Python之路Day6

Posted 2020-06-16

Day6的主要内容是：

configparser模块

shutil模块

subprocess模块

处理xml的模块

1.configparser模块

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "Q1mi"
"""
configparser 练习
"""

import configparser

# 写一个配置文件
config = configparser.ConfigParser()
config["DEFAULT"] = {‘ServerAliveInterval‘: ‘45‘, ‘Compression‘: ‘yes‘, ‘CompressionLevel‘: ‘9‘}

config[‘bitbucket.org‘] = {}
config[‘bitbucket.org‘][‘User‘] = ‘hg‘
config[‘topsecret.server.com‘] = {}
topsecret = config[‘topsecret.server.com‘]
topsecret[‘Host Port‘] = ‘50022‘     # mutates the parser
topsecret[‘ForwardX11‘] = ‘no‘  # same here
config[‘DEFAULT‘][‘ForwardX11‘] = ‘yes‘
with open(‘example.ini‘, ‘w‘) as configfile:
    config.write(configfile)

# 读配置文件
config = configparser.ConfigParser()
print(config.sections())
a = config.read("test.cfg")
print(a)
print(config.sections())
print("bitbucket.org" in config.sections())
print(config["bitbucket.org"]["user"])

for key in config["bitbucket.org"]:
    print(key, config["bitbucket.org"][key])

# 增删改查
config = configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read("test.cfg")
sec = config.sections()
print(sec)

options = config.options("bitbucket.org")
print(options)

item_list = config.items("bitbucket.org")
print(item_list)

val = config.get("bitbucket.org", "compressionlevel")
print(val)
val = config.getint("bitbucket.org", "compressionlevel")
print(val)

# 改写
config.remove_section("bitbucket.org")
config.write(open("test2.cfg", "w"))

sec = config.has_section("bitbuckrt.org")
print(sec)
config.add_section("bitbucket.org")
sec = config.has_section("bitbuckrt.org")
print(sec)

config.write(open("test2.cfg", "w"))

config.set("bitbucket.org", ‘k1‘, "11111")
config.write(open("test2.cfg", "w"))

config.remove_option("topsecret.server.com", "port")
config.write(open("test2.cfg", "w"))

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2.shutil模块

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "Q1mi"

"""
高级的 文件、文件夹、压缩包 处理模块
"""

import shutil
import os

# 将文件内容(文件对象)拷贝到另一个文件中，可以指定部分拷贝
# with open("D:\qimi_WorkSpace\S12\day6\\test1.txt", "rt") as f1, open("D:\qimi_WorkSpace\S12\day6\\test2.txt", "at")as f2:
#     shutil.copyfileobj(fsrc=f1, fdst=f2)

# 拷贝文件
# shutil.copyfile(src="D:\qimi_WorkSpace\S12\day6\\test1.txt",dst="D:\qimi_WorkSpace\S12\day6\\test2.txt")

# 仅拷贝权限。内容、组、用户均不变
# print(os.stat("D:\qimi_WorkSpace\S12\day6\\test2.txt"))
# shutil.copymode(src="D:\qimi_WorkSpace\S12\day6\\test1.txt", dst="D:\qimi_WorkSpace\S12\day6\\test2.txt")
# print(os.stat("D:\qimi_WorkSpace\S12\day6\\test2.txt"))


# # 拷贝状态的信息，包括：mode bits, atime, mtime, flags
# shutil.copystat(src=,dst=)
#
# # 拷贝文件和权限
# shutil.copy(src, dst)

# 拷贝文件和状态信息
# shutil.copy2(src,dst)

# 递归的去拷贝文件
# shutil.ignore_patterns(*patterns)
# shutil.copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None)

# 递归的去删除文件
# shutil.rmtree(path[, ignore_errors[, onerror]])

# 递归的去移动文件
# shutil.move(src, dst)

# 创建压缩包并返回文件路径，例如：zip、tar
# shutil.make_archive(base_name, format,...)

#
# base_name： 压缩包的文件名，也可以是压缩包的路径。只是文件名时，则保存至当前目录，否则保存至指定路径，
# 如：www                        =>保存至当前路径
# 如：/Users/wupeiqi/www =>保存至/Users/wupeiqi/
# format：    压缩包种类，“zip”, “tar”, “bztar”，“gztar”
# root_dir：    要压缩的文件夹路径（默认当前目录）
# owner：    用户，默认当前用户
# group：    组，默认当前组
# logger：    用于记录日志，通常是logging.Logger对象

# 将D:\qimi_WorkSpace\S12\day6目录下的文件打包成test.tar.gz，放置在当前目录
et = shutil.make_archive("test", ‘gztar‘, root_dir=‘D:\\qimi_WorkSpace\\S12\\day6‘)

# shutil模块对压缩包的处理是调用ZipFile和TarFile两个模块来进行的

# zipfile模块
import zipfile

# 压缩
z = zipfile.ZipFile(‘test.zip‘, ‘w‘)
z.write(‘a.log‘)
z.write(‘a.data‘)
z.close()

# 解压
z = zipfile.ZipFile(‘test.zip‘, ‘r‘)
z.extractall()
z.close()

# tarfile模块
import tarfile

# 压缩
tar = tarfile.open(‘test.tar‘,‘w‘)
tar.add(‘D:\\qimi_WorkSpace\\S12\\day6\\test1.tar‘, arcname=‘test1.tar‘)
tar.add(‘D:\\qimi_WorkSpace\\S12\\day6\\test2.tar‘, arcname=‘test2.tar‘)
tar.close()

# 解压
tar = tarfile.open(‘test.tar‘,‘r‘)
tar.extractall()  # 可设置解压地址
tar.close()

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3.subprocess模块

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "Q1mi"

"""
subprocess模块的练习
"""

import subprocess

subprocess.run("ipconfig")

# subprocess.Popen()用于执行复杂的系统命令
p = subprocess.Popen("ifconfig", shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
print(p.stdout.read())


# 需要交互的命令用到管道PIPE
obj = subprocess.Popen(["python"], stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
obj.stdin.write(b"print(‘hello1‘)\n")
obj.stdin.write(b"print(‘hello2‘)\n")
obj.stdin.write(b"print(‘hello3‘)\n")
a = obj.communicate(timeout=10)
print(a)

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4.处理xml文件的模块

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "Q1mi"

"""
xml模块的练习
"""

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

# 解析xml文件
tree = ET.parse("test.xml")
# 获取根
root = tree.getroot()
print(root.tag)

# 遍历xml文档
for child in root:
    print(child.tag, child.attrib)
    for i in child:
        print(i.tag, i.text)

# 只遍历year节点
for i in root.iter("year"):
    print(i.tag, i.text)


# 修改和删除xml文件
tree = ET.parse("test2.xml")
root = tree.getroot()

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