西部开源学习笔记BOOK3《unit 4.SMTP》

Posted 2020-08-22

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################################

########## unit4.SMTP ##########

################################

###########1.实验环境搭建############

desktop：172.25.254.119

hostname：maillinux.linux.com

dns-server:172.25.254.219

server：172.25.254.219

hostname：mailwestos.westos.com

dns-server:172.25.254.219

#########2.必要软件的安装#########

[[email protected] ~]# yum install bind -y

#########3.DNS的配置########

server端：

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/resolv.conf

2 domain westos.com

3 search westos.com linux.com

4 nameserver 172.25.254.219

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/named.conf

11 // listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; };\

12 // listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };|-->这三行注释掉

17 // allow-query { localhost; };/

32 dnssec-validation no;##关闭dns安全认证

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones

25 zone "linux.com" IN {

26 type master;

27 file "linux.com.zone";

28 allow-update { none; };

29 };

31 zone "westos.com" IN {

32 type master;

33 file "westos.com.zone";

34 allow-update { none; };

35 };

[[email protected] ~]# cd /var/named/

[[email protected] named]# cp -p named.localhost westos.com.zone

[[email protected] named]# cp -p named.localhost linux.com.zone

[[email protected] named]# vim westos.com.zone

1 $TTL 1D

2 @ IN SOA dns.westos.com. root.westos.com. (

3 0 ; serial

4 1D ; refresh

5 1H ; retry

6 1W ; expire

7 3H ) ; minimum

8 NS dns.westos.com.

9 dns A 172.25.254.219

10 westos.com. MX 1 172.25.254.219.

[[email protected] named]# vim linux.com.zone

1 $TTL 1D

2 @ IN SOA dns.linux.com root.linux.com. (

3 0 ; serial

4 1D ; refresh

5 1H ; retry

6 1W ; expire

7 3H ) ; minimum

8 NS dns.linux.com.

9 dns A 172.25.254.219

10 linux.com. MX 1 172.25.254.119.

##注意：两条MX记录分别对应两个不同的域名和主机ip

[[email protected] named]# systemctl start named##启动服务

[[email protected] named]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=dns##防火墙允许dns服务

success

[[email protected] named]# firewall-cmd --reload ##重启防火墙后生效

success

desktop端：

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/resolv.conf

domain linux.com

search linux.com westos.com

nameserver 172.25.254.219

测试：

server端：

[[email protected] named]# dig -t MX westos.com

;; ANSWER SECTION:

westos.com.86400INMX1 172.25.254.219.

[[email protected] named]# dig -t MX linux.com

;; ANSWER SECTION:

linux.com.86400INMX1 172.25.254.119.

desktop端：

[[email protected] ~]# dig -t MX westos.com

;; ANSWER SECTION:

westos.com.86400INMX1 172.25.254.219.

[[email protected] ~]# dig -t MX linux.com

;; ANSWER SECTION:

linux.com.86400INMX1 172.25.254.119.

#########3.SMTP服务基础配置#########

server端：

[[email protected] named]# netstat -antple | grep 25##查看SMTP服务的端口是否开启

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:953 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 25 51218 3223/named

tcp 0 0 172.25.254.219:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 25 51215 3223/named

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 25 51213 3223/named

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 20925 1262/sshd

tcp 0 0 172.25.254.219:22 172.25.254.19:55336 ESTABLISHED 0 25114 1588/sshd: [email protected]

tcp6 0 0 ::1:953 :::* LISTEN 25 51219 3223/named

tcp6 0 0 :::25 :::* LISTEN 0 21229 1386/master

tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 0 20425 1276/rpcbind

##经查看并为开启SMTP服务的端口

[[email protected] named]# vim /etc/postfix/main.cf ##配置SMTP主配置文件

75 myhostname = mailwestos.westos.com##设置自己的主机名

83 mydomain = westos.com##设置自己的域名

99 myorigin = $mydomain##设置源=（自己的域名）

113 inet_interfaces = all##开放所有ip上的25端口

116 #inet_interfaces = localhost##将这一行注释掉(否则会影响第113行)

164 mydestination = $myhostname, $mydomain, localhost##只处理发给（自己的主机名|域名|localhost）的邮件

[[email protected] named]# systemctl restart postfix.service##重启服务后生效

测试：

server端：

[[email protected] named]# mail [email protected]##server给自己发mail

Subject: 123

ewqe

dawd

EOT

[[email protected] named]# mail##查看所有邮件

Heirloom Mail version 12.5 7/5/10. Type ? for help.

