docker镜像基本操作

Posted 2020-08-30 波神

操作镜像

使用 docker 命令行操作 docker 镜像

获取镜像

使用「docker pull +镜像名称」从网络上下载image镜像

core@localhost ~ $ docker pull

Usage: docker pull NAME[:TAG]

Pull an image or a repository from the registry

core@localhost ~/php $ docker  pull ubuntu
#pull +镜像的名称会下载该镜像集的laste tag的镜像
Pulling repository ubuntu
2185fd50e2ca: Pulling dependent layers
9cbaf023786c: Pulling dependent layers
3db9c44f4520: Pulling dependent layers
a9561eb1b190: Pulling dependent layers
195eb90b5349: Pulling dependent layers
463ff6be4238: Pulling dependent layers
c5881f11ded9: Pulling dependent layers
511136ea3c5a: Download complete
97fd97495e49: Downloading [=====>                                             ] 6.868 MB/67.5 MB 10m20s
.....
core@localhost ~/php $ docker  pull ubuntu：14.04
#表示下载该镜像集中14.04 tag的镜像
core@localhost ~/php $ docker  pull dl.dockerpool.com:5000/alexeiled/docker-oracle-xe-11g
#下载其他非官方仓库中的镜像，一般网站会给出详细的 pull 命令
Pulling repository dl.dockerpool.com:5000/alexeiled/docker-oracle-xe-11g
ba16d5d5e1aa: Pulling image (latest) from dl.dockerpool.com:5000/alexeiled/docker-oracle-xe-11g, endpoint: http://dl.dockerpool.com:5000ba16d5d5e1aa: Download complete
8dbd9e392a96: Download complete
#这一串数字是表示文件系统的层次，docker 的镜像和容器就是这一层一层的文件系统组成的
215be6e94fbb: Download complete
ef2887b77b73: Download complete
97774de1565b: Download complete
c6a02636680f: Download complete
2ae911074081: Download complete
e1787c817b10: Download complete
5e312dc5fae8: Download complete
cb35ce95b58c: Download complete
5f0e28679c8e: Download complete
...

列出镜像

使用「docker images」列出本地宿主主机上拥有的image镜像

core@localhost ~ $ docker images
REPOSITORY                                              TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             VIRTUAL SIZE
base/163                                                latest              468d347c06bc        28 hours ago        249.1 MB
test/supervisord                                        latest              468d347c06bc        28 hours ago        249.1 MB
ubuntu                                                  14.04               1357f421be38        4 days ago          192.7 MB
dl.dockerpool.com:5000/ubuntu                           14.04               1357f421be38        4 days ago          192.7 MB
dl.dockerpool.com:5000/mysql                            5.7                 e95cbb9f48ea        6 days ago          258.6 MB
mysql                                                   5.7                 e95cbb9f48ea        6 days ago          258.6 MB
mysql                                                   latest              9a09222edf60        6 days ago          235.6 MB
tutum/lamp                                              latest              4b32789c7d66        5 weeks ago         469.8 MB
tutum/tomcat                                            8.0                 866eb07a675e        6 weeks ago         539.4 MB
tutum/tomcat                                            latest              02e84f04100e        6 weeks ago         539.4 MB
dl.dockerpool.com:5000/alexeiled/docker-oracle-xe-11g   latest              ba16d5d5e1aa        7 months ago        2.388 GB
此处共有5列，分别表示镜像的名称、镜像的tag标记、镜像的唯一 image id、创建时间、大小

创建镜像

创建镜像的方法有 2 种：

1. 从文件系统导入

目前可用的文件系统主要是 openvz 的模板

比如：下载了一个ubuntu14.04的镜像 cat ubuntu-14.04-x86_64-minimal.tar.gz |docker import - ubuntu:14.04 然后用docker images看下：

core@localhost ~ $ docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             VIRTUAL SIZE
ubuntu              14.04               05ac7c0b9383        17 seconds ago      215.5 MB

就多了一个我们的ubuntu镜像

2. 从 dockerfile 创建

dockerfile的内容后面章节详细介绍

3. 从现有的容器 commit 提交到一个新的 image

core@localhost ~ $ docker commit

Usage: docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]

Create a new image from a container‘s changes

  -a, --author=""     Author (e.g., "John Hannibal Smith <[email protected]>")
  #填写作者信息
  -m, --message=""    Commit message
  #填写提交信息
  -p, --pause=true    Pause container during commit
  #如果容器还在运行，先暂停容器
[email protected] ~ $ docker run -ti ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash
#创建一个只有bash程序的容器
[email protected]:/# touch test
#在容器中建立一个文件
[email protected]:/# exit
#退出
exit
[email protected] ~ $ docker commit a92 for_test
#将刚才的容器提交为一个叫 for_test 的镜像，这里我们使用容器的 id 来指定我们要提交的容器，也可以使用容器的名字，他们都是唯一的
9e9c814023bcffc3e67e892a235afe61b02f66a947d2747f724bd317dda02f27
#返回新镜像的 id
[email protected] ~ $ docker images
REPOSITORY                                              TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             VIRTUAL SIZE
for_test                                                latest              9e9c814023bc        4 seconds ago       192.7 MB

删除镜像

使用「docker rmi + 镜像 id」删除镜像，当还有容器使用该镜像的时候是无法删除的。

core@localhost ~ $ docker rmi

Usage: docker rmi IMAGE [IMAGE...]

