Ansible 入门 - 安装和配置

Posted 2020-09-02 Running Power

本文参考 《Ansible 自动化运维和最佳实践》，这两天刚读这本书，写写总结。主控机环境是 centos 7，被控机均是 centos 6.8 。

确保 python 版本大于 2.6

[[email protected] ~]# python
Python 2.7.5 (default, Nov 20 2015, 02:00:19) 
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-4)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

1、源码安装

可以从 github 下载源码后安装

cd /data1
git clone git://github.com/ansible/ansible.git --recursive
cd ./ansible
easy_install pip
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf
pip install paramiko PyYAML Jinja2 httplib2 six
source ./hacking/env-setup 

如果 github更新版本则需要更新 git 源码树和 git 中的 submodules，该模块是指向 Ansible 自身的模块

重启系统后可能会发现 ansible 命令出问题，这时候需要再次 source，暂时不知道怎么解决，推荐大家使用 yum 源安装。

2、yum 源安装 （推荐）

以下是 EPEL 的浙江大学 yum 源地址，经常更新，如果找不到则直接往上级目录找

• RHEL（centos 5）

rpm -Uvh http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/epel/5/x86_64/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm

• RHEL（centos 6）

rpm -Uvh http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

• RHEL（centos 7）

rpm -Uvh http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/epel/7/x86_64/e/epel-release-7-9.noarch.rpm

# yum clean all
# yum update -y
yum install ansible -y

yum 源更新一般会比较久，请耐心等待，如果不更新可能会遇到其他问题。

如果 rpm 安装错了，例如 centos6 安装了 centos7 的 yum 源， 则会出现 Error: xz compression not available 的错误，需要先卸载

yum remove epel-release
rm -rf /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/epel/

然后重新执行正确命令

3、验证版本

[[email protected] ansible]# ansible --version
ansible 2.3.0 (devel 72c96b3ac3) last updated 2017/03/04 12:07:12 (GMT +800)
  config file = 
  configured module search path = Default w/o overrides
  python version = 2.7.5 (default, Nov  6 2016, 00:28:07) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-11)]

 4、配置文件 ansible.cfg

如果通过 yum 安装或者 pip 安装，那么 ansible.cfg 存放在 /etc/ansible 目录下，如果通过 github 安装则在仓库中的 examples 目录下找到 ansible.cfg 然后拷贝到 /etc/ansible 目录下即可

[defaults]

# some basic default values...

inventory      = /etc/ansible/hosts
library        = /usr/share/my_modules/
module_utils   = /usr/share/my_module_utils/
remote_tmp     = ~/.ansible/tmp
local_tmp      = ~/.ansible/tmp
forks          = 5
poll_interval  = 15
sudo_user      = root
#ask_sudo_pass = True
#ask_pass      = True
transport      = smart
remote_port    = 22
module_lang    = C
module_set_locale = False
log_path = /var/log/ansible.log
host_key_checking = True

[[email protected] examples]# ansible --version
ansible 2.3.0 (devel 72c96b3ac3) last updated 2017/03/04 12:07:12 (GMT +800)
  config file = /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
  configured module search path = [u‘/usr/share/my_modules/‘]
  python version = 2.7.5 (default, Nov  6 2016, 00:28:07) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-11)]

这时候发现 config file 已经有值了

5、配置 inventory

在步骤 [4] 中已经配置了 inventory = /etc/ansible/hosts，所以在主控机编写配置如下

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/ansible/hosts
[webserver]
192.168.34.129
192.168.34.130

6、配置 linux 主机 ssh 无密码访问

如果每台被控机密码都一样则没必要完成这一步，可以在命令行上增加 -k password 参数。

首先生成密钥对，然后将 id_rsa.pub 使用 ssh-copy-id 发送到所有的被控机即可。

ssh-keygen 
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id [-h|-?|-n] [-i [identity_file]] [-p port] [[-o <ssh -o options>] ...] [[email protected]]hostname

[[email protected] ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub [email protected] 
The authenticity of host ‘192.168.34.129 (192.168.34.129)‘ can‘t be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 0e:a7:fc:55:fe:91:fa:e8:c5:b6:44:f2:d0:08:a1:8f.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
[email protected]‘s password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh ‘[email protected]‘"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.