iOS_SN_BlueTooth iOS 连接外设的代码实现

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原文:http://www.cocoachina.com/ios/20150917/13456.html?utm_source=tuicool&utm_medium=referral

 

上一篇文章介绍了蓝牙的技术知识,这里我们具体说明一下中心模式的应用场景。主设备(手机去扫描连接外设,发现外设服务和属性,操作服务和属性的应用。一般来说,外设(蓝牙设备,比如智能手环之类的东西),会由硬件工程师开发好,并定义好设备提供的服务,每个服务对于的特征,每个特征的属性(只读,只写,通知等等),本文例子的业务场景,就是用一手机app去读写蓝牙设备。

iOS连接外设的代码实现流程

1. 建立中心角色

2. 扫描外设(discover)

3. 连接外设(connect)

4. 扫描外设中的服务和特征(discover)

 - 4.1 获取外设的services

 - 4.2 获取外设的Characteristics,获取Characteristics的值,获取Characteristics的Descriptor和Descriptor的值

5. 与外设做数据交互(explore and interact)

6. 订阅Characteristic的通知

7. 断开连接(disconnect)

准备环境

 1 Xcode

 2 开发证书和手机(蓝牙程序需要使用使用真机调试,使用模拟器也可以调试,但是方法很蛋疼,我会放在最后说)

 3 蓝牙外设

实现步骤

1 导入CoreBluetooth头文件,建立主设备管理类,设置主设备委托

#import <corebluetooth corebluetooth.h="">
    @interface ViewController : UIViewController<cbcentralmanagerdelegate>
 
 
    @interface ViewController (){
        //系统蓝牙设备管理对象,可以把他理解为主设备,通过他,可以去扫描和链接外设
        CBCentralManager *manager;
    }
 
    - (void)viewDidLoad {
        [super viewDidLoad];
        /*
         设置主设备的委托,CBCentralManagerDelegate
            必须实现的:
            - (void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central;//主设备状态改变的委托,在初始化CBCentralManager的适合会打开设备,只有当设备正确打开后才能使用
            其他选择实现的委托中比较重要的:
            - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI; //找到外设的委托
            - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral;//连接外设成功的委托
            - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//外设连接失败的委托
            - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//断开外设的委托
        */
         //初始化并设置委托和线程队列,最好一个线程的参数可以为nil,默认会就main线程
         manager = [[CBCentralManager alloc]initWithDelegate:self queue:dispatch_get_main_queue()];

  


 

2 扫描外设(discover),扫描外设的方法我们放在centralManager成功打开的委托中,因为只有设备成功打开,才能开始扫描,否则会报错。

 -(void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central{
 
            switch (central.state) {
                case CBCentralManagerStateUnknown:
                    NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateUnknown");
                    break;
                case CBCentralManagerStateResetting:
                    NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateResetting");
                    break;
                case CBCentralManagerStateUnsupported:
                    NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateUnsupported");
                    break;
                case CBCentralManagerStateUnauthorized:
                    NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateUnauthorized");
                    break;
                case CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOff:
                    NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOff");
                    break;
                case CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOn:
                    NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOn");
                    //开始扫描周围的外设
                    /*
                     第一个参数nil就是扫描周围所有的外设,扫描到外设后会进入
                          - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI;
                     */
                    [manager scanForPeripheralsWithServices:nil options:nil];
 
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
            }
 
        }
 
        //扫描到设备会进入方法
        -(void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI{
 
            NSLog(@"当扫描到设备:%@",peripheral.name);
            //接下来可以连接设备
 
        }

  


 

3 连接外设(connect)

//扫描到设备会进入方法
        -(void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI{
 
            //接下连接我们的测试设备,如果你没有设备,可以下载一个app叫lightbule的app去模拟一个设备
            //这里自己去设置下连接规则,我设置的是P开头的设备
                   if ([peripheral.name hasPrefix:@"P"]){
                   /*
                       一个主设备最多能连7个外设,每个外设最多只能给一个主设备连接,连接成功,失败,断开会进入各自的委托
                    - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral;//连接外设成功的委托
                    - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//外设连接失败的委托
                    - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//断开外设的委托
                    */
                    //连接设备
                   [manager connectPeripheral:peripheral options:nil];
               }
 
        }
 
 
        //连接到Peripherals-成功
        - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
        {
            NSLog(@">>>连接到名称为(%@)的设备-成功",peripheral.name);
        }
 
        //连接到Peripherals-失败
        -(void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error
        {
            NSLog(@">>>连接到名称为(%@)的设备-失败,原因:%@",[peripheral name],[error localizedDescription]);
        }
 
        //Peripherals断开连接
        - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error{
            NSLog(@">>>外设连接断开连接 %@: %@\n", [peripheral name], [error localizedDescription]);
 
        }

  


 

4 扫描外设中的服务和特征(discover)

设备连接成功后,就可以扫描设备的服务了,同样是通过委托形式,扫描到结果后会进入委托方法。但是这个委托已经不再是主设备的委托(CBCentralManagerDelegate),而是外设的委托(CBPeripheralDelegate),这个委托包含了主设备与外设交互的许多 回叫方法,包括获取services,获取characteristics,获取characteristics的值,获取characteristics的Descriptor,和Descriptor的值,写数据,读rssi,用通知的方式订阅数据等等。