Remove one or more images

  -f, --force=false    Force removal of the image
  --no-prune=false     Do not delete untagged parents

core@localhost ~ $ docker images
REPOSITORY                                              TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             VIRTUAL SIZE
for_test                                                latest              60734a0ee3d6        3 seconds ago       192.7 MB
base/163                                                latest              468d347c06bc        29 hours ago        249.1 MB
test/supervisord                                        latest              468d347c06bc        29 hours ago        249.1 MB
ubuntu                                                  14.04               1357f421be38        4 days ago          192.7 MB
dl.dockerpool.com:5000/ubuntu                           14.04               1357f421be38        4 days ago          192.7 MB
dl.dockerpool.com:5000/mysql                            5.7                 e95cbb9f48ea        6 days ago          258.6 MB
mysql                                                   5.7                 e95cbb9f48ea        6 days ago          258.6 MB
mysql                                                   latest              9a09222edf60        6 days ago          235.6 MB
tutum/lamp                                              latest              4b32789c7d66        5 weeks ago         469.8 MB
tutum/tomcat                                            8.0                 866eb07a675e        6 weeks ago         539.4 MB
tutum/tomcat                                            latest              02e84f04100e        6 weeks ago         539.4 MB
dl.dockerpool.com:5000/alexeiled/docker-oracle-xe-11g   latest              ba16d5d5e1aa        7 months ago        2.388 GB
core@localhost ~ $ docker rmi 9a0
#当我们删除镜像 9a0 即 mysql:latest 镜像时，它删除了这个镜像所附带的所有aufs层
Untagged: mysql:latest
Deleted: 9a09222edf600a03ea48bd23cfa363841e45a8715237e3a58cb0167f0e8bad54
Deleted: 4daeda4ad839a152a3b649672bd5135977d7f81866d3bc0e16d0af3f65cc8af6
Deleted: cf07a411bf0883bd632940e8108dac49c64456a47f7390507de5685bbd6daf85
Deleted: 4f513746df18b222a07bb8d76d4b6d29752ce5dcb69bfad0ce92e6c1449a3821
Deleted: 228ecd435c8a29d25b77999036701a27f2d67874c915bb8eb9fb175b1f98aa60
Deleted: 37e4b3932afa186924a09eab332bc8ebec3aac8bac074314ed9a2d1e94547f50
Deleted: 898883ccfcee705e440547e30e240cb025c12410d7c9e4d2bcb11973ba075975
Deleted: 0a09ddcf99b7fd8fcb3525c41b54696038ecf13677f4459f1c98c742ffa60ab2
Deleted: 35bc8591e39be5089265a093e234d13a4b155a01d2ab9e8904eafa81664fb597
Deleted: 857e856e4481d59ee88a4cdedd9aaf855666bd494fa38506e6788361c0af4cda
core@localhost ~ $ docker ps
#使用 -ps 参数可以看到目前有上个容器在运行，其中一个容器是以tutum/lamp:laste镜像启动的
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                              COMMAND                CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                          NAMES
9cb2e45814e0        tutum/lamp:latest                  "/run.sh"              4 hours ago         Up 4 hours          0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp   loving_feynman
e3c136d76b44        tutum/tomcat:8.0                   "/run.sh"              6 hours ago         Up 6 hours          0.0.0.0:80->8080/tcp                           tomcat001
fe9e65aaf58c        dl.dockerpool.com:5000/mysql:5.7   "/entrypoint.sh mysq   6 hours ago         Up 6 hours          3306/tcp                                       db001,tomcat001/tomysql
[email protected] ~ $ docker rmi 4b3
#当我们试图删除tutum/lamp:laste 镜像时，提示我们目前还有容器在使用该镜像，无法删除，如需删除则需要停止容器并用-f 参数删除镜像
Error response from daemon: Conflict, cannot delete 4b32789c7d66 because the running container 9cb2e45814e0 is using it (docker untagged the image), stop it and use -f to force
2014/10/15 08:23:59 Error: failed to remove one or more images

搜寻镜像

使用「docker search + 关键字」搜索共享的镜像，默认搜索官方仓库的镜像，搜索私有仓库的语法在私有仓库章节详细介绍。

core@localhost ~ $ docker search

Usage: docker search TERM

Search the Docker Hub for images

  --automated=false    Only show automated builds
  --no-trunc=false     Don‘t truncate output
  -s, --stars=0        Only displays with at least x stars
#一般使用不带参数的搜寻即可，比如要搜寻mysql关键字的 image
[email protected] ~ $ docker search mysql
#返回的信息有5列，分别代表镜像集名称，镜像的描述，被收藏的次数，时候属于官方出品，时候支持自动创建
NAME                                          DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                                         MySQL is a widely used, open-source relati...   193       [OK]
tutum/mysql                                   MySQL Server image - listens in port 3306....   69                   [OK]
orchardup/mysql                                                                               36                   [OK]
tutum/lamp                                    LAMP image - Apache listens in port 80, an...   30                   [OK]
tutum/wordpress                               Wordpress Docker image - listens in port 8...   24                   [OK]
paintedfox/mariadb                            A docker image for running MariaDB 5.5, a ...   19                   [OK]
dockerfile/mysql                              Trusted automated MySQL (http://dev.mysql....   11                   [OK]
anapsix/gitlab-ci                             GitLab-CI Continuous Integration in Docker...   11                   [OK]
centurylink/drupal                            Drupal docker image without a DB included ...   10                   [OK]
google/mysql                                  MySQL server for Google Compute Engine          10                   [OK]
stenote/docker-lemp                           MySQL 5.6、PHP 5.5、nginx、Memcache                9                    [OK]

上传镜像

使用「docker push +关键字 」上传镜像到官方仓库，上传私有仓库的语法在私有仓库章节详细介绍。

core@localhost ~ $ docker push

Usage: docker push NAME[:TAG]

Push an image or a repository to the registry
core@localhost ~ $ docker push base/163
The push refers to a repository [base/163] (len: 1)
Sending image list

Please login prior to push:
Username: waitfish
Password:
Email: [e-mail]
第一次上传需要填写在dockerhub注册的帐号信息