"/var/spool/mail/root": 1 message 1 unread

>U 1 root Tue Nov 29 10:11 21/576 "123"

##发送成功。(此时是219主机给自己发mail，因为119主机上并未配置smtp，所以219现在无法给119发mail)

或：

[[email protected] ~]# mail -u root##查看发给root的mail

Heirloom Mail version 12.5 7/5/10. Type ? for help.

"/var/mail/root": 1 message 1 unread

>U 1 root Tue Nov 29 10:11 21/576

==================注意=======================

上面的测试是server发mail给server端，不需要关闭防火墙。

但server和desktop之间相互发送mail的时候，要将双方的防火墙关闭，否则会发送失败。

============================================

补充：

1.当mail发送失败时，会保存下来。

[[email protected] named]# mail [email protected]##发给linux.com，但linux.com并未配置smtp

Subject: tbr

qeqwdwwa

dawda

dawdaw

EOT

[[email protected] named]# mailq##查看待寄mail的清单及其相关信息

-Queue ID- --Size-- ----Arrival Time---- -Sender/Recipient-------

D2ABE24620B 447 Tue Nov 29 10:21:22 [email protected]

(connect to 172.25.254.119[172.25.254.119]:25: No route to host)

[email protected]

-- 0 Kbytes in 1 Request.

[[email protected] named]# postqueue -p##查看寄存队列内容

-Queue ID- --Size-- ----Arrival Time---- -Sender/Recipient-------

1830C246219 443 Fri Dec 2 02:25:05 [email protected]

(Host or domain name not found. Name service error for name=linux.com type=MX: Host not found, try again)

[email protected]

-- 0 Kbytes in 1 Request.

[[email protected] named]# postqueue -f##将待寄存队列的mail再发送一遍

[[email protected] named]# postsuper -d D2ABE24620B##删除发送失败的mail，‘D2ABE24620B为该条mail的标示

postsuper: D2ABE24620B: removed

postsuper: Deleted: 1 message

[[email protected] named]# postsuper -dALL##删除队列的所有寄存mail

[[email protected] named]# postconf -d##查看默认配置

[[email protected] named]# postconf -n##查看当前的配置

[[email protected] named]# postconf -e "inet_interface=localhost"

[[email protected] named]# postconf -d | grep inet

inet_interfaces = all

inet_protocols = all

local_header_rewrite_clients = permit_inet_interfaces

[[email protected] named]# vim /etc/postfix/main.cf

[[email protected] named]# ll /usr/sbin/sendmail

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 21 5月 6 2014 /usr/sbin/sendmail -> /etc/alternatives/mta

[[email protected] named]# ll /etc/alternatives/mta

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 26 5月 6 2014 /etc/alternatives/mta -> /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix

#########4.主机之间发送mail##########

server端：

[[email protected] named]# systemctl stop firewalld.service##关闭防火墙

[[email protected] named]# scp /etc/postfix/main.cf [email protected]:/etc/postfix/main.cf

desktop端：

[[email protected] named]# vim /etc/postfix/main.cf ##配置SMTP主配置文件

:%s/westos/linux/g##将全局的westos换为linux就ok了

[[email protected] named]# systemctl restart postfix.service##重启服务后生效

[[email protected] named]# systemctl stop firewalld.service##关闭防火墙

测试：

desktop端--->server端

[[email protected] ~]# mail [email protected]

Subject: test1

dawdaw

dawda

wdaw

EOT

[[email protected] named]# mail

Heirloom Mail version 12.5 7/5/10. Type ? for help.

