Django
Posted Manger
tags:
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1、Django请求的生命周期
路由系统 -> 视图函数(获取模板+数据-->渲染) -> 字符串返回给用户
2、路由系统
/index/ -> 函数或类.as_view()
/detail/(\\d+) -> 函数(参数) 或 类.as_view()（参数）
/detail/(?P<nid>\\d+) -> 函数(参数) 或 类.as_view()（参数）
/detail/ -> include("app01.urls")
/detail/ name=\'a1\' -> include("app01.urls")
- 视图中：reverse
- 模板中：{% url "a1" %}
3、视图
FBV：函数
def index(request,*args,**kwargs):
..
CBV：类
class Home(views.View):
def get(self,reqeust,*args,**kwargs):
..
获取用户请求中的数据：
request.POST.get
request.GET.get
reqeust.FILES.get()
# checkbox,
........getlist()
request.path_info
文件对象 = reqeust.FILES.get()
文件对象.name
文件对象.size
文件对象.chunks()
# <form 特殊的设置></form>
给用户返回数据：
render(request, "模板的文件的路径", {\'k1\': [1,2,3,4],"k2": {\'name\': \'张扬\',\'age\': 73}})
redirect("URL")
HttpResponse(字符串)
4、模板语言
render(request, "模板的文件的路径", {\'obj\': 1234, \'k1\': [1,2,3,4],"k2": {\'name\': \'张扬\',\'age\': 73}})
<html>
<body>
<h1> {{ obj }} </h1>
<h1> {{ k1.3 }} </h1>
<h1> {{ k2.name }} </h1>
{% for i in k1 %}
<p> {{ i }} </p>
{% endfor %}
{% for row in k2.keys %}
{{ row }}
{% endfor %}
{% for row in k2.values %}
{{ row }}
{% endfor %}
{% for k,v in k2.items %}
{{ k }} - {{v}}
{% endfor %}
</body>
</html>
5、ORM
a. 创建类和字段
class User(models.Model):
age = models.IntergerFiled()
name = models.CharField(max_length=10)#字符长度
Python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
# settings.py 注册APP
b. 操作
增
models.User.objects.create(name=\'qianxiaohu\',age=18)
dic = {\'name\': \'xx\', \'age\': 19}
models.User.objects.create(**dic)
obj = models.User(name=\'qianxiaohu\',age=18)
obj.save()
删
models.User.objects.filter(id=1).delete()
改
models.User.objects.filter(id__gt=1).update(name=\'alex\',age=84)
dic = {\'name\': \'xx\', \'age\': 19}
models.User.objects.filter(id__gt=1).update(**dic)
查
models.User.objects.filter(id=1,name=\'root\')
models.User.objects.filter(id__gt=1,name=\'root\')
models.User.objects.filter(id__lt=1)
models.User.objects.filter(id__gte=1)
models.User.objects.filter(id__lte=1)
models.User.objects.filter(id=1,name=\'root\')
dic = {\'name\': \'xx\', \'age__gt\': 19}
models.User.objects.filter(**dic)
6、获取单表单数据的三种方式(views.py )
def business(request):
v1 = models.Business.objects.all()
# QuerySet ,内部元素都是对象
v2 = models.Business.objects.all().values(\'id\',\'caption\')
# QuerySet ,内部元素都是字典
v3 = models.Business.objects.all().values_list(\'id\',\'caption\')
# QuerySet ,内部元素都是元组
return render(request, \'business.html\', {\'v1\': v1,\'v2\': v2, \'v3\': v3})
特别注意
# 获取到的一个对象，如果不存在就报错
models.Business.objects.get(id=1)
但可以用下面的方式来获取对象
对象或者None = models.Business.objects.filter(id=1).first()
代码示例如下：
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse, redirect from app01 import models import json # Create your views here. def business(request): v1 = models.Business.objects.all() v2 = models.Business.objects.all().values(\'id\', \'caption\', \'code\') v3 = models.Business.objects.all().values_list(\'id\', \'caption\', \'code\') return render(request, \'business.html\', {\'v1\': v1, \'v2\': v2, \'v3\': v3}) def host(request): if request.method == "GET": v1 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0) v2 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0).values(\'nid\', \'hostname\', \'b_id\', \'b__caption\') v3 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0).values_list(\'nid\', \'hostname\', \'b_id\', \'b__caption\') b_list = models.Business.objects.all() return render(request, \'host.html\', {\'v1\': v1, \'v2\': v2, \'v3\': v3, \'b_list\': b_list}) elif request.method == "POST": h = request.POST.get(\'hostname\') i = request.POST.get(\'ip\') p = request.POST.get(\'port\') b = request.POST.get(\'b_id\') models.Host.objects.create(hostname=h, ip=i, port=p, b_id=b ) return redirect(\'/host\') def test_ajax(request): ret = {\'status\': True, \'error\': None, \'data\': None} try: h = request.POST.get(\'hostname\') i = request.POST.get(\'ip\') p = request.POST.get(\'port\') b = request.POST.get(\'b_id\') if h and len(h) > 5: models.Host.objects.create(hostname=h, ip=i, port=p, b_id=b) else: ret[\'status\'] = False ret[\'error\'] = "太短了" except Exception as e: ret[\'status\'] = False ret[\'error\'] = \'请求错误\' return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Business(models.Model): caption = models.CharField(max_length=32) code = models.CharField(max_length=32) class Host(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) hostname = models.CharField(max_length=32,db_index=True) ip = models.GenericIPAddressField(db_index=True) port = models.IntegerField() b = models.ForeignKey(to="Business",to_field=\'id\')
