哪里有有关化学(主要是化妆品)方面的英语

Posted 2023-04-05

参考技术A Acne
青春痘用品
Active
赋活用
After
sun
日晒后用品
LAIT
REHYDRDTION
Alcohol-free
无酒精
Anti-
抗、防
ANTI
Anti-wrinkle
抗老防皱
ANTI
RIDE
Balancing
平衡酸碱
Blusher
腮红
JOUCS
CONTRASTE
Clean-
清洁用
CLARIF-
Combination
混合性皮肤
PEAUX
NORMALES
et
MIXTES
Cottect-
遮瑕膏
ESTOMPE
LUMERE
Cream
霜
CREME
Day
日间用
Dry
干性皮肤
PEAUX
Essnece
精华液
SERUM
Exfoliator
去角质
Eye
gel
眼胶
Eye
mask
眼膜
Eye
shadow
眼影
Eyeliner
眼线(笔、刷)
Facial
脸部用
VISAGE
Fast
dry
快干
Firm
紧肤
Foam
泡沫
MOUSSE
Foundation
粉底
TEINT
Freshener
化妆水
LOTION
Gel
胶状
GEL
Gentle
温和的
Hydra-
保湿用
HYDRA-
Lip
brillant
唇彩
Lip
care
护唇用
Lip
coat
口红护膜
Lipstick
口红
ROUGE
ALEVRE
Liquid-
液状
Long
lasting
持久性
Lotion
水、露
LAIT、FLUIDE
Losse
powder
蜜粉
POUDRE
Makeup
粉底
Mask
面膜
MASQUE
Mascara
睫毛膏
CILS
MAGIQUES
Milk
乳
Moisture
保湿
HYDRA-
Mult-
多元
Nail
color
指甲油
LE
VERNIS
Nail
enamel
指甲油
Nail
polish
指甲油
Nail
saver
护甲液
Normal
中性皮肤
NutrITious
滋养
Oil-control
抑制油脂
Oily
油性皮肤
LA
PEAU
GRASSES
Pack
剥撕式面膜
Peeling
敷面剥落式面膜
Pressed
powder
粉饼
Purify-
清洁用
PURIFIANT
Quick
dry
快干
Remover
去除、卸妆
DEMAQUILLANT
Repair
修护
REPARER
RevITalITe
活化
REVITALISANT
Scrub
磨砂式(去角质)
EXFOLIANT
SensITive
敏感性皮肤
SENSIBLE
Shading
powder
修容饼
Solvent
溶解
Spot
青春痘用
Sun
block
防晒用
ANTI-SOLAIRE
Tanning
仿晒用品
LAIT
AUTIBRONZANT
Toning
lotion
化妆水
TONIQUE
Trentment
修护
Wash
洗
Waterproof
防水
-White-
美白用

请问谁有香奈儿的生平资料主要是有关她的爱情经历的，如果可以的话有英语文字更好，急需！！！！

早年生话：

Gabrielle Bonheur Chanel was born to an unwed mother, Eugénie "Jeanne" Devolle, a laundrywoman, in "the charity hospital run by the Sisters of Providence"[3] in Saumur, France. She was Devolle's second daughter. Her father, Albert Chanel, was an itinerant street vendor who peddled work clothes and undergarments,[4]living a nomadic life, traveling to and from market towns, while the family resided in rundown lodgings. In 1884, he married Jeanne Devolle,[5] persuaded to do so by her family who had "united, effectively, to pay Albert to marry her/"[6] At birth, Chanel's name was entered into the official registry as "Chasnel". Jeanne was too unwell to attend the registration, and Albert was registered as "travelling".[3] With both parents absent, the infant's last name was misspelled, probably due to a clerical error. The couple eventually had five other children: Julia-Berthe (1882–1912), Antoinette (born 1887), and the three sons, Alphonse (1885-1953), Lucien (born 1889), and Augustin, who died in infancy.

