kvm cobbler无人值守批量安装操作系统

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2016-12-10  

 
cobbler:一个自动网络安装系统的工具,集成PEX、dhcp、dns、tftpd、sync等服务。可以供大家管理安装操作系统
kvm:Linux系统自带的虚拟化软件,自行找资料学习。
环境描述:
cobbler:
     系统:CentOS_x86 6.8
     网卡:
          eth0:vm1 (管理)10.10.100.131
          ech1:NAT (上网)DHCP
kvm:
     系统:CentOS_x86 6.8
     网卡:
          eth0:vm1 (管理)10.10.100.130
          ech1:NAT (上网)DHCP

系统环境准备:(两台主机上配置)
epel源配置:
yum -y install wget
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo
初始化配置:
yum -y install vim lrzsz ntp htop
防火墙:selinux配置:
service iptables stop
chkconfig iptables off
sed -i s/^SELINUX/SELINUX=disabled/ /etc/selinux/config
crond配置同步系统时间:
# rsync sys time
0 */2 * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time.windows.com

cobbler:
安装相关cobbler组件:
     yum -y install cobbler dhcp httpd xinetd tftp-server syslinux pykickstart   debmirror  cman fence-agents
配置相关选项:
sed -i "s/server: 127.0.0.1/server: $(ifconfig eth0 | awk -F‘[ :]+‘ ‘NR==2{print $4}‘)/g" /etc/cobbler/settings
grep --color "server:" /etc/cobbler/settings

sed -i "s/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/g" /etc/cobbler/settings
sed -i "s/manage_rsync: 0/manage_rsync: 1/g" /etc/cobbler/settings
grep --color ^manage_[a-zA-Z]\\{4,\\}\\: /etc/cobbler/settings

sed -i "s/disable\\t\\t\\t= yes/disable\\t\\t\\t= no/g" /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
sed -i "s/disable\\t= yes/disable = no/g" /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
grep --color "disable" /etc/xinetd.d/tftp  /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
cp /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template{,.bak}

sed -i "s/192.168.1.[0-9]\\{0,3\\}/10.10.100.0/g" /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
dhcp配置说明一下,这里只是修改为自己的网段:全局修改后,在单独修改配置

sed -i s/@dists="sid"/#@dists="sid"/ /etc/debmirror.conf
sed -i s/@arches/#@arches;/ /etc/debmirror.conf
启动服务:
service httpd start
service cobblerd start
cobbler get-loaders

# 配置安装好后的系统root初始密码,这里命令比较繁琐;因为都可以直接使用;所以不修改。同学们可以修改为自己想要的。
# 注意,这里生成的字符串码:不单单要配置到settings文件中,还需要替换到 kickstarts (sample_end.ks )文件中rootpw项
          sed -i "[email protected]$(grep --color -o ‘\\$[0-9A-Za-z]\\{0,\\}\\$[0-9A-Za-z]\\{0,\\}\\/[0-9A-Za-z]\\{0,\\}\\$[0-9A-Za-z]\\{0,\\}\\.‘  /etc/cobbler/settings)@$(openssl passwd -1 -salt ‘random-phrase-here‘ ‘12345678‘)@" /etc/cobbler/settings

检查配置:
service cobblerd restart
cobbler check

创建镜像:
mount /dev/cdrom /media/
cobbler import --path=/media --name=CentOS-6.8-x86_64-minimal --arch=x86_64
ln -s /var/www/cobbler/links/CentOS-6.8-minimal-x86_64/  /var/www/cobbler/links/CentOS-6.8-x86_64
cobbler distro edit --name=CentOS-6.8-minimal-x86_64 --ksmeta="tree=http://@@[email protected]@/cobbler/links/CentOS-6.8-x86_64"
创建profile:
cobbler profile add --name=CentOS-6.8-x86_64-minimal_base --distro=CentOS-6.8-minimal-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks
同步数据:
cobbler sync
创建system:(同学们注意下,这里创建system;主要目的是无人工干预安装操作系统。mac是kvm创建好后的虚拟机copy过来的。我这里是先前配置好的,写文档直接写了)
cobbler system add  --profile=CentOS-6.8-x86_64-minimal_base  --name=CentOS-6.8-x86_64-minimal_base --interface=eth0 --mac=52:54:00:96:af:34 --ip-address=10.10.100.241 --netmask=255.255.255.0 --gateway=10.10.100.131 --static=1 --dns-name=10.10.100.131

kvm(前提:cpu支持虚拟化):
查看cpu是否支持虚拟化:
Intel:vmx
AMC:svm
grep -Ei --color "(vmx|svm)" /proc/cpuinfo

