Desired Capabilities详解

Posted 2023-04-11

参考技术A Desired Capabilities在启动session的时候是必须提供的。

Desired Capabilities本质上是key value的对象，它告诉appium server这样一些事情：

本次测试是启动浏览器还是启动移动设备？

是启动andorid还是启动ios？

启动android时，app的package是什么？

启动android时，app的activity是什么？

Appium的Desired Capabilities是扩展了webdriver的Desired Capabilities的，下面的一些通用配置是需要指定的：

automationName：使用哪种自动化引擎。appium（默认）还是Selendroid？

platformName：使用哪种移动平台。iOS, Android, orFirefoxOS？

deviceName：启动哪种设备，是真机还是模拟器？iPhone Simulator, iPad Simulator, iPhone Retina 4-inch, Android Emulator, Galaxy S4, etc...

app：应用的绝对路径，注意一定是绝对路径。如果指定了appPackage和appActivity的话，这个属性是可以不设置的。另外这个属性和browserName属性是冲突的。

browserName：移动浏览器的名称。比如Safari' for iOS and 'Chrome', 'Chromium', or 'Browser' for Android；与app属性互斥。

udid：物理机的id。比如1ae203187fc012g。

下面这些属性是android平台特定的：

appActivity：待测试的app的Activity名字。比如MainActivity, .Settings。注意，原生app的话要在activity前加个"."。

appPackage：待测试的app的java package。比如com.example.android.myApp, com.android.settings。

本文主要讨论android平台的appium测试方法和技巧，因此在这里就不列出ios设备特定的属性了。

更多信息请参考 官方文档

在这里我们发现，我们经常要获取app的package和activity名字，那么有什么工具可以让我们方便的获取到这些信息呢？下一节讲回答这个问题。

Appium Desired Capabilities-General Capabilities

Desired Capabilities are keys and values encoded in a JSON object, sent by Appium clients to the server when a new automation sessionis requested.

They tell the Appium drivers all kinds of important things abouthow you want your test to work.

Each Appium client builds capabilities in a wayspecific to the client‘s language, but at the end of the day, they are sent over to Appium as JSON objects.

There are many, many Capabilities that Appium supports.Capabilities also differ by driver, though there are a standard set that mostdrivers pay attention to.

What follows are a series of tables outlining thevarious Desired Capabilities available in general and for specific drivers.

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General Capabilities

These Capabilities span multiple drivers.

automationName Which  automation engine to use Appium  (default) or Selendroid or UiAutomator2 or Espresso for Android or XCUITest  for iOS or YouiEngine for application built with You.i Engine

platformName Which mobile OS  platform to use iOS, Android,  or FirefoxOS

platformVersion Mobile OS version e.g., 7.1, 4.4

deviceName The kind of  mobile device or emulator to use iPhone  Simulator, iPad Simulator, iPhone Retina 4-inch, Android Emulator, Galaxy S4,  etc.... On iOS, this should be one of the valid devices returned by  instruments with instruments -s devices. On Android this capability is  currently ignored, though it remains required.

app The absolute  local path or remote http URL  to a .ipa file (IOS), .app folder (IOS Simulator), .apk file (Android) or  .apks file (Android App Bundle), or a .zip file containing one of these (for  .app, the .app folder must be the root of the zip file). Appium will attempt  to install this app binary on the appropriate device first. Note that this  capability is not required for Android if you specify appPackage and  appActivity capabilities (see below). Incompatible with browserName. See here  about .apks file. /abs/path/to/my.apk  or http://myapp.com/app.ipa

browserName Name of mobile  web browser to automate. Should be an empty string if automating an app  instead. ‘Safari‘ for  iOS and ‘Chrome‘, ‘Chromium‘, or ‘Browser‘ for Android

newCommandTimeout How long (in  seconds) Appium will wait for a new command from the client before assuming  the client quit and ending the session e.g. 60

language Language to set  for iOS and Android. It is only available for simulator on iOS e.g. fr

locale Locale to set  for iOS and Android. It is only available for simulator on iOS. fr_CA format  for iOS. CA format (country name abbreviation) for Android e.g. fr_CA, CA

udid Unique device  identifier of the connected physical device e.g. 1ae203187fc012g

orientation (Sim/Emu-only)  start in a certain orientation LANDSCAPE or  PORTRAIT

autoWebview Move directly  into Webview context. Default false true, false

noReset Don‘t reset app  state before this session. See here  for more details true, false

fullReset Perform a  complete reset. See here  for more details true, false

eventTimings Enable or  disable the reporting of the timings for various Appium-internal events  (e.g., the start and end of each command, etc.). Defaults to false. To  enable, use true. The timings are then reported as events property on  response to querying the current session. See the event  timing docs for the the structure of this response. e.g., true

enablePerformanceLogging (Web and  webview only) Enable Chromedriver‘s (on Android) or Safari‘s (on iOS)  performance logging (default false) true, false

printPageSourceOnFindFailure When a find  operation fails, print the current page source. Defaults to false. e.g., true