ALSA driver--Asoc

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https://blog.csdn.net/zyuanyun/article/details/59170418

https://blog.csdn.net/whshiyun/article/details/80889838

ALSA Asoc框架如下图:

Asoc分为machine,platform,codec三大模块。关于machine,platform,codec的介绍参考自这里http://blog.csdn.net/droidphone/article/details/7165482

  • Machine  是指某一款机器,可以是某款设备,某款开发板,又或者是某款智能手机,由此可以看出Machine几乎是不可重用的,每个Machine上的硬件实现可能都不一样,CPU不一样,Codec不一样,音频的输入、输出设备也不一样,Machine为CPU、Codec、输入输出设备提供了一个载体。
  • Platform  一般是指某一个SoC平台,比如pxaxxx,s3cxxxx,omapxxx等等,与音频相关的通常包含该SoC中的时钟、DMA、I2S、PCM等等,只要指定了SoC,那么我们可以认为它会有一个对应的Platform,它只与SoC相关,与Machine无关,这样我们就可以把Platform抽象出来,使得同一款SoC不用做任何的改动,就可以用在不同的Machine中。实际上,把Platform认为是某个SoC更好理解。
  • Codec  字面上的意思就是编解码器,Codec里面包含了I2S接口、D/A、A/D、Mixer、PA(功放),通常包含多种输入(Mic、Line-in、I2S、PCM)和多个输出(耳机、喇叭、听筒,Line-out),Codec和Platform一样,是可重用的部件,同一个Codec可以被不同的Machine使用。嵌入式Codec通常通过I2C对内部的寄存器进行控制。 

对应的会有machine, platform,codec driver。

Machine driver负责处理机器特有的一些控件和音频事件(例如,当播放音频时,需要先行打开一个放大器);单独的Platform和Codec驱动是不能工作的,它必须由Machine驱动把它们结合在一起才能完成整个设备的音频处理工作。

platform driver,它包含了该SoC平台的音频DMA和音频接口的配置和控制(I2S,PCM,AC97等等);它也不能包含任何与板子或机器相关的代码。

Codec driver,ASoC中的一个重要设计原则就是要求Codec驱动是平台无关的,它包含了一些音频的控件(Controls),音频接口,DAMP(动态音频电源管理)的定义和某些Codec IO功能。为了保证硬件无关性,任何特定于平台和机器的代码都要移到Platform和Machine驱动中。所有的Codec驱动都要提供以下特性:

  • Codec DAI 和 PCM的配置信息;
  • Codec的IO控制方式(I2C,SPI等);
  • Mixer和其他的音频控件;
  • Codec的ALSA音频操作接口;

也可以提供以下功能:

  • DAPM描述信息;
  • DAPM事件处理程序;
  • DAC数字静音控制

 从数据结构看来,snd_soc_card代表着Machine驱动,snd_soc_platform则代表着Platform驱动,snd_soc_codec和soc_codec_device则代表了Codec驱动,而snd_soc_dai_link则负责连接Platform和Codec。

 

snd_soc_dai是snd_soc_platform和snd_soc_codec的数字音频接口,snd_soc_codec的dai为codec_dai,snd_soc_platform的dai为cpu_dai,snd_pcm是snd_soc_card实例化后注册的声卡类型.

 

 下面以smdk_wm8580为例,看看再Asoc框架下的ALSA driver的编写。

static struct snd_soc_dai_link smdk_dai[] = {//snd_soc_dai_link中,指定了Platform、Codec、codec_dai、cpu_dai的名字
  [PRI_PLAYBACK] = { /* Primary Playback i/f */
    .name = "WM8580 PAIF RX",
    .stream_name = "Playback",
    .cpu_dai_name = "samsung-i2s.0",
    .codec_dai_name = "wm8580-hifi-playback",
    .platform_name = "samsung-i2s.0",
    .codec_name = "wm8580.0-001b",
    .dai_fmt = SMDK_DAI_FMT,
    .ops = &smdk_ops,
  },
  [PRI_CAPTURE] = { /* Primary Capture i/f */
    .name = "WM8580 PAIF TX",
    .stream_name = "Capture",
    .cpu_dai_name = "samsung-i2s.0",
    .codec_dai_name = "wm8580-hifi-capture",
    .platform_name = "samsung-i2s.0",
    .codec_name = "wm8580.0-001b",
    .dai_fmt = SMDK_DAI_FMT,
    .init = smdk_wm8580_init_paiftx,
    .ops = &smdk_ops,
  },
  [SEC_PLAYBACK] = { /* Sec_Fifo Playback i/f */
  .name = "Sec_FIFO TX",
  .stream_name = "Playback",
  .cpu_dai_name = "samsung-i2s-sec",
  .codec_dai_name = "wm8580-hifi-playback",
  .platform_name = "samsung-i2s-sec",
  .codec_name = "wm8580.0-001b",
  .dai_fmt = SMDK_DAI_FMT,
  .ops = &smdk_ops,
  },
};

static struct snd_soc_card smdk = {
  .name = "SMDK-I2S",
  .owner = THIS_MODULE,
  .dai_link = smdk_dai,
  .num_links = 2,