In 1895, when Gabrielle was twelve years old, her mother died of bronchitis[7] at age thirty-one.[7] Gabrielle's father sent his two sons out to work as farm laborers and sent his three daughters to the Corrèze, in central France, to the convent of Aubazine, whose religious order, the Congregation of the Sacred Heart of Mary, was "founded to care for the poor and rejected, including running homes for abandoned and orphaned girls".[8] It was a stark, frugal life, demanding strict discipline. At age eighteen, Chanel, too old to remain at Aubazine, went to live in a boarding house set aside for Catholic girls in the town ofMoulins.[9]

Later in life, Chanel fabricated her history, concocting elaborate fictions in order to obscure her humble origins. Of the various stories told about Coco Chanel, a great number were of her own invention. These legends were to prove the undoing of her earliest biographies. These were ghosted memoirs commissioned by Chanel herself, but never published, always aborted before fruition, as she realized that the facts exposed a personage less laudatory than the mythic Chanel she had invented. Chanel would steadfastly claim that when her mother died, her father sailed for America to seek his fortune and she was sent to live with two cold-hearted sinister aunts. She even claimed to have been born in 1893 instead of 1883 and that her mother had died when Coco was two instead of twelve.

事业初期：
Having learned the art of sewing during her six years at Aubazine, Chanel was able to find employment as a seamstress. When not plying her needle, she sang in a cabaret frequented by cavalry officers. Chanel made her stage debut singing at a café-concert (a popular entertainment venue of the era) in a Moulins pavilion, "La Rotonde". She was among other girls dubbed poseuses, the performers who entertained the crowd between star turns. The money earned was what they managed to accumulate when the plate was passed among the audience in appreciation of their performance. It was at this time that Gabrielle acquired the name "Coco", possibly based on two popular songs with which she became identified, "Ko Ko Ri Ko", and "Qui qu'a vu Coco", or it was an allusion to the French word for kept woman, cocotte.[11] As cafe entertainer, Chanel radiated a juvenile allure that tantalized the military habitués of the cabaret.[9]

The year 1906 found Chanel in the spa resort town of Vichy. Vichy boasted a profusion of concert halls, theatres and cafes where Chanel hoped to find success as a performer. Chanel's youth and physical charms impressed those for whom she auditioned, but her singing voice was marginal and she failed to find stage work.[12] Obliged to find employment, she took work at the "Grande Grille", where as a donneuse d'eau she was one of the females whose job it was to dispense glasses of the purportedly curative mineral water for which Vichy was renowned.[13] When the Vichy season ended, Chanel returned to Moulins, and her former haunt "La Rotonde". She now realized that a serious stage career was not in her future.[14]

早期赞助人（有涉及爱情方面）

It was at Moulins that Chanel met the young French ex-cavalry officer and wealthy textile heir Étienne Balsan. At the age twenty-three, Chanel became Balsan's mistress, supplanting the courtesan Émilienne d'Alençon as his new favorite.[15] For the next three years, she lived with him in his chateau Royallieu near Compiègne, an area known for its wooded equestrian paths and the hunting life.[16] It was a life style of self-indulgence, Balsan's wealth and leisure allowing the cultivation of a social set who reveled in partying and the gratification of human appetites with all the implied accompanying decadence. Balsan lavished Chanel with the beauties of "the rich life"—diamonds, dresses, and pearls. Biographer Justine Picardie, in her 2010 study Coco Chanel: The Legend and the Life (Harper Collins), suggests that the fashion designer's nephew, André Palasse, supposedly the only child of her sister Julia-Berthe who had committed suicide, was actually Chanel's child by Balsan.

In 1908 Chanel began an affair with one of Balsan's friends, Captain Arthur Edward 'Boy' Capel.[17] In later years, Chanel reminisced of this time in her life: "two gentlemen were outbidding for my hot little body."[18] Capel, a wealthy member of the English upper class, installed Chanel in an apartment in Paris.[19] and financed Chanel's first shops. It is said that Capel's own sartorial style influenced the conception of the Chanel look. The bottle design for Chanel No. 5 had two probable origins, both attributable to the sophisticated design sensibilities of Capel. It is believed Chanel adapted the rectangular, beveled lines of the Charvet toiletry bottles he carried in his leather traveling case[20] or it was the design of the whiskey decanter Capel used and Chanel so admired that she wished to reproduce it in "exquisite, expensive, delicate glass".[21] The couple spent time together at fashionable resorts such as Deauville, but he was never faithful to Chanel.[22] The affair lasted nine years, but even after Capel married an English aristocrat, Lady Diana Wyndham in 1918, he did not completely break off with Chanel. His death in a car accident, in late 1919, was the single most devastating event in Chanel's life.[23] She commissioned the placement of a roadside memorial at the site of the accident, which she visited in later years to lay flowers in remembrance.[24] Twenty-five years after the event, Chanel then residing in Switzerland, confided to her friend Paul Morand: "His death was a terrible blow to me. In losing Capel, I lost everything. What followed was not a life of happiness, I have to say."[25]
Chanel began designing hats while living with Balsan, initially as a diversion that evolved into a commercial enterprise. She became a licensed modiste (hat maker) in 1910 and opened a boutique at 21 rue Cambon, Paris named Chanel Modes.[26] As this location already housed an established clothing business, Chanel sold only her millinery creations at this address. Chanel's modiste career bloomed once theatre actressGabrielle Dorziat modelled her hats in the F Noziere's play Bel Ami in 1912. Subsequently, Dorziat modelled her hats again in Les Modes.[26]