"/var/spool/mail/root": 1 message 1 new

>N 1 root Fri Dec 2 08:34 25/755

& 1

Message 1:

From [email protected] Fri Dec 2 08:34:35 2016

Return-Path: <[email protected]>

X-Original-To: [email protected]

Delivered-To: [email protected]

Date: Fri, 02 Dec 2016 08:33:45 -0500

To: [email protected]

Subject: test1

User-Agent: Heirloom mailx 12.5 7/5/10

Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

From: [email protected] (root)

Status: R

dawdaw

dawda

wdaw

server端--->server端:

[[email protected] named]# mail [email protected]

Subject: test2

wqqdwq

dawdwfda

dawdaw

EOT

[[email protected] ~]# mail

Heirloom Mail version 12.5 7/5/10. Type ? for help.

"/var/spool/mail/root": 1 message 1 new

>N 1 root Fri Dec 2 08:39 23/761

& 1

Message 1:

From [email protected] Fri Dec 2 08:39:06 2016

Return-Path: <[email protected]>

X-Original-To: [email protected]

Delivered-To: [email protected]

Date: Fri, 02 Dec 2016 08:39:06 -0500

To: [email protected]

Subject: test2

User-Agent: Heirloom mailx 12.5 7/5/10

Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

From: [email protected] (root)

Status: R

wqqdwq

dawdwfda

dawdaw

#########4.虚拟邮件帐号#########

这个虚拟帐号名可以是系统中存在的帐号，也可以是不存在的。

正常情况下：

server端存在student用户,desktop给server的student用户发送邮件恶的情况如下：

[[email protected] ~]# mail [email protected]

Subject: test3

awdwqe

dwqdq

EOT

[[email protected] named]# mail -u student##是student用户收到mail，而不是root

Heirloom Mail version 12.5 7/5/10. Type ? for help.

"/var/mail/student": 1 message

> 1 root Tue Dec 6 01:43 23/805 "student"

修改了虚拟用户之后：

server端：

[[email protected] named]# vim /etc/aliases

97 admin: root

98 student: root

[[email protected] named]# postalias /etc/aliases##加密（hash）生成db文件

[[email protected] named]# ll /etc/aliases*

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1576 12月 2 09:30 /etc/aliases

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12288 12月 2 09:08 /etc/aliases.db##生成了该文件（系统最后读的是这个文件）

[[email protected] named]# systemctl restart postfix.service ##重启服务后生效

测试：

desktop端：

[[email protected] ~]# mail [email protected]

Subject: test3

adwdq

dawdawd

dadawd

EOT

[[email protected] ~]# mail [email protected]

Subject: test4

qweqwd

dqwdzcfad

dawdawdwa

dqwdq

EOT

server端：

[[email protected] named]# mail -u root##发给admin和student的mail其实是root接收了

Heirloom Mail version 12.5 7/5/10. Type ? for help.

"/var/spool/mail/root": 3 messages 1 unread

1 root Fri Dec 2 08:34 26/766

2 root Fri Dec 2 09:06 24/768 ##这个是admin（实际收件人为root）

>U 3 root Fri Dec 2 09:09 25/787 ##这个是student（实际收件人为root）

##########5.邮件群发###########

server端：

[[email protected] named]# vim /etc/aliases

97 admin: root##删除此行

98 student: root##删除此行

99 more: :include:/etc/moreusers##指定群发的用户文件

============或=============

99 more: admin，student

[[email protected] named]# postalias /etc/aliases##重新生成db加密文件

[[email protected] named]# systemctl restart postfix.service ##重启服务后生效

[[email protected] named]# vim /etc/moreusers

1 admin

2 student

创建amdin和student用户：

[[email protected] named]# useradd admin

[[email protected] named]# useradd student

[[email protected] named]# id admin

uid=1001(admin) gid=1001(admin) groups=1001(admin)

[[email protected] named]# id student

uid=1000(student) gid=1000(student) groups=1000(student)

测试：

desktop端：

[[email protected] ~]# mail [email protected]

Subject: 123

adawdwq

dwadawd

dawdaw

EOT

server端：

[[email protected] named]# mail -u student

Heirloom Mail version 12.5 7/5/10. Type ? for help.

