobe /dev/sda

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc1

mkswap  /dev/sdc2 

mount /dev/cdrom /media 

umount /dev/cdrom 

vim /etc/fstab 

mount -a 

创建RAID

(fdisk   fd )

mdadm -C /dev/md0 -l 0 -n 3 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1

mdadm -C /dev/md5 -l 5 -n 3 -x 1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdc2 /dev/sdd2 /dev/sde2

mdadm --detail /dev/md0 

mdadm --detail /dev/md5 

mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0 

echo "DEVICE /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdc2 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sdd2 /dev/sde2" > /etc/mdadm.conf

mdadm -Evs >> /dev/mdadm.conf 

echo "/dev/md0 /raid0 ext4 defaults 0 0 " >>/etc/fstab

echo "/dev/md0 /raid0 ext4 defaults 0 0 " >>/etc/fstab

time dd if=/dev/zero of=txt bs=1M count=1000 

rpm -ivh ftp-0.17-51.1.el6.x86_64.rpm 

rpm -e ftp 

rpm -q ftp 

rpm -aq 

rpm -qi bash 

rpm -ql bash 

rpm -qc bash 

rpm -qf /etc/inittab 

rpm -qpi ftp-0.xxxxxxxxxxxx.rpm 

/etc/yum.repos.d/media.repo 

[media]

name=CentOS=6.7 

baseurl=file:///media/CentOS-6.3_Final

enable=1 

gpgcheck=0

gpgkey= 

yum install dialog 

yum -y expect 

yum remove dialog 

yum list 

yum clean all 

yum grouplist 

yum groupintall "chinese support"

yum -y intall gcc pcre pcre-devel libtool

tar -xjf httpd-2.2.23.tar.bz2 -C /usr/src/

tar -xzf apr-1.4.6.tar.gz -C /usr/src 

cd /usr/src/apr-1.4.6/

./configure && make && make install 

cd /usr/src/apr-util-1.5.1 

./configure --with-apr=/usr/local/apr 

make && make install 

...

/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start 

date -s "2012-11-12 14:00"

hwclock -w 

service sshd reload 

chkconfig --list 

chkconfig --list sshd 

chkconfig --level 15 sshd off 

chkconfig sshd on 

service atd start 

at 23:11 

tar -cjf log.tar.bz2 /var/log 

shutdown -h now 

at -l 

at -c 1 

at -d 1 

service crond start 

chkconfig crond on 

crontab -e 

23 23 * *５　tar -czf log.tar.gz /var/log 

00 */3 * * * who 

crontab -l

crontab -r 

/etc/cron.d

/etc/cron.hourly

/etc/cron.daily

/etc/cron.weekly

uptime 

free [-b|-k|-m]

df -hT 

df -i 

ifconfig

netstat -nutlp

ps -e 

ps -ef 

top 

M 内存   N PID   z 高亮

top -d 1 -p 1,2 

ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.31 netmask 255.255.255.0 

ifconfig eth0 down 

ifconfig eth0 up 

hostname 

hostname centos.example.com

hostname -i

route 

route -n 

route add default gw 192.168.0.254 

route add -net 172.16.0.0/16 gw 192.168.0.254 

route add -net 192.56.76.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 dev eth0 

route del default gw 192.168.0.254 

route del -net 172.16.0.0/16 

cat  /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 

DEVICE="

BOOTPROTO="static"

HWADDR="

NM_CONTROLLED=“

ONBOOT="

TYPE="

IPADDR="192.168 

PREFIX="24"

GATEWAY="192.168.0.254"

DNS1="202.106.46.151"

service network restart

vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-eth0 

service network restart 

ping 

traceroute

traceroute -I www.google.com 

nslookup www.google.com 

dig www.google.com 

netstat -an 

netstat -nutlp 

/lib/modules/`uname -r`/

lsmod 

modprobe ip_vs

lsmod | grep ip_vs

modprobe -r ip_vs 

modinfo ip_vs 

echo "modprobe ip_vs" >> /etc/rc.sysinit 

echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_all

echo "108248" > /proc/sys/fs/file-max

vim /etc/sysctl.conf 

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_all = 1 

fs.file-max = 108248