Deauville and Biarritz

In 1913, Chanel opened a boutique in Deauville financed by Arthur Capel where she introduced deluxe casual clothes suitable for leisure and sport. The fashions were constructed from humble fabrics such as jersey and tricot, primarily used for men's underwear.[26] The location was a prime one, in the center of town on a fashionable street. Here Chanel sold hats, jackets, sweaters, and the marinière, the sailor blouse. Chanel had the dedicated support of two family members. One was her sister, Antoinette. The other was Adrienne Chanel, a woman close to Chanel's own age, yet, remarkably her aunt; the child of a union her grandfather had had late in his life.[27] Adrienne and Antoinette, were recruited to model her designs; on a daily basis the two women paraded through the town and on its boardwalks, advertising the Chanel creations.[28]
Chanel, determined to re-create the success she had enjoyed in Deauville, opened an establishment in Biarritz in 1915. Biarritz, situated on the Côte Basque, in proximity to wealthy Spanish clients, had the status of neutrality during World War I, allowing it to become the playground for the moneyed and those exiled from their native countries by the hostilities.[29] The Biarritz shop was installed not as a storefront, but in a villa opposite the casino. After only one year of operation, the business proved to be so lucrative that in 1916 Chanel was able to reimburse Capel his original investment—a decision Chanel made on her own, without Capel's input.[30] It was in Biarritz that Chanel made the acquaintance of an expatriate aristocrat, the Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich of Russia. They had a romantic interlude, and maintained a close association for many years afterward.[31] By 1919, Chanel was registered as a couturiere and established her maison de couture at 31 rue Cambon.[26]

