命令行展开
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[[email protected] tmp]# mkdir {a,b}_{c,d} [[email protected] tmp]# ll total 16 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 7 23:51 a_c drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 7 23:51 a_d drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 7 23:51 b_c drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 7 23:51 b_d
[[email protected] mylinux]# mkdir -p {bin,boot/grub,dev,etc/{rc.d/init.d,sysconfig/network-scripts},lib/modules,lib64,proc,sbin,sys,tmp,usr/local/{bin,sbin},var/{lock,log,run}} [[email protected] mylinux]# tree -a . |-- bin |-- boot | `-- grub |-- dev |-- etc | |-- rc.d | | `-- init.d | `-- sysconfig | `-- network-scripts |-- lib | `-- modules |-- lib64 |-- proc |-- sbin |-- sys |-- tmp |-- usr | `-- local | |-- bin | `-- sbin `-- var |-- lock |-- log `-- run
[[email protected] mylinux]# alias boot=‘who -b‘ [[email protected] mylinux]# boot system boot Feb 6 11:03
[[email protected] ~]# a=`ls -l` [[email protected] ~]# echo $a 总用量 4 -rw-------. 1 root root 964 2月 8 13:23 anaconda-ks.cfg [[email protected] ~]# a=$(w) [[email protected] ~]# echo $a 13:50:13 up 21 min, 2 users, load average: 1.10, 0.57, 0.26 USER TTY FROM [email protected] IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT root tty1 13:42 3:49 53.34s 53.17s /usr/bin/python /bin/yum update -y root pts/0 192.168.88.110 13:49 5.00s 0.04s 0.02s w [[email protected] ~]# echo ${a} 13:50:13 up 21 min, 2 users, load average: 1.10, 0.57, 0.26 USER TTY FROM [email protected] IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT root tty1 13:42 3:49 53.34s 53.17s /usr/bin/python /bin/yum update -y root pts/0 192.168.88.110 13:49 5.00s 0.04s 0.02s w
#显示/var目录下所有以l开头，以一个小写字母结尾，且中间至少出现一位数字（可以有其它字符）的文件或目录 [[email protected] var]# ls -d l*[[:digit:]]*[[:lower:]] l0001a l222ccc
#显示/etc目录下，以任意一个数字开头，且以非数字结尾的文件或目录 [[email protected] etc]# touch 4ccd [[email protected] etc]# mkdir 5aj [[email protected] etc]# ls -d /etc/[0-9]*[^0-9] /etc/4ccd /etc/5aj
#显示/etc目录下，以非字母开头，后面跟了一个字母以及其它任意长度任意字符的文件或目录 [[email protected] etc]# touch 6Aj [[email protected] etc]# mkdir 7JD [[email protected] etc]# ls -d /etc/[^a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z]* /etc/4ccd /etc/5aj /etc/6Aj /etc/7JD
#在/tmp目录下创建以tfile开头，后跟当前日期和时间的文件，文件名形如：tfile–2016–05–27–09–32–22 [[email protected] tmp]# touch tfile-$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S) [[email protected] tmp]# ll 总用量 0 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 2月 8 14:54 tfile-2017-02-08-14-54-14
#复制/etc目录下所有以p开头，以非数字结尾的文件或目录到/tmp/mytest1目录中 [[email protected] tmp]# cd /etc [[email protected] etc]# mkdir /tmp/mytest1 [[email protected] etc]# cp -rv p*[^0-9] "pam.d" -> "python/pam.d" "pam.d/config-util" -> "python/pam.d/config-util" "pam.d/other" -> "python/pam.d/other" "pam.d/chfn" -> "python/pam.d/chfn" "pam.d/chsh" -> "python/pam.d/chsh" "pam.d/login" -> "python/pam.d/login" "pam.d/remote" -> "python/pam.d/remote" "pam.d/runuser" -> "python/pam.d/runuser" "pam.d/runuser-l" -> "python/pam.d/runuser-l" "pam.d/su" -> "python/pam.d/su" "pam.d/su-l" -> "python/pam.d/su-l" "pam.d/systemd-user" -> "python/pam.d/systemd-user" "pam.d/polkit-1" -> "python/pam.d/polkit-1" "pam.d/crond" -> "python/pam.d/crond" "pam.d/ppp" -> "python/pam.d/ppp" "pam.d/vlock" -> "python/pam.d/vlock" "pam.d/smtp.postfix" -> "python/pam.d/smtp.postfix" "pam.d/smtp" -> "python/pam.d/smtp" "pam.d/sshd" -> "python/pam.d/sshd" "pam.d/passwd" -> "python/pam.d/passwd" "pam.d/sudo" -> "python/pam.d/sudo" "pam.d/sudo-i" -> "python/pam.d/sudo-i" "pam.d/system-auth-ac" -> "python/pam.d/system-auth-ac" "pam.d/system-auth" -> "python/pam.d/system-auth" "pam.d/postlogin-ac" -> "python/pam.d/postlogin-ac" "pam.d/postlogin" -> "python/pam.d/postlogin" "pam.d/password-auth-ac" -> "python/pam.d/password-auth-ac" "pam.d/password-auth" -> "python/pam.d/password-auth" "pam.d/fingerprint-auth-ac" -> "python/pam.d/fingerprint-auth-ac" "pam.d/fingerprint-auth" -> "python/pam.d/fingerprint-auth" "pam.d/smartcard-auth-ac" -> "python/pam.d/smartcard-auth-ac" "pam.d/smartcard-auth" -> "python/pam.d/smartcard-auth" "passwd" -> "python/passwd" "passwd-" -> "python/passwd-" "pki" -> "python/pki" "pki/rpm-gpg" -> "python/pki/rpm-gpg" "pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7" -> "python/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7" "pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-7" -> "python/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-7" "pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7" -> "python/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7" "pki/tls" -> "python/pki/tls" "pki/tls/certs" -> "python/pki/tls/certs" "pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt" -> "python/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt" "pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.trust.crt" -> "python/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.trust.crt" "pki/tls/certs/Makefile" -> "python/pki/tls/certs/Makefile" "pki/tls/certs/make-dummy-cert" -> "python/pki/tls/certs/make-dummy-cert" "pki/tls/certs/renew-dummy-cert" -> "python/pki/tls/certs/renew-dummy-cert" "pki/tls/misc" -> "python/pki/tls/misc" "pki/tls/misc/CA" -> "python/pki/tls/misc/CA" "pki/tls/misc/c_hash" -> "python/pki/tls/misc/c_hash" "pki/tls/misc/c_info" -> "python/pki/tls/misc/c_info" "pki/tls/misc/c_issuer" -> "python/pki/tls/misc/c_issuer" "pki/tls/misc/c_name" -> "python/pki/tls/misc/c_name" "pki/tls/openssl.cnf" -> "python/pki/tls/openssl.cnf" "pki/tls/private" -> "python/pki/tls/private" "pki/tls/cert.pem" -> "python/pki/tls/cert.pem" "pki/ca-trust" -> "python/pki/ca-trust" "pki/ca-trust/README" -> "python/pki/ca-trust/README" "pki/ca-trust/ca-legacy.conf" -> "python/pki/ca-trust/ca-legacy.conf" "pki/ca-trust/extracted" -> "python/pki/ca-trust/extracted" "pki/ca-trust/extracted/README" -> "python/pki/ca-trust/extracted/README" "pki/ca-trust/extracted/java" -> "python/pki/ca-trust/extracted/java" "pki/ca-trust/extracted/java/README" -> "python/pki/ca-trust/extracted/java/README" "pki/ca-trust/extracted/java/cacerts" -> "python/pki/ca-trust/extracted/java/cacerts" "pki/ca-trust/extracted/openssl" -> "python/pki/ca-trust/extracted/openssl" "pki/ca-trust/extracted/openssl/README" -> "python/pki/ca-trust/extracted/openssl/README" "pki/ca-trust/extracted/openssl/ca-bundle.trust.crt" -> "python/pki/ca-trust/extracted/openssl/ca-bundle.trust.crt" "pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem" -> "python/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem" "pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/README" -> "python/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/README" "pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/tls-ca-bundle.pem" -> "python/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/tls-ca-bundle.pem" "pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/email-ca-bundle.pem" -> "python/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/email-ca-bundle.pem" "pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