配置网卡桥接:
这里使用eth0:
cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-br0
配置:
[[email protected] network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
BRIDGE="br0"
[[email protected] network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-br0
DEVICE="br0"
TYPE="Bridge"
ONBOOT="yes"
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=10.10.100.130
PREFIX=24
DELAY=0
重启网卡,生效

安装相关组件:
yum -y install kvm qemu-kvm qemu-kvm-tools libvirt  && ln -sv /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm /usr/sbin/  && service libvirtd start && chkconfig libvirtd on

注意:这里所有主机都是最小化安装、为了使用管理kvm方便;这边在kvm主机上安装了virtual machine manager
     安装组件:
virtual machine manager  虚拟机管理控制台 linux安装
yum -y install virt-manager
xwindows  linux安装 
yum groupinstall "X Window System" -y
 
到这里cobbler和kvm基本都已安装好:还有注意一点kvm启动网卡桥接:需要关闭网络管理工具:NetworkManager,这里是因为没有安装此工具。

操作端:
win系统:
这里需要连接kvm使用virtual machine manager管理kvm虚拟机,所有需要在win端安装xmanage控制台。网上有
连接:
技术分享     
配置:
技术分享 创建虚拟主机:copy mac地址到cobbler上创建 cobbler system 运行即可实现无人值守安装系统 一些小坑:
1、dhcp:获取不到地址,正确配置好dhcp;确定dhcp服务启动。dhcp是要cobbler sync之后才会启动的。 2、安装系统找不到kickstarts 文件,创建profile文件的时候;确保文件名正确 3、xamnage 启动安装提示sda 问题。创建的时候,硬盘资源不要给太小。运维同学都知道默认分配系统盘资源空间

附带kickstarts文件:注意:密码字符串

技术分享
# kickstart template for Fedora 8 and later.  
# (includes %end blocks)  
# do not use with earlier distros 
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T  
# System authorization information  
auth --useshadow --enablemd5  
# System bootloader configuration  
bootloader --location=mbr  
# Partition clearing information  
clearpart --all --initlabel  
# Use text mode install  
text  
# Firewall configuration  
firewall --service=ssh
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot  
firstboot --disable  
# System keyboard  
keyboard us  
# System language  
lang en_US  
# Use network installation  
url --url=$tree  
# If any cobbler repo definitions were referenced in the kickstart profile, include them here.  
$yum_repo_stanza  
# Network information  
$SNIPPET(network_config)  
# Reboot after installation  
reboot
network --onboot yes --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp --noipv6
rootpw  --iscrypted $1$random-p$hWRi.9FanNH4IXjhdupym/
firewall --service=ssh
authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
selinux --disabled
timezone --utc Asia/Shanghai
bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="nomodeset crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"
# The following is the partition information you requested
# Note that any partitions you deleted are not expressed
# here so unless you clear all partitions first, this is
# not guaranteed to work
#clearpart --linux --drives=sda
zerombr yes
clearpart --all --drives=sda --initlabel
#volgroup VolGroup --pesize=4096 pv.008002

part /boot --fstype=ext4 --size=200
part swap --size=512
part / --fstype=ext4 --grow --size=1

%packages --nobase
@core
openssh-clients
curl
%end
%pre  
$SNIPPET(log_ks_pre)  
$SNIPPET(kickstart_start)  
$SNIPPET(pre_install_network_config)  
# Enable installation monitoring  
$SNIPPET(pre_anamon)  
%end 
%packages --nobase
@core
openssh-clients
$SNIPPET(func_install_if_enabled)  
%end 
%post  
$SNIPPET(log_ks_post)  
# Start yum configuration  
$yum_config_stanza  
# End yum configuration  
$SNIPPET(post_install_kernel_options)  
$SNIPPET(post_install_network_config)  
$SNIPPET(func_register_if_enabled)  
$SNIPPET(download_config_files)  
$SNIPPET(koan_environment)  
$SNIPPET(redhat_register)  
$SNIPPET(cobbler_register)  
# Enable post-install boot notification  
$SNIPPET(post_anamon)  
# Start final steps  
$SNIPPET(kickstart_done)  
# End final steps  
iptables -F
chkconfig iptables off
rm -rf /etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf
cat >>/etc/hosts<<EOF
127.0.0.1       localhost.localdomain   localhost
::1     localhost.localdomain   localhost
EOF
cat >>/etc/resolv.conf<<EOF
; generated by /sbin/dhclient-script
nameserver 202.96.134.133
nameserver 202.96.128.68
EOF
yum -y install ntp
echo 01 */2 * * * ntpdate time.windows.com > /var/spool/cron/root
%end
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