C#数据导出Excel详细介绍
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概要：
excel导出在C#代码中应用己经很广泛了，我这里就做些总结，供自己和读者学习用。
Excel知识点。
一、添加引用和命名空间
添加Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel引用，它的默认路径是C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual
Studio 9.0\Visual Studio Tools for
Office\PIA\Office12\Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.dll
代码中添加引用using
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel;
二、Excel类的简单介绍
此命名空间下关于Excel类的结构分别为：
ApplicationClass – 就是我们的excel应用程序。
Workbook –
就是我们平常见的一个个excel文件，经常是使用Workbooks类对其进行操作。
Worksheet – 就是excel文件中的一个个sheet页。
Worksheet.Cells[row, column] –
就是某行某列的单元格，注意这里的下标row和column都是从1开始的，跟我平常用的数组或集合的下标有所不同。
知道了上述基本知识后，利用此类来操作excel就清晰了很多。
三、Excel的操作
任何操作Excel的动作首先肯定是用excel应用程序，首先要new一个ApplicationClass 实例，并在最后将此实例释放。
ApplicationClass xlsApp = new ApplicationClass(); // 1. 创建Excel应用程序对象的一个实例，相当于我们从开始菜单打开Excel应用程序。 if (xlsApp == null) { //对此实例进行验证，如果为null则表示运行此代码的机器可能未安装Excel }
1. 打开现有的Excel文件
Workbook workbook = xlsApp.Workbooks.Open(excelFilePath, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing); Worksheet mySheet = workbook.Sheets[1] as Worksheet; //第一个sheet页 mySheet.Name = "testsheet"; //这里修改sheet名称
2.复制sheet页
mySheet.Copy(Type.Missing, workbook.Sheets[1]); //复制mySheet成一个新的sheet页，复制完后的名称是mySheet页名称后加一个(2)，这里就是testsheet(2)，复制完后，Worksheet的数量增加一个
注意
这里Copy方法的两个参数，指是的复制出来新的sheet页是在指定sheet页的前面还是后面，上面的例子就是指复制的sheet页在第一个sheet页的后面。
3.删除sheet页
xlsApp.DisplayAlerts = false; //如果想删除某个sheet页，首先要将此项设为fasle。 (xlsApp.ActiveWorkbook.Sheets[1] as Worksheet).Delete();
4.选中sheet页
(xlsApp.ActiveWorkbook.Sheets[1] as Worksheet).Select(Type.Missing); //选中某个sheet页
5.另存excel文件
workbook.Saved = true; workbook.SaveCopyAs(filepath);
6.释放excel资源
workbook.Close(true, Type.Missing, Type.Missing); workbook = null; xlsApp.Quit(); xlsApp = null;
一般的我们传入一个DataTable生成Excel代码
/// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="dt"></param> protected void ExportExcel(DataTable dt) { if (dt == null||dt.Rows.Count==0) return; Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application xlApp = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application(); if (xlApp == null) { return; } System.Globalization.CultureInfo CurrentCI = System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture; System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("en-US"); Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbooks workbooks = xlApp.Workbooks; Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook workbook = workbooks.Add(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlWBATemplate.xlWBATWorksheet); Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet worksheet = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Worksheets[1]; Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range range; long totalCount = dt.Rows.Count; long rowRead = 0; float percent = 0; for (int i = 0; i < dt.Columns.Count; i++) { worksheet.Cells[1, i + 1] = dt.Columns[i].ColumnName; range = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range)worksheet.Cells[1, i + 1]; range.Interior.ColorIndex = 15; range.Font.Bold = true; } for (int r = 0; r < dt.Rows.Count; r++) { for (int i = 0; i < dt.Columns.Count; i++) { worksheet.Cells[r + 2, i + 1] = dt.Rows[r][i].ToString(); } rowRead++; percent = ((float)(100 * rowRead)) / totalCount; } xlApp.Visible = true; }
如果要在excel中插入图片，我们需要把代码加入一行即可，如下所示
protected void ExportExcel(DataTable dt) { if (dt == null || dt.Rows.Count == 0) return; Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application xlApp = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application(); if (xlApp == null) { return; } System.Globalization.CultureInfo CurrentCI = System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture; System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("en-US"); Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbooks workbooks = xlApp.Workbooks; Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook workbook = workbooks.Add(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlWBATemplate.xlWBATWorksheet); Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet worksheet = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Worksheets[1]; Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range range; long totalCount = dt.Rows.Count; long rowRead = 0; float percent = 0; for (int i = 0; i < dt.Columns.Count; i++) { worksheet.Cells[1, i + 1] = dt.Columns[i].ColumnName; range = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range)worksheet.Cells[1, i + 1]; range.Interior.ColorIndex = 15; } for (int r = 0; r < dt.Rows.Count; r++) { for (int i = 0; i < dt.Columns.Count; i++) { try { worksheet.Cells[r + 2, i + 1] = dt.Rows[r][i].ToString(); } catch { worksheet.Cells[r + 2, i + 1] = dt.Rows[r][i].ToString().Replace("=", ""); } } rowRead++; percent = ((float)(100 * rowRead)) / totalCount; } worksheet.Shapes.AddPicture("C:\\Users\\spring\\Desktop\\1.gif", Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoCTrue, 100, 200, 200, 300); worksheet.Shapes.AddTextEffect(Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoPresetTextEffect.msoTextEffect1, "123456", "Red", 15, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoTrue, 150, 200); xlApp.Visible = true; }
我们调用如下:
public void GenerateExcel() { DataTable dt = new DataTable(); dt.Columns.Add("Name", typeof(string)); dt.Columns.Add("Age", typeof(string)); DataRow dr = dt.NewRow(); dr["Name"] = "spring"; dr["Age"] = "20"; dt.Rows.Add(dr); dt.AcceptChanges(); ExportExcel(dt); }
运行结果如下所示:
其中如下代码的作用是
worksheet.Shapes.AddPicture("C:\\Users\\spring\\Desktop\\1.gif", Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoCTrue, 100, 200, 200, 300);
在Excel的指定位置加入图片
worksheet.Shapes.AddTextEffect(Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoPresetTextEffect.msoTextEffect1, "123456", "Red", 15, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoTrue, 150, 200);
在Excel的指定位置加入文本框，和里面的内容.