"/var/mail/student": 2 messages 1 new

>N 2 root Tue Dec 6 02:02 25/912 "123"

[[email protected] named]# mail -u admin

Heirloom Mail version 12.5 7/5/10. Type ? for help.

"/var/mail/admin": 1 message 1 new

>N 1 root Tue Dec 6 02:02 25/910 "123"

##两个用户都收到了mail

#########6.mail地址的别名########

在desktop端：

[[email protected] postfix]# ls

access generic main.cf relocated virtual

canonical header_checks master.cf transport

[[email protected] postfix]# vim virtual

295 [email protected] [email protected]

[[email protected] postfix]# postmap virtual##生成virtual.db加密文件

[[email protected] postfix]# ls

access generic main.cf relocated virtual

canonical header_checks master.cf transport virtual.db

[[email protected] postfix]# postconf -e "virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual"##给/etc/postfix/main.cf主配置文件添加该条参数

[[email protected] postfix]# systemctl restart postfix.service

测试：

desktop端：

[[email protected] postfix]# mail [email protected]

Subject: hehehe

dfqwfqwf

qwfwwqfqwf

EOT

server端：

[[email protected] postfix]# mail

Heirloom Mail version 12.5 7/5/10. Type ? for help.

"/var/spool/mail/root": 3 messages 1 new

>N 1 root Tue Dec 6 03:05 22/753 "hehehe"

#########7.出站地址伪装##########

[[email protected] named]# cd /etc/postfix/

[[email protected] postfix]# vim generic

240 [email protected] [email protected] ##前面的是原本的域名，后面的是伪装的域名

[[email protected] postfix]# ls

access generic main.cf relocated virtual

canonical header_checks master.cf transport

[[email protected] postfix]# postmap generic##生成generic.db加密文件

[[email protected] postfix]# ls

access generic.db master.cf virtual

canonical header_checks relocated

generic main.cf transport

[[email protected] postfix]# postconf -e "smtp_generic_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/generic"##给/etc/postfix/main.cf主配置文件添加该条参数

[[email protected] postfix]# systemctl restart postfix.service

测试：

server端：

[[email protected] postfix]# mail [email protected]

Subject: tbr

qweqw

dada

EOT

desktop端：

[[email protected] ~]# mail

Heirloom Mail version 12.5 7/5/10. Type ? for help.

"/var/spool/mail/root": 1 message 1 new

>N 1 root Sun Nov 27 03:46 23/749 "tbr"

& 1

Message 1:

From [email protected] Sun Nov 27 03:46:51 2016

Return-Path: <[email protected]>

X-Original-To: [email protected]

Delivered-To: [email protected]

Date: Sun, 27 Nov 2016 03:46:50 -0500

To: [email protected]

Subject: tbr

User-Agent: Heirloom mailx 12.5 7/5/10

Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

From: [email protected] (root)

Status: R

qweqw

dada

###########8.通过telnet远程登陆发送邮件############

##真实主机上安装Telnet软件(真实主机ip：172.25.254.19)

[[email protected] Software]# yum install telnet -y

[[email protected] Software]# telnet 172.25.254.219 25##通过25端口连接

Trying 172.25.254.219...

Connected to 172.25.254.219.

Escape character is ‘^]‘.

220 mailwestos.westos.com ESMTP Postfix

500 5.5.2 Error: bad syntax

ehlo hello##显示如下，则登陆成功

250-mailwestos.westos.com

250-PIPELINING

250-SIZE 10240000

250-VRFY

250-ETRN

250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES

250-8BITMIME

250 DSN

mail from:[email protected]##mail由发送方

250 2.1.0 Ok

rcpt to:[email protected]##mail的接受方

250 2.1.5 Ok

data##输入data之后下面写正文

354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>

dafadada

adad

dawdad

adad

250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 4541524620D

quit ##退出

Connection closed by foreign host.

