分布式服务框架 dubbo/dubbox 入门示例(转)
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dubbo是一个分布式的服务架构，可直接用于生产环境作为SOA服务框架。
官网首页：http://dubbo.io/ ，官方用户指南 http://dubbo.io/User+Guide-zh.htm上面的几张图画得不错，完全可以当做SOA架构的学习资料
淘宝将这个项目开源出来以后，得到了不少同行的支持，包括：
当当网的扩展版本dubbox ：https://github.com/dangdangdotcom/dubbox
京东的扩展版本jd-hydra: http://www.oschina.net/p/jd-hydra
不过，略有遗憾的是，据说在淘宝内部，dubbo由于跟淘宝另一个类似的框架HSF（非开源）有竞争关系，导致dubbo团队已经解散（参见http://www.oschina.net/news/55059/druid-1-0-9 中的评论），反到是当当网的扩展版本仍在持续发展，墙内开花墙外香。
不管如何，能在阿里、当当、京东这些大型网站正式使用的框架，总不至于差到哪里去。
本文下面的示例均基于当当的dubbox版本，由于dubbox并没向maven提交编译后的jar包，所以只能从github clone代码到本地编译得到jar包。
编译及测试步骤：(以下步骤全在windows环境中完成)
1. 本机先安装github on Windows的客户端，将在path路径中，把git.exe加进去
2. 命令行下 git clone https://github.com/dangdangdotcom/dubbox 把代码拉到本地
3. mvn install -Dmaven.test.skip=true 跳过测试编译
4. 在本机安装一个zookeeper，参考zoo.cfg如下：
tickTime=2000
initLimit=10
syncLimit=5
dataDir=D:/java/zookeeper-3.4.6/data
dataLogDir=D:/java/zookeeper-3.4.6/log
clientPort=2181
server.1=localhost:2287:3387
然后输入 bin/zkServer.cmd 启用zookeeper
5. intellij Idea中导入源码
6. 运行 \\dubbox\\dubbo-demo\\dubbo-demo-provider\\src\\test\\java\\com\\alibaba\\dubbo\\demo\\provider\\DemoProvider.java
把服务提供方跑起来，成功后，可以在ZK里，用 ls / 看下，会发现zk里多出了一个dubbo的节点，所有服务全注册在这里了
7. 运行\\dubbox\\dubbo-demo\\dubbo-demo-consumer\\src\\test\\java\\com\\alibaba\\dubbo\\demo\\consumer\\DemoConsumer.java
服务消费方调用测试，可以看console里的输出
8. 运行\\dubbox\\dubbo-demo\\dubbo-demo-consumer\\src\\test\\java\\com\\alibaba\\dubbo\\demo\\consumer\\RestClient.java
跑一下rest调用
9. 浏览器访问 http://localhost:8888/services/users/100.xml 或 http://localhost:8888/services/users/100.json
dubbox官方的示例，虽然已经很简单了，但是对于初次接触的人来讲，仍然略显复杂，下面的代码在其基础上简化了一下：
一、先定义服务接口及传输对象DTO
项目结构如下
代码：
User.java
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package yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.api;import org.codehaus.jackson.annotate.JsonProperty;import javax.validation.constraints.Min;import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;import javax.validation.constraints.Size;import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessType;import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessorType;import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement;import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;import java.io.Serializable;@XmlRootElement@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)public class User implements Serializable { @NotNull @Min(1L) private Long id; @JsonProperty("username") @XmlElement(name = "username") @NotNull @Size(min = 6, max = 50) private String name; public User() { } public User(Long id, String name) { this.id = id; this.name = name; } public Long getId() { return id; } public void setId(Long id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } @Override public String toString() { return "User (" + "id=" + id + ", name=‘" + name + ‘\\‘‘ + ‘)‘; }} |
UserService.java
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package yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.api;public interface UserService { User getUser(Long id);} |
UserRestService.java
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package yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.api;import javax.validation.constraints.Min;public interface UserRestService { User getUser(@Min(value = 1L, message = "User ID must be greater than 1") Long id);} |
pom.xml
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> 5 6 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 7 8 <groupId>com.cnblogs.yjmyzz</groupId> 9 <artifactId>dubbo-hello-api</artifactId> 10 <version>0.1</version> 11 12 <dependencies> 13 14 <dependency> 15 <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> 16 <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId> 17 <version>2.8.4</version> 18 </dependency> 19 20 <dependency> 21 <groupId>javax.validation</groupId> 22 <artifactId>validation-api</artifactId> 23 <version>1.0.0.GA</version> 24 </dependency> 25 26 <dependency> 27 <groupId>javax.annotation</groupId> 28 <artifactId>javax.annotation-api</artifactId> 29 <version>1.2</version> 30 </dependency> 31 32 <dependency> 33 <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId> 34 <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId> 35 <version>1.9.12</version> 36 </dependency> 37 38 </dependencies> 39 </project>
二、定义服务生产者（即：服务接口的实现方）
UserServiceImpl.java
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package yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.provider;import yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.api.User;import yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.api.UserService;public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService { public User getUser(Long id) { return new User(id, "username" + id); }} |
UserRestServiceImpl.java