  .dapm_widgets = smdk_wm8580_dapm_widgets,
  .num_dapm_widgets = ARRAY_SIZE(smdk_wm8580_dapm_widgets),
  .dapm_routes = smdk_wm8580_audio_map,
  .num_dapm_routes = ARRAY_SIZE(smdk_wm8580_audio_map),
};

static struct platform_device *smdk_snd_device;

static int __init smdk_audio_init(void)
{
  int ret;
  char *str;

  if (machine_is_smdkc100()
  || machine_is_smdkv210() || machine_is_smdkc110()) {
    smdk.num_links = 3;
  } else if (machine_is_smdk6410()) {
    str = (char *)smdk_dai[PRI_PLAYBACK].cpu_dai_name;
    str[strlen(str) - 1] = \'2\';
    str = (char *)smdk_dai[PRI_CAPTURE].cpu_dai_name;
    str[strlen(str) - 1] = \'2\';
  }

  smdk_snd_device = platform_device_alloc("soc-audio", -1);//创建platform device,device 名字为soc-audio
  if (!smdk_snd_device)
  return -ENOMEM;

  platform_set_drvdata(smdk_snd_device, &smdk);//将platform devcie的drvdata设置成snd_soc_card类型的smdk
  ret = platform_device_add(smdk_snd_device);//将platform device 加到platform bus中。

  if (ret)
  platform_device_put(smdk_snd_device);

  return ret;
}
module_init(smdk_audio_init);

static void __exit smdk_audio_exit(void)
{
  platform_device_unregister(smdk_snd_device);
}
module_exit(smdk_audio_exit);

上述代码主要是在init时,创建一个名字为soc-audio 的platform device, 并将platform device的drvdata设置成snd_soc_card类型的实例,最后将platform device 注册到platform bus中,注册过程主要在platform_device_add中,在前面介绍platform device 注册过程时,如果platform bus上有名字为soc-audio的driver,则调用driver的probe函数。

名字为soc-audio的driver定义在soc-core.c中,

static struct platform_driver soc_driver = {
  .driver = {
  .name = "soc-audio",//名字与上面的platform device相同。
  .pm = &snd_soc_pm_ops,
  },
  .probe = soc_probe,
  .remove = soc_remove,
};

static int __init snd_soc_init(void)
{
  snd_soc_debugfs_init();
  snd_soc_util_init();

  return platform_driver_register(&soc_driver);//注册platform driver:soc_driver.
}
module_init(snd_soc_init);

 调用platform driver的 probe 函数。

static int soc_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
  struct snd_soc_card *card = platform_get_drvdata(pdev);//获取platform device的drvdata,这个实在创建platform device时赋值,即上面的smdk 

  /*
  * no card, so machine driver should be registering card
  * we should not be here in that case so ret error
  */
  if (!card)
    return -EINVAL;

  dev_warn(&pdev->dev,
  "ASoC: machine %s should use snd_soc_register_card()\\n",
  card->name);

  /* Bodge while we unpick instantiation */
  card->dev = &pdev->dev;

  return snd_soc_register_card(card);//注册card.
}

在snd_soc_register_card中,主要调用的是snd_soc_instantiate_card。

在snd_soc_instantiate_card中首先绑定DAIs

/* bind DAIs */
for (i = 0; i < card->num_links; i++) {
  ret = soc_bind_dai_link(card, &card->dai_link[i]);//绑定card的dai_link.
  if (ret != 0)
  goto base_error;
}