我们可以这样来设计一个ExcelBase的基类:
先创建一个ExcelBE.cs：
public class ExcelBE { private int _row = 0; private int _col = 0; private string _text = string.Empty; private string _startCell = string.Empty; private string _endCell = string.Empty; private string _interiorColor = string.Empty; private bool _isMerge = false; private int _size = 0; private string _fontColor = string.Empty; private string _format = string.Empty; public ExcelBE(int row, int col, string text, string startCell, string endCell, string interiorColor, bool isMerge, int size, string fontColor, string format) { _row = row; _col = col; _text = text; _startCell = startCell; _endCell = endCell; _interiorColor = interiorColor; _isMerge = isMerge; _size = size; _fontColor = fontColor; _format = format; } public ExcelBE() { } public int Row { get { return _row; } set { _row = value; } } public int Col { get { return _col; } set { _col = value; } } public string Text { get { return _text; } set { _text = value; } } public string StartCell { get { return _startCell; } set { _startCell = value; } } public string EndCell { get { return _endCell; } set { _endCell = value; } } public string InteriorColor { get { return _interiorColor; } set { _interiorColor = value; } } public bool IsMerge { get { return _isMerge; } set { _isMerge = value; } } public int Size { get { return _size; } set { _size = value; } } public string FontColor { get { return _fontColor; } set { _fontColor = value; } } public string Formart { get { return _format; } set { _format = value; } } }
接下来创建ExcelBase.cs:
public class ExcelBase { private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application app = null; private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook workbook = null; private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet worksheet = null; private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range workSheet_range = null; public ExcelBase() { createDoc(); } public void createDoc() { try { app = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application(); app.Visible = true; workbook = app.Workbooks.Add(1); worksheet = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Sheets[1]; } catch (Exception e) { Console.Write("Error"); } finally { } } public void InsertData(ExcelBE be) { worksheet.Cells[be.Row, be.Col] = be.Text; workSheet_range = worksheet.get_Range(be.StartCell, be.EndCell); workSheet_range.MergeCells = be.IsMerge; workSheet_range.Interior.Color = GetColorValue(be.InteriorColor); workSheet_range.Borders.Color = System.Drawing.Color.Black.ToArgb(); workSheet_range.ColumnWidth = be.Size; workSheet_range.Font.Color = string.IsNullOrEmpty(be.FontColor) ? System.Drawing.Color.White.ToArgb() : System.Drawing.Color.Black.ToArgb(); workSheet_range.NumberFormat = be.Formart; } private int GetColorValue(string interiorColor) { switch (interiorColor) { case "YELLOW": return System.Drawing.Color.Yellow.ToArgb(); case "GRAY": return System.Drawing.Color.Gray.ToArgb(); case "GAINSBORO": return System.Drawing.Color.Gainsboro.ToArgb(); case "Turquoise": return System.Drawing.Color.Turquoise.ToArgb(); case "PeachPuff": return System.Drawing.Color.PeachPuff.ToArgb(); default: return System.Drawing.Color.White.ToArgb(); } } }
调用的代码如下:
private void btnRun_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { ExcelBase excel = new ExcelBase(); //creates the main header ExcelBE be = null; be = new ExcelBE (5, 2, "Total of Products", "B5", "D5", "YELLOW", true, 10, "n",null); excel.InsertData(be); //creates subheaders be = new ExcelBE (6, 2, "Sold Product", "B6", "B6", "GRAY", true, 10, "",null); excel.InsertData(be); be=new ExcelBE(6, 3, "", "C6", "C6", "GRAY", true, 10, "",null); excel.InsertData(be); be=new ExcelBE (6, 4, "Initial Total", "D6", "D6", "GRAY", true, 10, "",null); excel.InsertData(be); //add Data to cells be=new ExcelBE (7, 2, "114287", "B7", "B7",null,false,10,"", "#,##0"); excel.InsertData(be); be=new ExcelBE (7, 3, "", "C7", "C7", null,false,10,"",null); excel.InsertData(be); be = new ExcelBE(7, 4, "129121", "D7", "D7
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