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package yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.provider;import com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.RpcContext;import com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.rest.support.ContentType;import yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.api.User;import yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.api.UserRestService;import yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.api.UserService;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import javax.ws.rs.*;import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;@Path("users")@Consumes({MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON, MediaType.TEXT_XML})@Produces({ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF_8, ContentType.TEXT_XML_UTF_8})public class UserRestServiceImpl implements UserRestService { private UserService userService; public void setUserService(UserService userService) { this.userService = userService; } @GET @Path("{id : \\\\d+}") public User getUser(@PathParam("id") Long id) { if (RpcContext.getContext().getRequest(HttpServletRequest.class) != null) { System.out.println("Client IP address from RpcContext: " + RpcContext.getContext().getRequest(HttpServletRequest.class).getRemoteAddr()); } if (RpcContext.getContext().getResponse(HttpServletResponse.class) != null) { System.out.println("Response object from RpcContext: " + RpcContext.getContext().getResponse(HttpServletResponse.class)); } return userService.getUser(id); }} |
DemoProvider.java
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package yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.provider;import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;import java.io.IOException;public class DemoProvider { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath*:META-INF/spring/*.xml"); context.start(); System.out.println("服务已经启动..."); System.in.read(); }} |
配置文件：resources\\META-INF\\spring\\dubbo-demo-provider.xml
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 3 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 4 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 5 xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo" 6 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd 7 http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd"> 8 9 <dubbo:application name="demo-provider" owner="programmer" organization="dubbox"/> 10 11 <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181"/> 12 13 <dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" serialization="kryo" optimizer="yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.api.SerializationOptimizerImpl"/> 14 15 <!-- use tomcat server --> 16 <dubbo:protocol name="rest" port="8888" threads="500" contextpath="services" server="tomcat" accepts="500" 17 extension="com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.rest.support.LoggingFilter"/> 18 19 20 <dubbo:service interface="yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.api.UserService" ref="userService" protocol="dubbo" /> 21 22 <dubbo:service interface="yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.api.UserRestService" ref="userRestService" protocol="rest" validation="true"/> 23 24 <bean id="userService" class="yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.provider.UserServiceImpl"/> 25 26 <bean id="userRestService" class="yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.provider.UserRestServiceImpl"> 27 <property name="userService" ref="userService"/> 28 </bean> 29 30 31 </beans>
pom.xml
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> 5 6 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 7 8 <groupId>com.cnblogs.yjmyzz</groupId> 9 <artifactId>dubbo-hello-provider</artifactId> 10 <version>0.1</version> 11 12 <dependencies> 13 14 <!--公用的服务接口--> 15 <dependency> 16 <groupId>com.cnblogs.yjmyzz</groupId> 17 <artifactId>dubbo-hello-api</artifactId> 18 <version>0.1</version> 19 </dependency> 20 21 <dependency> 22 <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> 23 <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId> 24 <version>2.8.4</version> 25 </dependency> 26 27 <dependency> 28 <groupId>org.javassist</groupId> 29 <artifactId>javassist</artifactId> 30 <version>3.15.0-GA</version> 31 </dependency> 32 33 <dependency> 34 <groupId>org.apache.mina</groupId> 35 <artifactId>mina-core</artifactId> 36 <version>1.1.7</version> 37 </dependency> 38 39 <dependency> 40 <groupId>org.glassfish.grizzly</groupId> 41 <artifactId>grizzly-core</artifactId> 42 <version>2.1.4</version> 43 </dependency> 44 45 <dependency> 46 <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> 47 <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId> 48 <version>4.2.1</version> 49 </dependency> 50 51 <dependency> 52 <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> 53 <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> 54 <version>1.1.39</version> 55 </dependency> 56 57 <dependency> 58 <groupId>com.thoughtworks.xstream</groupId> 59 <artifactId>xstream</artifactId> 60 <version>1.4.1</version> 61 </dependency> 62 63 <dependency> 64 <groupId>org.apache.bsf</groupId> 65 <artifactId>bsf-api</artifactId> 66 <version>3.1</version> 67 </dependency> 68 69 <dependency> 70 <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId> 71 <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId> 72 <version>3.4.6</version> 73 </dependency> 74 75 <dependency> 76 <groupId>com.github.sgroschupf</groupId> 77 <artifactId>zkclient</artifactId> 78 <version>0.1</version> 79 </dependency> 80 81 <dependency> 82 <groupId>org.apache.curator</groupId> 83 <artifactId>curator-framework</artifactId> 84 <version>2.5.0</version> 85 </dependency> 86 87 <dependency> 88 <groupId>com.googlecode.xmemcached</groupId> 89 <artifactId>xmemcached</artifactId> 90 <version>1.3.6</version> 91 </dependency> 92 93 <dependency> 94 <groupId>org.apache.cxf</groupId> 95 <artifactId>cxf-rt-frontend-simple</artifactId> 96 <version>2.6.1</version> 97 </dependency> 98 99 <dependency> 100 <groupId>org.apache.cxf</groupId> 101 <artifactId>cxf-rt-transports-http</artifactId> 102 <version>2.6.1</version> 103 </dependency> 104 105 <dependency> 106 <groupId>org.apache.thrift</groupId> 107 <artifactId>libthrift</artifactId> 108 <version>0.8.0</version> 109 </dependency> 110 111 <dependency> 112 <groupId>com.caucho</groupId> 113 <artifactId>hessian</artifactId> 114 <version>4.0.7</version> 115 </dependency> 116 117 <dependency> 118 <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> 119 <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> 120 <version>3.1.0</version> 121 </dependency> 122 123 <dependency> 124 <groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId> 125 <artifactId>jetty</artifactId> 126 <version>6.1.26</version> 127 <exclusions> 128 <exclusion> 129 <groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId> 130 <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> 131 </exclusion> 132 </exclusions> 133 </dependency> 134 135 <dependency> 136 <groupId>log4j</groupId> 137 <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> 138 <version>1.2.16</version> 139 </dependency> 140 141 <dependency> 142 <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> 143 <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> 144 <version>1.6.2</version> 145 </dependency> 146 147 <dependency> 148 <groupId>redis.clients</groupId> 149 <artifactId>jedis</artifactId> 150 <version>2.1.0</version> 151 </dependency> 152 153 <dependency> 154 <groupId>javax.validation</groupId> 155 <artifactId>validation-api</artifactId> 156 <version>1.0.0.GA</version> 157 </dependency> 158 159 <dependency> 160 <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> 161 <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId> 162 <version>4.2.0.Final</version> 163 </dependency> 164 165 <dependency> 166 <groupId>javax.cache</groupId> 167 <artifactId>cache-api</artifactId> 168 <version>0.4</version> 169 </dependency> 170 171 <dependency> 172 <groupId>org.jboss.resteasy</groupId> 173 <artifactId>resteasy-jaxrs</artifactId> 174 <version>3.0.7.Final</version> 175 </dependency> 176 177 <dependency> 178 <groupId>org.jboss.resteasy</groupId> 179 <artifactId>resteasy-client</artifactId> 180 <version>3.0.7.Final</version> 181 </dependency> 182 183 <dependency> 184 <groupId>org.jboss.resteasy</groupId> 185 <artifactId>resteasy-netty</artifactId> 186 <version>3.0.7.Final</version> 187 </dependency> 188 189 <dependency> 190 <groupId>org.jboss.resteasy</groupId> 191 <artifactId>resteasy-jdk-http</artifactId> 192 <version>3.0.7.Final</version> 193 </dependency> 194 195 <dependency> 196 <groupId>org.jboss.resteasy</groupId> 197 <artifactId>resteasy-jackson-provider</artifactId> 198 <version>3.0.7.Final</version> 199 </dependency> 200 201 <dependency> 202 <groupId>org.jboss.resteasy</groupId> 203 <artifactId>resteasy-jaxb-provider</artifactId> 204 <version>3.0.7.Final</version> 205 </dependency> 206 207 <dependency> 208 <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId> 209 <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId> 210 <version>8.0.11</version> 211 </dependency> 212 213 <dependency> 214 <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId> 215 <artifactId>tomcat-embed-logging-juli</artifactId> 216 <version>8.0.11</version> 217 </dependency> 218 219 <dependency> 220 <groupId>com.esotericsoftware.kryo</groupId> 221 <artifactId>kryo</artifactId> 222 <version>2.24.0</version> 223 </dependency> 224 225 <dependency> 226 <groupId>de.javakaffee</groupId> 227 <artifactId>kryo-serializers</artifactId> 228 <version>0.26</version> 229 </dependency> 230 231 <dependency> 232 <groupId>de.ruedigermoeller</groupId> 233 <artifactId>fst</artifactId> 234 <version>1.55</version> 235 </dependency> 236 237 </dependencies> 238 239 240 </project>
测试时，运行DemoProvider中的main方法即可启动服务，所有服务注册在ZooKeeper，层次结构类似下面这样：
/dubbo
/dubbo/yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.api.UserRestService
/dubbo/yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.api.UserRestService/providers
/dubbo/yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.api.UserRestService/configurators