[[email protected] Software]#

###########9.根据ip来拒绝smtp连接请求##########

##该配置会导致被拒绝的ip主机telnet上邮件服务器之后无法收发邮件（实际是拒绝了smtp连接请求）。注意不要和邮件服务器本地用户的在服务器端直接收发邮件的权限混淆。

[[email protected] ~]# cd /etc/postfix/

[[email protected] postfix]# vim access

477 172.25.254.19 REJECT##此处填写拒绝的主机ip（本实验是真实主机ip172.25.254.19,注意：477是行号）

[[email protected] postfix]# ls

access generic main.cf relocated virtual

canonical header_checks master.cf transport

[[email protected] postfix]# postmap access ##生成.db加密文件

[[email protected] postfix]# ls

access canonical header_checks master.cf transport

access.db generic main.cf relocated virtual

[[email protected] postfix]# postconf -d | grep client##通过该命令查询关于mail-server的client的配置

broken_sasl_auth_clients = no

local_header_rewrite_clients = permit_inet_interfaces

parent_domain_matches_subdomains =

smtpd_client_recipient_rate_limit = 0

smtpd_client_restrictions =##应用这条命令

unknown_client_reject_code = 450

[[email protected] postfix]# postconf -e "smtpd_client_restrictions = check_client_access hash:/etc/postfix/access"

##将该条配置加到主配置文件中，注意这里面的access其实指的是access.db文件

[[email protected] postfix]# vim /etc/postfix/main.cf ##检查上条命令是否生效

680 smtpd_client_restrictions = check_client_access hash:/etc/postfix/access

##有此行表示生效了

[[email protected] postfix]# systemctl restart postfix.service##重启服务生效

测试：

真实主机（172.25.254.19）：

[[email protected] Desktop]# telnet 172.25.254.219 25

Trying 172.25.254.219...

Connected to 172.25.254.219.

Escape character is ‘^]‘.

220 mailwestos.westos.com ESMTP Postfix

ehlo hello##可以成功telnet到服务器端

250-mailwestos.westos.com

250-PIPELINING

250-SIZE 10240000

250-VRFY

250-ETRN

250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES

250-8BITMIME

250 DSN

mail from:[email protected]##此时没有显示报错

250 2.1.0 Ok

rcpt to:[email protected]##此时会产生报错，因为client端ip被拒绝了

554 5.7.1 <unknown[172.25.254.19]>: Client host rejected: Access denied

##########10.禁止邮件服务器本地的指定用户发送mail##############

##该配置会导致被远程登陆上邮件服务器无法使用指定的用户进行发件。注意不要和邮件服务器本地用户的在服务器端直接发邮件的权限混淆。

注意：在该实验之前先将上一个实验中的部分配置删除，否册影响实验

[[email protected] postfix]# vim /etc/postfix/main.cf

680 smtpd_client_restrictions = check_client_access hash:/etc/postfix/access

##删除该行

server端：

[[email protected] postfix]# vim sender##这个文件在/etc/postfix/下没有，需要自己创建（可以自命名）

[email protected] REJECT##这里要写用户+域名（此处禁止了server端的westos用户发送mail）

[[email protected] postfix]# postmap sender ##生成.db加密文件

[[email protected] postfix]# ls

access header_checks mysql-maildir.cf sender.db

access.db main.cf mysql-user.cf transport

canonical master.cf relocated virtual

generic mysql-domain.cf sender

[[email protected] postfix]# postconf -e "smtpd_sender_restrictions = check_sender_access hash:/etc/posfix/sender"

##将该条配置加到主配置文件中，注意这里面的sender其实指的是sender.db文件

[[email protected] postfix]# vim /etc/postfix/main.cf ##检查上条命令是否生效

681 smtpd_sender_restrictions = check_sender_access hash: /etc/posfix/sender

##有此行表示生效了

[[email protected] postfix]# systemctl restart postfix.service##重启服务生效

[[email protected] postfix]# useradd westos##创建westos用户，作为测试用

[[email protected] postfix]$ id westos

uid=1002(westos) gid=1002(westos) groups=1002(westos)

测试：

真实主机（172.25.254.19）：

[[email protected] Desktop]# telnet 172.25.254.219 25

Trying 172.25.254.219...