在soc_bind_dai_link中,创建一个snd_soc_pcm_runtime的rtd,并将card的dai_link赋值rtd,初始化rtd结构。

static int soc_bind_dai_link(struct snd_soc_card *card,
struct snd_soc_dai_link *dai_link)
{
  struct snd_soc_pcm_runtime *rtd;
  struct snd_soc_dai_link_component *codecs = dai_link->codecs;
  struct snd_soc_dai_link_component cpu_dai_component;
  struct snd_soc_dai **codec_dais;
  struct snd_soc_platform *platform;
  const char *platform_name;
  int i;

  dev_dbg(card->dev, "ASoC: binding %s\\n", dai_link->name);

  if (soc_is_dai_link_bound(card, dai_link)) {//判断是否已经绑定
    dev_dbg(card->dev, "ASoC: dai link %s already bound\\n",dai_link->name);
    return 0;
  }

  rtd = soc_new_pcm_runtime(card, dai_link);//创建runtime.
  if (!rtd)
    return -ENOMEM;

  cpu_dai_component.name = dai_link->cpu_name;
  cpu_dai_component.of_node = dai_link->cpu_of_node;
  cpu_dai_component.dai_name = dai_link->cpu_dai_name;
  rtd->cpu_dai = snd_soc_find_dai(&cpu_dai_component);
  if (!rtd->cpu_dai) {
    dev_err(card->dev, "ASoC: CPU DAI %s not registered\\n",dai_link->cpu_dai_name);
    goto _err_defer;
  }

  rtd->num_codecs = dai_link->num_codecs;//codec数

  /* Find CODEC from registered CODECs */
  codec_dais = rtd->codec_dais;
  for (i = 0; i < rtd->num_codecs; i++) {
    codec_dais[i] = snd_soc_find_dai(&codecs[i]);
    if (!codec_dais[i]) {
      dev_err(card->dev, "ASoC: CODEC DAI %s not registered\\n",codecs[i].dai_name);
      goto _err_defer;
    }
  }

  /* Single codec links expect codec and codec_dai in runtime data */
  rtd->codec_dai = codec_dais[0];
  rtd->codec = rtd->codec_dai->codec;

  /* if there\'s no platform we match on the empty platform */
  platform_name = dai_link->platform_name;
  if (!platform_name && !dai_link->platform_of_node)
    platform_name = "snd-soc-dummy";

  /* find one from the set of registered platforms */
  list_for_each_entry(platform, &platform_list, list) {
    if (dai_link->platform_of_node) {
      if (platform->dev->of_node !=dai_link->platform_of_node)
      continue;
    } else {
      if (strcmp(platform->component.name, platform_name))
      continue;
    }

    rtd->platform = platform;
  }
  if (!rtd->platform) {
    dev_err(card->dev, "ASoC: platform %s not registered\\n",
    dai_link->platform_name);
    goto _err_defer;
  }

  soc_add_pcm_runtime(card, rtd);//将rtd加到card的rtd_list中
  return 0;

_err_defer:
  soc_free_pcm_runtime(rtd);
  return -EPROBE_DEFER;
}

在绑定了dai_link后,接着创建snd_card结构,即声卡。与soc_snd_card不同,snd_card是soc_snd_card的成员 。

ret = snd_card_new(card->dev, SNDRV_DEFAULT_IDX1, SNDRV_DEFAULT_STR1, card->owner, 0, &card->snd_card);

接下来probe dai_link上的component:

/* probe all components used by DAI links on this card */
for (order = SND_SOC_COMP_ORDER_FIRST; order <= SND_SOC_COMP_ORDER_LAST;order++) {
  list_for_each_entry(rtd, &card->rtd_list, list) {
    ret = soc_probe_link_components(card, rtd, order);//probe所有rtd上的components,包括cpu_dai, codec_dai, platform上的components.
    if (ret < 0) {
      dev_err(card->dev,"ASoC: failed to instantiate card %d\\n",ret);
      goto probe_dai_err;
    }
  }
}

紧接着probe 所有dai_links.

/* probe all DAI links on this card */
for (order = SND_SOC_COMP_ORDER_FIRST; order <= SND_SOC_COMP_ORDER_LAST;order++) {
  list_for_each_entry(rtd, &card->rtd_list, list) {
    ret = soc_probe_link_dais(card, rtd, order);//probe dai_link
    if (ret < 0) {
      dev_err(card->dev,"ASoC: failed to instantiate card %d\\n",ret);
      goto probe_dai_err;
    }
  }
}