创立品牌

In 1918, Chanel was able to acquire the entire building at 31 rue Cambon situated in one of the most fashionable districts of Paris. In 1921, she opened what may be considered an early incarnation of the fashion boutique, featuring clothing, hats, and accessories later expanded to offer jewelry and fragrance. By 1927, Chanel owned an expanse of five properties on the rue Cambon, encompassing buildings numbered 23 through 31.[32]
In 1920, she was introduced by the ballet impresario Sergei Diaghilev to Igor Stravinsky. Now a notable patron of the arts, Chanel guaranteed the production of the ballet Le Sacre du Printemps ("The Rite of Spring") against financial loss, and provided her new home Bel Respiro, located in a Paris suburb, as a residence for composer Stravinsky and his family.[33] In addition to turning out her couture collections, Chanel threw her prodigious energies into designing dance costumes for the cutting-edge Ballet Russe. Between the years 1923-1937, she collaborated on productions choreographed by Diaghilev and dancerVaslav Nijinsky, notably Le Train bleu, a dance-opera, Orphée and Oedipe Roi.[34]
In 1922, at the Longchamps races, Théophile Bader, founder of the Paris Galeries Lafayette, introduced Chanel to businessmanPierre Wertheimer. Bader was interested in inaugurating the sale of the Chanel No. 5 fragrance in his department store.[35]In 1924, Chanel made an agreement with the Wertheimer brothers, Pierre and Paul, directors of the eminent perfume and cosmetics house Bourgeois since 1917, creating a corporate entity, "Parfums Chanel." The Wertheimers agreed to provide full financing for production, marketing and distribution of Chanel No. 5. The Wertheimers would receive seventy percent of the profits, and Théophile Bader a twenty percent share. For ten percent of the stock, Chanel licensed her name to Parfums Chaneland removed herself from involvement in all business operations.[36] Displeased with the arrangement, Chanel worked for more than twenty years to gain full control of Parfums Chanel.[35][36] She proclaimed that Pierre Wertheimer was "the bandit who screwed me".[37]
One of Chanel's longest and enduring associations was with Misia Sert, a notable member of the Parisian, bohemian elite and wife of Spanish painter José-Maria Sert. It is said that theirs was an immediate bond of like souls, and Misia was attracted to Chanel by "her genius, lethal wit, sarcasm and maniacal destructiveness, which intrigued and appalled everyone".[38] Both women, convent bred, maintained a friendship of shared interests, confidences and drug use. By 1935, Chanel had become a habitual drug user, injecting herself with morphine on a daily basis until the end of her life.[39] According to Chandler Burr's The Emperor of Scent, Luca Turin related an apocryphal story in circulation that Chanel was "called Coco because she threw the most fabulous cocaine parties in Paris".[40]
The writer Colette, who moved in the same social circles as Chanel, provided a whimsical description of Chanel at work in her atelier, which appeared in "Prisons et Paradis" (1932). "If every human face bears a resemblance to some animal, then Mademoiselle Chanel is a small black bull. That tuft of curly black hair, the attribute of bull-calves, falls over her brow all the way to the eyelids and dances with every maneuver of her head."[41]
[edit]Associations with the British Aristocracy
In 1923, Vera Bate Lombardi, (born Sarah Gertrude Arkwright),[42] reputedly the illegitimate daughter of the Marquess of Cambridge,[42] afforded Chanel entry into the highest levels of British aristocracy. It was an elite group of associations revolving around such personages as Winston Churchill, aristocrats such as the Duke of Westminster, and royals such as Edward, Prince of Wales. It was in Monte Carlo in 1923, at age forty that Chanel was introduced by Lombardi to the vastly wealthy Duke of Westminster, Hugh Richard Arthur Grosvenor, known to his intimates as "Bendor". The Duke of Westminster lavished Chanel with extravagant jewels, costly art, and a home in London's prestigious Mayfair district. His affair with Chanel lasted ten years.[43]
The Duke, an outspoken anti-Semite, intensified Chanel's inherent antipathy toward Jews and shared with her an expressed homophobia. In 1946, Chanel was quoted by her friend and confidante, Paul Morand:
"Homosexuals? … I have seen young women ruined by these awful queers: drugs, divorce, scandal. They will use any means to destroy a competitor and to wreak vengeance on a woman. The queers want to be women—but they are lousy women. They are charming!"[44]
Coinciding with her introduction to the Duke, was her introduction, again through Lombardi, to Lombardi's cousin, the Prince of Wales, Edward VIII. The Prince became smitten with Chanel and pursued her in spite of her involvement with the Duke of Westminster. It is said that he visited Chanel in her apartment and requested that she call him "David", a privilege reserved only for his closest friends and family. Years later, Diana Vreeland, editor of Vogue, would insist that "the passionate, focused and fiercely independent Chanel, a virtual tour de force," and the Prince "had a great romantic moment together".[45]
In 1927, the Duke of Westminster gifted Chanel with a parcel of land he had purchased in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin on the French Riviera. It was on this site that Chanel built her villa, La Pausa ("restful pause"), hiring the architect Robert Streitz. Streitz's concept for the staircase and patio contained design elements inspired by Aubazine, the orphanage in which Chanel spent her youth.[46][47] When asked why she did not marry the Duke of Westminster, she stated: "There have been several Duchesses of Westminster. There is only one Chanel."[48]
未完，急事出去，回头给你全的 参考技术A 她25岁那年，她遇到了生命中的第一位情人---巴桑，使她的命运有了转机。巴桑是一位贵族的后裔，他令芳华正茂的香奈儿倾倒，但碍于当时的社会环境，两人无法正式结合。然而香奈儿却凭此开始挤身上流社会。聪明的她很快就周旋于王孙贵族之间，稍后经过巴桑的介绍，香奈儿邂逅了她一生中最重要的男人Arthur Capel----她此生的至爱。
　　Capel出身卑微，为一情妇之子，虽凭借自己的奋斗，在商场上大展宏图，并于第一次世界大战后当上《凡尔塞条约》的政治秘书，成为一介名流，但却因自己的卑微身世而觉得非取个名门闺秀不可。他对香奈儿虽然一片真心，但最终还是舍弃了香奈儿，远赴英伦与一名爵士的千金成婚。此举伤透了香奈儿的心。为了补偿对香奈儿的歉疚，Capel出资让她在巴黎开了一间女帽店，这便是夏奈尔事业的起点。