Connected to 172.25.254.219.

Escape character is ‘^]‘.

220 mailwestos.westos.com ESMTP Postfix

mail from:[email protected]##注意；此处是用westos用户发送

250 2.1.0 Ok

rcpt to:[email protected]##无法发送，发送方的地址被拒绝

451 4.3.5 <[email protected]>: Sender address rejected: Access denied

============邮件服务器本地的westos用户还是可以发送的========

server端：

[[email protected] postfix]# su - westos

[[email protected] ~]$ mail [email protected]

Subject: tbr

adwdwq

dawdwad

fawdawd

EOT

desktop端：

[[email protected] ~]# mail

Heirloom Mail version 12.5 7/5/10. Type ? for help.

"/var/spool/mail/root": 1 message 1 new

>N 1 [email protected] Sat Dec 3 06:00 23/754

& 1

#########11.禁止指定用户接收mail###############

[[email protected] postfix]# vim recip##这个文件在/etc/postfix/下没有，需要自己创建（可以自命名）

1 [email protected] REJECT

[[email protected] postfix]# postmap recip ##生成.db加密文件

[[email protected] postfix]# postconf -e "smtpd_recipient_restrictions = check_recipient_access hash:/etc/postfix/recip"

##将该条配置加到主配置文件中，注意这里面的sender其实指的是sender.db文件

[[email protected] postfix]# systemctl restart postfix.service ##重启服务后生效

测试：

真实主机（172.25.254.19）

[[email protected] Desktop]# telnet 172.25.254.219 25

Trying 172.25.254.219...

Connected to 172.25.254.219.

Escape character is ‘^]‘.

220 mailwestos.westos.com ESMTP Postfix

mail from:[email protected]

250 2.1.0 Ok

rcpt to:[email protected]

554 5.7.1 <[email protected]>: Recipient address rejected: Access denied

##########12.dovecot与mail##########

server端：

[[email protected] ~]# yum install dovecot -y

[[email protected] ~]# cd /etc/dovecot/

[[email protected] dovecot]# ls

conf.d dovecot.conf

[[email protected] dovecot]# vim dovecot.conf

24 protocols = imap pop3 lmtp

46 # for authentication checks). disable_plaintext_auth is also ignored for

49 disable_plaintext_auth = no

[[email protected] dovecot]# cd conf.d/

[[email protected] conf.d]# vim 10-mail.conf

25 # mail_location = mbox:~/mail:INBOX=/var/mail/%u

30 mail_location = mbox:~/mail:INBOX=/var/mail/%n##注意:这里改为%n

[[email protected] conf.d]# systemctl start dovecot

[[email protected] conf.d]# netstat -antple| grep dovecot

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:993 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 59637 3274/doveco

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:995 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 59613 3274/doveco

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:110 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 59611 3274/doveco

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:143 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 59635 3274/doveco