在soc_probe_link_dais中,主要操作如下:

ret = soc_probe_dai(cpu_dai, order);//调用cpu_dai driver的probe

/* probe the CODEC DAI */
for (i = 0; i < rtd->num_codecs; i++) {
  ret = soc_probe_dai(rtd->codec_dais[i], order);//调用codec dai driver的probe
}

ret = soc_new_pcm(rtd, rtd->num);//创建rtd 的snd_pcm结构

/* create a new pcm */
int soc_new_pcm(struct snd_soc_pcm_runtime *rtd, int num)
{
  struct snd_soc_platform *platform = rtd->platform;
  struct snd_soc_dai *codec_dai;
  struct snd_soc_dai *cpu_dai = rtd->cpu_dai;
  struct snd_pcm *pcm;
  char new_name[64];
  int ret = 0, playback = 0, capture = 0;
  int i;

  /* create the PCM */

  if (rtd->dai_link->no_pcm) {
    snprintf(new_name, sizeof(new_name), "(%s)",rtd->dai_link->stream_name);

    ret = snd_pcm_new_internal(rtd->card->snd_card, new_name, num,playback, capture, &pcm);
  } else {
    if (rtd->dai_link->dynamic)
      snprintf(new_name, sizeof(new_name), "%s (*)",rtd->dai_link->stream_name);
    else
      snprintf(new_name, sizeof(new_name), "%s %s-%d",rtd->dai_link->stream_name,

      (rtd->num_codecs > 1) ?"multicodec" : rtd->codec_dai>name, num);

    ret = snd_pcm_new(rtd->card->snd_card, new_name, num, playback,capture, &pcm);//创建pcm,在前面文章已经详细讲过这个函数。
  }
  if (ret < 0) {
    dev_err(rtd->card->dev, "ASoC: can\'t create pcm for %s\\n",rtd->dai_link->name);
    return ret;
  }
  dev_dbg(rtd->card->dev, "ASoC: registered pcm #%d %s\\n",num, new_name);

  /* DAPM dai link stream work */
  INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&rtd->delayed_work, close_delayed_work);

  pcm->nonatomic = rtd->dai_link->nonatomic;
  rtd->pcm = pcm;
  pcm->private_data = rtd;

  if (rtd->dai_link->no_pcm) {
    if (playback)
      pcm->streams[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK].substream->private_data = rtd;
    if (capture)
      pcm->streams[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE].substream->private_data = rtd;
    goto out;
  }

  /* ASoC PCM operations */
  if (rtd->dai_link->dynamic) {
    rtd->ops.open = dpcm_fe_dai_open;
    rtd->ops.hw_params = dpcm_fe_dai_hw_params;
    rtd->ops.prepare = dpcm_fe_dai_prepare;
    rtd->ops.trigger = dpcm_fe_dai_trigger;
    rtd->ops.hw_free = dpcm_fe_dai_hw_free;
    rtd->ops.close = dpcm_fe_dai_close;
    rtd->ops.pointer = soc_pcm_pointer;
    rtd->ops.ioctl = soc_pcm_ioctl;
  } else {
    rtd->ops.open = soc_pcm_open;
    rtd->ops.hw_params = soc_pcm_hw_params;
    rtd->ops.prepare = soc_pcm_prepare;
    rtd->ops.trigger = soc_pcm_trigger;
    rtd->ops.hw_free = soc_pcm_hw_free;
    rtd->ops.close = soc_pcm_close;
    rtd->ops.pointer = soc_pcm_pointer;
    rtd->ops.ioctl = soc_pcm_ioctl;
  }

  if (platform->driver->ops) {
    rtd->ops.ack = platform->driver->ops->ack;
    rtd->ops.copy = platform->driver->ops->copy;
    rtd->ops.silence = platform->driver->ops->silence;
    rtd->ops.page = platform->driver->ops->page;
    rtd->ops.mmap = platform->driver->ops->mmap;
  }

  if (playback)
    snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, &rtd->ops);//设置pcm的操作函数为rtd->ops.

  if (capture)
    snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE, &rtd->ops);

  if (platform->driver->pcm_new) {
    ret = platform->driver->pcm_new(rtd);//调用snd_soc_platform_driver的pcm_new函数。
    if (ret < 0) {
      dev_err(platform->dev,"ASoC: pcm constructor failed: %d\\n",ret);
      return ret;
    }
  }

  pcm->private_free = platform->driver->pcm_free;
out:
  dev_info(rtd->card->dev, "%s <-> %s mapping ok\\n",(rtd->num_codecs > 1) ? "multicodec" : rtd->codec_dai->name,cpu_dai->name);
  return ret;
}

以上就完成了soc_probe_link_dais.接着将card注册到bus上,完成声卡的实例化。

ret = snd_card_register(card->snd_card);//在前面文章已经详细讲过这个函数

完成snd_card_register后,soc_probe基本上完成了platform driver的初始化。

 

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