scrapy实践_爬取安居客_广州_新楼盘数据

Posted 2020-08-23 coskaka

需求：爬取【安居客—广州—新楼盘】的数据，具体到每个楼盘的详情页的若干字段。

难点：楼盘类型各式各样：住宅 别墅 商住 商铺 写字楼，不同楼盘字段的名称不一样。然后同一种类型，比如住宅，又分为不同的情况，比如分为期房在售，现房在售，待售，尾盘。其他类型也有类似情况。所以字段不能设置固定住。

解决方案：目前想到的解决方案，第一种：scrapy中items.py中不设置字段，spider中爬的时候自动识别字段（也就是有啥字段就保留下来），然后返回字典存起来。第二种，不同字段的网页分别写规则单独抓取。显然不可取。我采用的是第一种方案。还有其他方案的朋友们，欢迎交流哈。

目标网址为：http://gz.fang.anjuke.com/ 该网页下的楼盘数据

示例楼盘网址：http://gz.fang.anjuke.com/loupan/canshu-298205.html?from=loupan_tab

开始编写scrapy脚本。建立工程步骤略过。

1、count.py

 1 __author__ = \'Oscar_Yang\'
 2 #-*- coding= utf-8 -*-
 3 """
 4     查看mongodb存储状况的脚本count.py
 5 """
 6 import time
 7 import pymongo
 8 client = pymongo.MongoClient("localhost", 27017)
 9 db = client["SCRAPY_anjuke_gz"]
10 sheet = db["anjuke_doc1"]
11 
12 while True:
13     print(sheet.find().count())
14     print("____________________________________")
15     time.sleep(3)

1 """
2     entrypoint.py
3 """
4 from scrapy.cmdline import execute
5 execute([\'scrapy\', \'crawl\', \'anjuke_gz\'])

 1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 2 """
 3     settings.py
 4 """
 5 
 6 # Scrapy settings for anjuke_gz project
 7 #
 8 # For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
 9 # commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
10 #
11 #     http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
12 #     http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
13 #     http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
14 
15 BOT_NAME = \'anjuke_gz\'
16 
17 SPIDER_MODULES = [\'anjuke_gz.spiders\']
18 NEWSPIDER_MODULE = \'anjuke_gz.spiders\'
19 MONGODB_HOST = "127.0.0.1"
20 MONGODB_PORT = 27017
21 MONGODB_DBNAME="SCRAPY_anjuke_gz"
22 MONGODB_DOCNAME="anjuke_doc1"
23 
24 # Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
25 #USER_AGENT = \'anjuke_gz (+http://www.yourdomain.com)\'
26 
27 # Obey robots.txt rules
28 ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False
29 
30 # Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
31 #CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32
32 
33 # Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
34 # See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
35 # See also autothrottle settings and docs
36 #DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
37 # The download delay setting will honor only one of:
38 #CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
39 #CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16
40 
41 # Disable cookies (enabled by default)
42 #COOKIES_ENABLED = False
43 
44 # Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
45 #TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False
46 
47 # Override the default request headers:
48 #DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
49 #   \'Accept\': \'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8\',
50 #   \'Accept-Language\': \'en\',
51 #}
52 
53 # Enable or disable spider middlewares
54 # See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
55 #SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
56 #    \'anjuke_gz.middlewares.AnjukeGzSpiderMiddleware\': 543,
57 #}
58 
59 # Enable or disable downloader middlewares
60 # See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
61 #DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
62 #    \'anjuke_gz.middlewares.MyCustomDownloaderMiddleware\': 543,
63 #}
64 
65 # Enable or disable extensions
66 # See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
67 #EXTENSIONS = {
68 #    \'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole\': None,
69 #}
70 
71 # Configure item pipelines
72 # See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
73 ITEM_PIPELINES = {
74    \'anjuke_gz.pipelines.AnjukeGzPipeline\': 300,
75 }
76 
77 # Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
78 # See http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
79 #AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
80 # The initial download delay
81 #AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
82 # The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
83 #AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
84 # The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
85 # each remote server
86 #AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
87 # Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
88 #AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False
89 
90 # Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
91 # See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
92 HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
93 HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
94 HTTPCACHE_DIR = \'httpcache\'
95 HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
96 HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = \'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage\'

接下来，是items。因为没有设置字段，为默认的代码。

 1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 2 
 3 # Define here the models for your scraped items
 4 #
 5 # See documentation in:
 6 # http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html
 7 
 8 import scrapy
 9 
10 
11 class AnjukeGzItem(scrapy.Item):
12     # define the fields for your item here like:
13     # name = scrapy.Field()
14     pass

接下来，是piplines.py。在中设置了mongodb的配置。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don\'t forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html


import pymongo
from scrapy.conf import settings

class AnjukeGzPipeline(object):
    def __init__(self):
        host=settings["MONGODB_HOST"]
        port=settings["MONGODB_PORT"]
        dbname=settings["MONGODB_DBNAME"]
        client=pymongo.MongoClient(port=port,host=host)
        tdb = client[dbname]
        self.post=tdb[settings["MONGODB_DOCNAME"]]
    def process_item(self,item,spider):
        info = dict(item)
        self.post.insert(info)
        return item

最后，是最主要的spider.py

 1 from scrapy.http import Request
 2 import scrapy
 3 from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
 4 import re
 5 import requests
 6 """
 7     spider脚本
 8 """
 9 class Myspider(scrapy.Spider):
10     name = \'anjuke_gz\'
11     allowed_domains = [\'http://gz.fang.anjuke.com/loupan/\']
12     start_urls = ["http://gz.fang.anjuke.com/loupan/all/p{}/".format(i) for i in range(39)]
13 
14     def parse(self, response):
15         soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text,"lxml")
16         content=soup.find_all(class_="items-name") #返回每个楼盘的对应数据
17         for item in content:
18             code=item["href"].split("/")[-1][:6]
19             real_href="http://gz.fang.anjuke.com/loupan/canshu-{}.html?from=loupan_tab".format(code) #拼凑出楼盘详情页的url
20             res=requests.get(real_href)
21             soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text,"lxml")
22             a = re.findall(r\'<div class="name">(.*?)</div>\', str(soup))
23             b = soup.find_all(class_="des")
24             data = {}
25             for (i, j) in zip(range(len(b)), a):
26                 data[j] = b[i].text.strip().strip("\\t")
27                 data["url"] = real_href
28             yield data

下面是存入mongodb的情况。

　　因为针对不同的网页结构，爬取的规则是一个，所以爬取的时候就不能针对每个字段进行爬取，所以存到库里的数据如果要是分析的话还需要清洗。

在python中使用mongodb的查询语句，再配合使用pandas应该就很方便清洗了。