tcp6 0 0 :::993 :::* LISTEN 0 59638 3274/doveco

tcp6 0 0 :::995 :::* LISTEN 0 59614 3274/doveco

tcp6 0 0 :::110 :::* LISTEN 0 59612 3274/doveco

tcp6 0 0 :::143 :::* LISTEN 0 59636 3274/doveco

[[email protected] conf.d]# su - westos

[[email protected] ~]$ mkdir -p mail/.imap/

[[email protected] ~]$ touch mail/.imap/INBOX

[[email protected] ~]$ logout

[[email protected] conf.d]# cd /etc/skel/

[[email protected] skel]# mkdir -p mail/.imap

[[email protected] skel]# touch mail/.imap/INBOX

[[email protected] ~]# useradd tbr

[[email protected] ~]# su - tbr

[[email protected] ~]$ ls

mail

[[email protected] ~]$ cd mail/

[[email protected] mail]$ ls -a

. .. .imap

[[email protected] mail]$ cd .imap/

[[email protected] .imap]$ ls

INBOX

真实主机端：

[[email protected] Desktop]# yum install mutt -y

server端：

[[email protected] conf.d]# > /var/log/maillog

#########14.thunderbird雷鸟（本地邮件代理）#########

1.安装thunderbird

[[email protected] mnt]# lftp 172.25.254.250

====在/pub/docs/software下get thunderbird-31.4.0.tar.bz2=====

[[[email protected] mnt]# ls

thunderbird-31.4.0.tar.bz2

[[email protected] mnt]# tar jxf thunderbird-31.4.0.tar.bz2

[[email protected] mnt]# ls

thunderbird thunderbird-31.4.0.tar.bz2

[[email protected] mnt]# cd thunderbird/

===========以下这部分，是用来将thunderbird需要的的相关软件也找出来并安装==========

[[email protected] thunderbird]# ./thunderbird

-bash: ./thunderbird: /lib/ld-linux.so.2: bad ELF interpreter: No such file or directory

[[email protected] thunderbird]# yum whatprovides /lib/ld-linux.so.2

[[email protected] thunderbird]# yum isntall glibc-2.17-55.el7.i686 -y

==========================================================================

[[email protected] thunderbird]# ./thunderbird

(process:2668): GLib-CRITICAL **: g_slice_set_config: assertion `sys_page_size == 0‘ failed

Error: no display specified##直到最后显示为这个：表示图形无法打开

[[email protected] thunderbird]# logout##关闭ssh，并以图形的方式建立ssh连接

Connection to 172.25.254.119 closed.

[[email protected] Desktop]# ssh [email protected] -X##注意：此处加-X

[email protected]‘s password:

Last login: Thu Dec 8 02:56:30 2016 from 172.25.254.19

2.设置dovecot

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf

48 login_trusted_networks = 0.0.0.0/0

[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart dovecot.service

3.配置之前创建的westos用户和tbr用户

注意：westos用户有密码，但此时tbr用户没有密码，需要加一个密码

[[email protected] ~]# cd /mnt/

[[email protected] mnt]# ls

thunderbird thunderbird-31.4.0.tar.bz2

[[email protected] mnt]# cd thunderbird/

[[email protected] thunderbird]# ./thunderbird

您的大名：westos

电子邮件地址：[email protected]

伺服器主机名称埠SSL认证

收件：IMAP172.25.254.219143无自动侦测

寄件：SMTP172.25.254.21925无自动侦测

使用者名称：收件westos寄件：westos

下图为添加tbr用户：

【重新测定】

【下载邮件】即可

技术分享

###########15.与数据库关联，建立虚拟用户############

指定所有的用户

1.安装软件

server端：

[[email protected] ~]# yum install mariadb-server httpd php php-mysql.x86_64 -y

[[email protected] ~]# cd /var/www/html/

[[email protected] html]# lftp 172.25.254.250

=======在/pub/docs/software下get phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages.tar.bz2

[[email protected] html]# ls

phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages.tar.bz2

2.配置MYSQL

server端：

[[email protected] html]# tar jxf phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages.tar.bz2

[[email protected] html]# ls

phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages

phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages.tar.bz2

[[email protected] html]# rm -fr phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages.tar.bz2

[[email protected] html]# ls

phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages

[[email protected] html]# mv phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages myadmin

[[email protected] html]# ls

myadmin

[[email protected] html]# cd myadmin/

[[email protected] myadmin]# cp config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php