/dubbo/yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.api.UserService
/dubbo/yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.api.UserService/providers
/dubbo/yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.api.UserService/configurators
三、服务消费方
DemoConsumer.java
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package yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.consumer;import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;import yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.api.UserService;import javax.ws.rs.client.Client;import javax.ws.rs.client.ClientBuilder;import javax.ws.rs.client.WebTarget;import javax.ws.rs.core.Response;public class DemoConsumer { public static void main(String[] args) { final String port = "8888"; //测试Rest服务 //测试常规服务 ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath*:META-INF/spring/*.xml"); context.start(); UserService userService = context.getBean(UserService.class); System.out.println(userService.getUser(1L)); } private static void getUser(String url) { System.out.println("Getting user via " + url); Client client = ClientBuilder.newClient(); WebTarget target = client.target(url); Response response = target.request().get(); try { if (response.getStatus() != 200) { throw new RuntimeException("Failed with HTTP error code : " + response.getStatus()); } System.out.println("Successfully got result: " + response.readEntity(String.class)); } finally { response.close(); client.close(); } }} |
配置文件：resources\\META-INF\\spring\\dubbo-hello-consumer.xml
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4 xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo" 5 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd 6 http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd"> 7 8 <dubbo:application name="demo-consumer" owner="programmer" organization="dubbox"/> 9 10 <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181"/> 11 12 <dubbo:reference id="userRestService" interface="yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.api.UserRestService"/> 13 14 <dubbo:reference id="userService" interface="yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.api.UserService"/> 15 16 </beans>
pom.xml
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> 5 6 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 7 8 <groupId>com.cnblogs.yjmyzz</groupId> 9 <artifactId>dubbo-hello-consumer</artifactId> 10 <version>0.1</version> 11 12 13 <dependencies> 14 <!--公用的服务接口--> 15 <dependency> 16 <groupId>com.cnblogs.yjmyzz</groupId> 17 <artifactId>dubbo-hello-api</artifactId> 18 <version>0.1</version> 19 </dependency> 20 21 22 <dependency> 23 <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> 24 <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId> 25 <version>2.8.4</version> 26 </dependency> 27 28 <dependency> 29 <groupId>org.javassist</groupId> 30 <artifactId>javassist</artifactId> 31 <version>3.15.0-GA</version> 32 </dependency> 33 34 <dependency> 35 <groupId>org.apache.mina</groupId> 36 <artifactId>mina-core</artifactId> 37 <version>1.1.7</version> 38 </dependency> 39 40 <dependency> 41 <groupId>org.glassfish.grizzly</groupId> 42 <artifactId>grizzly-core</artifactId> 43 <version>2.1.4</version> 44 </dependency> 45 46 <dependency> 47 <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> 48 <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId> 49 <version>4.2.1</version> 50 </dependency> 51 52 <dependency> 53 <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> 54 <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> 55 <version>1.1.39</version> 56 </dependency> 57 58 <dependency> 59 <groupId>com.thoughtworks.xstream</groupId> 60 <artifactId>xstream</artifactId> 61 <version>1.4.1</version> 62 </dependency> 63 64 <dependency> 65 <groupId>org.apache.bsf</groupId> 66 <artifactId>bsf-api</artifactId> 67 <version>3.1</version> 68 </dependency> 69 70 <dependency> 71 <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId> 72 <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId> 73 <version>3.4.6</version> 74 </dependency> 75 76 <dependency> 77 <groupId>com.github.sgroschupf</groupId> 78 <artifactId>zkclient</artifactId> 79 <version>0.1</version> 80 </dependency> 81 82 <dependency> 83 <groupId>org.apache.curator</groupId> 84 <artifactId>curator-framework</artifactId> 85 <version>2.5.0</version> 86 </dependency> 87 88 <dependency> 89 <groupId>com.googlecode.xmemcached</groupId> 90 <artifactId>xmemcached</artifactId> 91 <version>1.3.6</version> 92 </dependency> 93 94 <dependency> 95 <groupId>org.apache.cxf</groupId> 96 <artifactId>cxf-rt-frontend-simple</artifactId> 97 <version>2.6.1</version> 98 </dependency> 99 100 <dependency> 101 <groupId>org.apache.cxf</groupId> 102 <artifactId>cxf-rt-transports-http</artifactId> 103 <version>2.6.1</version> 104 </dependency> 105 106 <dependency> 107 <groupId>org.apache.thrift</groupId> 108 <artifactId>libthrift</artifactId> 109 <version>0.8.0</version> 110 </dependenc
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