　　香奈儿一生都不没有结婚，她创造伟大的时尚帝国，同时追求自己想要的生活，其本身就是女性自主最佳典范，也是最懂得感情乐趣的新时代女性。她和英国贵族ETIENNE BALSAN来往，对方资助她开第一家女帽店，而另一位ARTHUR CAPEL则出资开时尚店；她与西敏公爵一同出游，启发设计出第一款斜纹软呢料套装；生命中每一个男性都激发创意的泉源，她不是单靠幸运，而是非常努力认真的工作！甚至一直到70多岁的高龄她都还复出视事，。香奈儿集团在1983年由Karl Lagerfeld出任时尚总监，但至今每一季新品仍以香奈儿精神为为设计理念，香奈儿，永远的香奈儿。 参考技术B She was born the second daughter of traveling salesman Albert Chanel and Jeanne Devolle in the small city of Saumur, Maine-et-Loire, France. There was a mis-spelling on her birth certificate that recorded her surname as "Chasnel", making the tracing of her roots almost impossible for biographers when Chanel later rose to prominence. Coco was born in a poorhouse. Her birth was recorded the following day. Two employees of the hospice went to city hall and declared the child of feminine gender. The hospice employees were illiterate, so when the mayor François Poitu wrote down the birth, no one knew how to spell Chanel so the mayor improvised and recorded it with an "s", making it Chasnel. Her parents married in 1883. She had five siblings: two sisters, Julie (1882-1913) and Antoinette (born 1887) and three brothers, Alphonse (born 1885), Lucien (born 1889) and Augustin (born and died 1891). In 1895, when she was 12 years old, Chanel's mother died of tuberculosis and her father left the family a short time later because he needed to work to raise his children. Because of his work, the young Chanel spent seven years in the orphanage of the Catholic monastery of Aubazine, where she learned the trade of a seamstress. School vacations were spent with relatives in the provincial capital of Moulins, where female relatives taught Coco to sew with more flourish than the nuns at the monastery were able to demonstrate. When Coco turned eighteen, she left the orphanage, and took up work for a local tailor. While working at a tailoring shop she met and soon began an affair with the French playboy and millionaire Étienne Balsan who lavished her with the beauties of "the rich life", diamonds, dresses and pearls. While living with Balsan, Chanel began designing hats as a hobby, which soon became a deeper interest of hers. After opening her eyes, as she would say, Coco left Balsan and took over his apartment in Paris, France. In 1913, she opened up her very first shop which sold a range of fashionable raincoats and jackets. Situated in the heart of Paris, France it wasn't long before the shop went out of business and Chanel was asked to surrender her properties. This did not discourage Chanel; it only made her more determined. During the pre-war era, Chanel met up with an estranged and former best friend of Étienne Balsan, Arthur "Boy" Capel, whom she soon fell in love with. With his assistance, Chanel was able to acquire the property and financial backing to open her second millinery shop in Brittany, France. Her hats were worn by celebrated French actresses, which helped to establish her reputation. In 1913, Chanel introduced women’s sportswear at her new boutique in Deauville, in the Rue Gounaut-Biron; Marthe, Countess de Gounaut-Biron (daughter of American diplomat, John George Alexander Leishman), was Chanel's first aristocratic client. Her third shop and successor to her biggest store in France was located in Deauville, France, where more women during the World War I era came to realize that women were supposed to dress for themselves and not their men. Later in life, she concocted an elaborate false history for her humble beginnings. Chanel would steadfastly claim that when her mother died, her father sailed for America and she was sent to live with two cold-hearted spinster aunts. She even claimed to have been born in 1893 as opposed to 1883, and that her mother had died when Coco was six instead of twelve. All this was done to diminish the stigma that poverty, orphanhood, and illegitimacy bestowed upon unfortunates in nineteenth-century France. In 1920, she was introduced by ballet empresario Sergei Diaghilev to world famous composer Igor Stravinsky (Rite of Spring), to whom she extended an offer for him and his family to reside with her. During this temporary sojourn it was rumoured that they had an affair. Chanel never married. 参考技术C 这个应该能帮到你，CHANEL英文自传http://simplecd.me/entry/7sVTdbjK/