/objsign-ca-bundle.pem" -> "python/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/objsign-ca-bundle.pem" "pki/ca-trust/source" -> "python/pki/ca-trust/source" "pki/ca-trust/source/README" -> "python/pki/ca-trust/source/README" "pki/ca-trust/source/anchors" -> "python/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors" "pki/ca-trust/source/blacklist" -> "python/pki/ca-trust/source/blacklist" "pki/ca-trust/source/ca-bundle.legacy.crt" -> "python/pki/ca-trust/source/ca-bundle.legacy.crt" "pki/java" -> "python/pki/java" "pki/java/cacerts" -> "python/pki/java/cacerts" "pki/nssdb" -> "python/pki/nssdb" "pki/nssdb/cert8.db" -> "python/pki/nssdb/cert8.db" "pki/nssdb/cert9.db" -> "python/pki/nssdb/cert9.db" "pki/nssdb/key3.db" -> "python/pki/nssdb/key3.db" "pki/nssdb/key4.db" -> "python/pki/nssdb/key4.db" "pki/nssdb/pkcs11.txt" -> "python/pki/nssdb/pkcs11.txt" "pki/nssdb/secmod.db" -> "python/pki/nssdb/secmod.db" "pki/CA" -> "python/pki/CA" "pki/CA/certs" -> "python/pki/CA/certs" "pki/CA/crl" -> "python/pki/CA/crl" "pki/CA/newcerts" -> "python/pki/CA/newcerts" "pki/CA/private" -> "python/pki/CA/private" "pki/rsyslog" -> "python/pki/rsyslog" "plymouth" -> "python/plymouth" "plymouth/plymouthd.conf" -> "python/plymouth/plymouthd.conf" "pm" -> "python/pm" "pm/config.d" -> "python/pm/config.d" "pm/power.d" -> "python/pm/power.d" "pm/sleep.d" -> "python/pm/sleep.d" "popt.d" -> "python/popt.d" "postfix" -> "python/postfix" "postfix/access" -> "python/postfix/access" "postfix/canonical" -> "python/postfix/canonical" "postfix/generic" -> "python/postfix/generic" "postfix/header_checks" -> "python/postfix/header_checks" "postfix/main.cf" -> "python/postfix/main.cf" "postfix/master.cf" -> "python/postfix/master.cf" "postfix/relocated" -> "python/postfix/relocated" "postfix/transport" -> "python/postfix/transport" "postfix/virtual" -> "python/postfix/virtual" "ppp" -> "python/ppp" "ppp/ip-down" -> "python/ppp/ip-down" "ppp/ip-down.ipv6to4" -> "python/ppp/ip-down.ipv6to4" "ppp/ip-up" -> "python/ppp/ip-up" "ppp/ip-up.ipv6to4" -> "python/ppp/ip-up.ipv6to4" "ppp/ipv6-down" -> "python/ppp/ipv6-down" "ppp/ipv6-up" -> "python/ppp/ipv6-up" "ppp/peers" -> "python/ppp/peers" "ppp/chap-secrets" -> "python/ppp/chap-secrets" "ppp/eaptls-client" -> "python/ppp/eaptls-client" "ppp/eaptls-server" -> "python/ppp/eaptls-server" "ppp/options" -> "python/ppp/options" "ppp/pap-secrets" -> "python/ppp/pap-secrets" "prelink.conf.d" -> "python/prelink.conf.d" "prelink.conf.d/nss-softokn-prelink.conf" -> "python/prelink.conf.d/nss-softokn-prelink.conf" "prelink.conf.d/fipscheck.conf" -> "python/prelink.conf.d/fipscheck.conf" "prelink.conf.d/grub2.conf" -> "python/prelink.conf.d/grub2.conf" "printcap" -> "python/printcap" "profile" -> "python/profile" "profile.d" -> "python/profile.d" "profile.d/colorgrep.csh" -> "python/profile.d/colorgrep.csh" "profile.d/colorgrep.sh" -> "python/profile.d/colorgrep.sh" "profile.d/which2.csh" -> "python/profile.d/which2.csh" "profile.d/which2.sh" -> "python/profile.d/which2.sh" "profile.d/less.csh" -> "python/profile.d/less.csh" "profile.d/less.sh" -> "python/profile.d/less.sh" "profile.d/colorls.csh" -> "python/profile.d/colorls.csh" "profile.d/colorls.sh" -> "python/profile.d/colorls.sh" "profile.d/256term.csh" -> "python/profile.d/256term.csh" "profile.d/256term.sh" -> "python/profile.d/256term.sh" "profile.d/lang.csh" -> "python/profile.d/lang.csh" "profile.d/lang.sh" -> "python/profile.d/lang.sh" "protocols" -> "python/protocols"
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