4.1 获取外设的services

//连接到Peripherals-成功
        - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
        {
            NSLog(@">>>连接到名称为(%@)的设备-成功",peripheral.name);
            //设置的peripheral委托CBPeripheralDelegate
            //@interface ViewController : UIViewController<cbcentralmanagerdelegate,cbperipheraldelegate>
            [peripheral setDelegate:self];
            //扫描外设Services,成功后会进入方法:-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error{
            [peripheral discoverServices:nil];
 
        }
 
        //扫描到Services
        -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error{
            //  NSLog(@">>>扫描到服务:%@",peripheral.services);
            if (error)
            {
                NSLog(@">>>Discovered services for %@ with error: %@", peripheral.name, [error localizedDescription]);
                return;
            }
 
            for (CBService *service in peripheral.services) {
                             NSLog(@"%@",service.UUID);
                             //扫描每个service的Characteristics,扫描到后会进入方法: -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error
                             [peripheral discoverCharacteristics:nil forService:service];
                         }
 
        }
4.2 获取外设的Characteristics,获取Characteristics的值,获取Characteristics的Descriptor和Descriptor的值 //扫描到Characteristics -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error{ if (error) { NSLog(@"error Discovered characteristics for %@ with error: %@", service.UUID, [error localizedDescription]); return; } for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics) { NSLog(@"service:%@ 的 Characteristic: %@",service.UUID,characteristic.UUID); } //获取Characteristic的值,读到数据会进入方法:-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics){ { [peripheral readValueForCharacteristic:characteristic]; } } //搜索Characteristic的Descriptors,读到数据会进入方法:-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics){ [peripheral discoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:characteristic]; } } //获取的charateristic的值 -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error{ //打印出characteristic的UUID和值 //!注意,value的类型是NSData,具体开发时,会根据外设协议制定的方式去解析数据 NSLog(@"characteristic uuid:%@ value:%@",characteristic.UUID,characteristic.value); } //搜索到Characteristic的Descriptors -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error{ //打印出Characteristic和他的Descriptors NSLog(@"characteristic uuid:%@",characteristic.UUID); for (CBDescriptor *d in characteristic.descriptors) { NSLog(@"Descriptor uuid:%@",d.UUID); } } //获取到Descriptors的值 -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForDescriptor:(CBDescriptor *)descriptor error:(NSError *)error{ //打印出DescriptorsUUID 和value //这个descriptor都是对于characteristic的描述,一般都是字符串,所以这里我们转换成字符串去解析 NSLog(@"characteristic uuid:%@ value:%@",[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@",descriptor.UUID],descriptor.value); }

  


 

5 把数据写到Characteristic中

 //写数据
    -(void)writeCharacteristic:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
                characteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic
                         value:(NSData *)value{
 
        //打印出 characteristic 的权限,可以看到有很多种,这是一个NS_OPTIONS,就是可以同时用于好几个值,常见的有read,write,notify,indicate,知知道这几个基本就够用了,前连个是读写权限,后两个都是通知,两种不同的通知方式。
        /*
         typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, CBCharacteristicProperties) {
         CBCharacteristicPropertyBroadcast                                              = 0x01,
         CBCharacteristicPropertyRead                                                   = 0x02,
         CBCharacteristicPropertyWriteWithoutResponse                                   = 0x04,
         CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite                                                  = 0x08,
         CBCharacteristicPropertyNotify                                                 = 0x10,
         CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicate                                               = 0x20,
         CBCharacteristicPropertyAuthenticatedSignedWrites                              = 0x40,
         CBCharacteristicPropertyExtendedProperties                                     = 0x80,
         CBCharacteristicPropertyNotifyEncryptionRequired NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(NA, 6_0)        = 0x100,
         CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicateEncryptionRequired NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(NA, 6_0)  = 0x200
         };
 
         */
        NSLog(@"%lu", (unsigned long)characteristic.properties);
 
 
        //只有 characteristic.properties 有write的权限才可以写
        if(characteristic.properties & CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite){
            /*
                最好一个type参数可以为CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse或type:CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse,区别是是否会有反馈
            */
            [peripheral writeValue:value forCharacteristic:characteristic type:CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse];
        }else{
            NSLog(@"该字段不可写!");
        }
 
 
    }

  


 

6 订阅Characteristic的通知

//设置通知
    -(void)notifyCharacteristic:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
                characteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic{
        //设置通知,数据通知会进入:didUpdateValueForCharacteristic方法
        [peripheral setNotifyValue:YES forCharacteristic:characteristic];
 
    }
 
    //取消通知
    -(void)cancelNotifyCharacteristic:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
                 characteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic{
 
         [peripheral setNotifyValue:NO forCharacteristic:characteristic];
    }

  


 

7 断开连接(disconnect)

 //停止扫描并断开连接
    -(void)disconnectPeripheral:(CBCentralManager *)centralManager
                     peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral{
        //停止扫描
        [centralManager stopScan];
        //断开连接
        [centralManager cancelPeripheralConnection:peripheral];
    }

  

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