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> <style> .hide { display: none; } .shade { position: fixed; top: 0; right: 0; left: 0; bottom: 0; background: black; opacity: 0.6; z-index: 100; } .add-modal, .edit-modal, .delete-modal { position: fixed; height: 300px; width: 400px; top: 100px; left: 50%; z-index: 101; border: 1px solid red; background: white; margin-left: -200px; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>主机列表(对象)</h1> <div> <input id="add_host" type="button" value="添加"/> </div> <table border="1"> <thead> <tr> <th>序号</th> <th>主机名</th> <th>IP</th> <th>端口</th> <th>业务线名称</th> <th>操作</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for row in v1 %} <tr hid="{{ row.nid }}" bid="{{ row.b_id }}"> <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td> <td>{{ row.hostname }}</td> <td>{{ row.ip }}</td> <td>{{ row.port }}</td> <td>{{ row.b.caption }}</td> <td> <a class="edit">编辑</a>|<a class="delete">删除</a> </td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> <h1>主机列表(字典)</h1> <table border="1"> <thead> <tr> <th>主机名</th> <th>业务线名称</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for row in v2 %} <tr hid="{{ row.nid }}" bid="{{ row.b_id }}"> <td>{{ row.hostname }}</td> <td>{{ row.b__caption }}</td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> <h1>主机列表(元组)</h1> <table border="1"> <thead> <tr> <th>主机名</th> <th>业务线名称</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for row in v3 %} <tr hid="{{ row.0 }}" bid="{{ row.2 }}"> <td>{{ row.1 }}</td> <td>{{ row.3 }}</td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> <div class="shade hide"></div> <div class="add-modal hide"> <form id="add_form" method="POST" action="/host"> <div class="group"> <input id="host" type="text" placeholder="主机名" name="hostname"/> </div> <div class="group"> <input id="ip" type="text" placeholder="IP" name="ip"/> </div> <div class="group"> <input id="port" type="text" placeholder="端口" name="port"/> </div> <div class="group"> <select id="sel" name="b_id"> {% for op in b_list %} <option value="{{ op.id }}">{{ op.caption }}</option> {% endfor %} </select> </div> <input type="submit" value="提交"/> <a id="ajax_submit">悄悄提交</a> <input id="cancel" type="button" value="取消"/> <span id="erro_msg" style="color: red"></span> </form> </div> <div class="edit-modal hide"> <form id="edit_form" method="POST" action="/host"> <input type="text" name="nid" style="display:none"/> <input type="text" placeholder="主机名" name="hostname"/> <input type="text" placeholder="IP" name="ip"/> <input type="text" placeholder="端口" name="port"/> <select name="b_id"> {% for op in b_list %} <option value="{{ op.id }}">{{ op.caption }}</option> {% endfor %} </select> <a id="ajax_submit_edit">确认编辑</a> <input id="ajax_submit_cancel" type="button" value="取消"/> </form> </div> <div class="delete-modal hide"> <form id="delete_form" method="POST" action="/host"> <input type="text" name="nid" style="display:none"/> <input type="text" placeholder="主机名" name="hostname"/> <input type="text" placeholder="IP" name="ip"/> <input type="text" placeholder="端口" name="port"/> <select name="b_id"> {% for op in b_list %} <option value="{{ op.id }}">{{ op.caption }}</option> {% endfor %} </select> <a id="submit_delete">确认删除</a> <input id="submit_cancle" type="button" value="取消"/> </form> </div> <script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script> <script>django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Requested setting DEFAULT_INDEX_TABLESPACE的解决办法(转)(代码片段