作业-树状结构设计
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作业:树状结构的设计
在同一个类中使用OneToMany和ManyToOne
首先想数据库的模型,再想面向对象的模型,然后再来想怎么去做映射,做完映射在想怎么去做CRUD。
1.首先设计数据库的模型
应该是Id、parent_Id.单一父亲,好多孩子这就是一棵树。
数据库首先存在的属性有:
Id<int> parent_Id<int> name<String>
例子:
ID Parent_ID 公司
1 null 分公司1
2 1 分公司2
3 2 分公司2_1
实体类:
package cn.edu.hpu.treeStruct; import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.Set; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.ManyToOne; import javax.persistence.OneToMany; @Entity public class Org { private int id; private String name; private Set<Org> children=new HashSet<Org>(); private Org parent; @Id @GeneratedValue public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } @OneToMany public Set<Org> getChildren() { return children; } public void setChildren(Set<Org> children) { this.children = children; } @ManyToOne
@joinColumn(name = "parent_id") public Org getParent() { return parent; } public void setParent(Org parent) { this.parent = parent; } }
如何来理解这张表,我们假设有三张表(都是id、name)。
A、B、C假设B的父亲是A,B的孩子是C,B通过parent_id去参考父亲A的ID,
C通过parent_id去找父亲B。只不过是多张表合成一张表。然后每一个人
的parent_id都去参考另外一条记录了,也就是参考自身这张表。是
一对多和多对一的双向关联关系。
测试,输出的建表sql语句:
alter table Org
drop
foreign key FK136C4424F8DF5
drop table if exists Org
create table Org (
id integer not null auto_increment,
name varchar(255),
parent_id integer,
primary key (id)
)
alter table Org
add index FK136C4424F8DF5 (parent_id),
add constraint FK136C4424F8DF5
foreign key (parent_id)
references Org (id)
添加测试:
@Test public void testTreeAdd(){ Org o=new Org(); o.setName("总公司"); Org o1=new Org(); o1.setName("分公司1"); Org o2=new Org(); o2.setName("分公司2"); Org o11=new Org(); o11.setName("分公司1下公司1"); Org o12=new Org(); o12.setName("分公司1下公司2"); o.getChildren().add(o1); o.getChildren().add(o2); o.getChildren().add(o11); o.getChildren().add(o12); o11.setParent(o1); o12.setParent(o1); o1.setParent(o); o2.setParent(o); //可以先存父亲,再存孩子,也可以让Org的Childern设置CascadeType.ALL //这里用的是设置CascadeType.ALL,所以只存父亲就可以了 sessionFactory=new AnnotationConfiguration().configure().buildSessionFactory(); Session session=sessionFactory.openSession(); session.beginTransaction(); session.save(o); session.getTransaction().commit(); session.close(); }
输出的sql语句:
Hibernate:
insert
into
Org
(name, parent_id)
values
(?, ?)
Hibernate:
insert
into
Org
(name, parent_id)
values
(?, ?)
Hibernate:
insert
into
Org
(name, parent_id)
values
(?, ?)
Hibernate:
insert
into
Org
(name, parent_id)
values
(?, ?)
Hibernate:
insert
into
Org
(name, parent_id)
values
(?, ?)
Hibernate:
update
Org
set
name=?,
parent_id=?
where
id=?
Hibernate:
update
Org
set
name=?,
parent_id=?
where
id=?
结果:
id name parent_id
1 总公司 null
2 分公司1下公司1 5
3 分公司1下公司2 5
4 分公司2 1
5 分公司1 1
读取测试(用递归):
简单的方式就是Org的Childern设置fetch=FetchType.EAGER,最好的方式是递归。
首先用fetch=FetchType.EAGER测试:
@Test public void testTreeLoad(){ sessionFactory=new AnnotationConfiguration().configure().buildSessionFactory(); Session session=sessionFactory.openSession(); session.beginTransaction(); Org o =(Org) session.load(Org.class,1); Treeprint(o); session.getTransaction().commit(); session.close(); } private void Treeprint(Org o) { System.out.println(o.getName()); for(Org child:o.getChildren()){ Treeprint(child); } }
测试结果:
Hibernate:
select
org0_.id as id0_1_,
org0_.name as name0_1_,
org0_.parent_id as parent3_0_1_,
children1_.parent_id as parent3_0_3_,
children1_.id as id3_,
children1_.id as id0_0_,
children1_.name as name0_0_,
children1_.parent_id as parent3_0_0_
from
Org org0_
left outer join
Org children1_
on org0_.id=children1_.parent_id
where
org0_.id=?
Hibernate:
select
children0_.parent_id as parent3_0_1_,
children0_.id as id1_,
children0_.id as id0_0_,
children0_.name as name0_0_,
children0_.parent_id as parent3_0_0_
from
Org children0_
where
children0_.parent_id=?
Hibernate:
select
children0_.parent_id as parent3_0_1_,
children0_.id as id1_,
children0_.id as id0_0_,
children0_.name as name0_0_,
children0_.parent_id as parent3_0_0_
from
Org children0_
where
children0_.parent_id=?
Hibernate:
select
children0_.parent_id as parent3_0_1_,
children0_.id as id1_,
children0_.id as id0_0_,
children0_.name as name0_0_,
children0_.parent_id as parent3_0_0_
from
Org children0_
where
children0_.parent_id=?
Hibernate:
select
children0_.parent_id as parent3_0_1_,
children0_.id as id1_,
children0_.id as id0_0_,
children0_.name as name0_0_,
children0_.parent_id as parent3_0_0_
from
Org children0_
where
children0_.parent_id=?
总公司
分公司1
分公司1下公司2
分公司1下公司1
分公司2
如何展现成树状?
@Test public void testTreeLoad(){ sessionFactory=new AnnotationConfiguration().configure().buildSessionFactory(); Session session=sessionFactory.openSession(); session.beginTransaction(); Org o =(Org) session.load(Org.class,1); Treeprint(o,0); session.getTransaction().commit(); session.close(); } private void Treeprint(Org o,int level) { //level是构建树状前的缩进 String preStr=""; for(int i=0;i<level;i++){ preStr+="----"; } System.out.println(preStr+o.getName()); for(Org child:o.getChildren()){ Treeprint(child,level+1); } }
测试结果:
总公司
----分公司2
----分公司1
--------分公司1下公司2
--------分公司1下公司1
如果这棵树非常大我们用EAGER就不合适了,需要把它去掉了,什么时候需要(get)才从DB拿出。
也就是使用LAZY的方式,什么时候需要的时候才发送QL 从DB中获取
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