[[email protected] myadmin]# vim config.inc.php

17 $cfg[‘blowfish_secret‘] = ‘tbr‘; /* YOU MUST FILL IN THIS FOR COOKIE AUTH! */

[[email protected] myadmin]# vim /etc/hosts

6 172.25.254.219 mailwestos.westos.com westos.org

[[email protected] myadmin]# systemctl start httpd

[[email protected] myadmin]# systemctl start mariadb

[[email protected] myadmin]# mysql_secure_installation

[[email protected] myadmin]# systemctl restart mariadb.service

[[email protected] myadmin]# mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MariaDB connection id is 2

Server version: 5.5.35-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]>

测试：

真实主机（172.25.254.219）

http://172.25.254.219/myadmin/

输入【帐号】【密码】

新建数据库：email

server端：

[[email protected] myadmin]# mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:

MariaDB [(none)]> select * from email.vuser；

+------------------+----------+------------+-------------------------------+

+------------------+----------+------------+-------------------------------+

+------------------+----------+------------+-------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER [email protected] identified by ‘postfix‘;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

##创建虚拟用户table的管理用户postfix

MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE on email.* to [email protected];

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

##发放权限给管理员postfix

MariaDB [(none)]> quit

Bye

[[email protected] myadmin]# mysql -upostfix -ppostfix

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| email |

+--------------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT * FROM email.vuser;

+------------------+----------+------------+-------------------------------+

+------------------+----------+------------+-------------------------------+

+------------------+----------+------------+-------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> quit

Bye

[[email protected] myadmin]# cd /etc/postfix/

[[email protected] postfix]# vim mysql-user.cf

1 hosts = localhost

2 user = postfix

3 password = postfix

4 dbname = email

5 table = vuser

6 select_field = username

7 where_field = username

[[email protected] postfix]# postmap -q "[email protected]" mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-user.cf

[[email protected] postfix]# postmap -q "[email protected]" mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-user.cf##再次执行后有如下显示则生效

[email protected]

[[email protected] postfix]# postmap -q "[email protected]" mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-user.cf

[email protected]

[[email protected] postfix]# cp -p mysql-user.cf mysql-domain.cf

[[email protected] postfix]# cp -p mysql-user.cf mysql-maildir.cf

[[email protected] postfix]# vim mysql-domain.cf

1 hosts = localhost

2 user = postfix

3 password = postfix

4 dbname = email

5 table = vuser

6 select_field = domain

7 where_field = domain

[[email protected] postfix]# vim mysql-maildir.cf

1 hosts = localhost

2 user = postfix

3 password = postfix

4 dbname = email

5 table = vuser

6 select_field = maildir

7 where_field = username

[[email protected] postfix]# groupadd -g 666 vmail

[[email protected] postfix]# useradd -u 666 -g 666 vmail -s /sbin/nologin

[[email protected] postfix]# postconf -e "virtual_gid_maps = static:666"

[[email protected] postfix]# postconf -e "virtual_uid_maps = static:666"

[[email protected] postfix]# postconf -e "virual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail"

[[email protected] postfix]# postconf -e "virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-user.cf"

[[email protected] postfix]# ll /etc/postfix/mysql-user.cf

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 128 12月 8 07:49 /etc/postfix/mysql-user.cf

[[email protected] postfix]# postconf -e "virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-domain.cf"

[[email protected] postfix]# ll /etc/postfix/mysql-domain.cf

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 124 12月 8 08:03 /etc/postfix/mysql-domain.cf

[[email protected] postfix]# postconf -e "virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-maildir.cf"

[[email protected] postfix]# ll /etc/postfix/mysql-maildir.cf

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 127 12月 8 08:04 /etc/postfix/mysql-maildir.cf

[[email protected] vmail]# systemctl restart postfix.service

测试：

在server端：

[[email protected] vmail]# mail [email protected]

Subject: test1

afwfqfq

qwfqwfwqdfq

EOT

[[email protected] vmail]# ls

mail westos.org

[[email protected] vmail]# cd westos.org/

[[email protected] westos.org]# ls

admin

[[email protected] westos.org]# cd admin/

[[email protected] admin]# ls

cur new tmp

[[email protected] admin]# cat new/1481204095.Vfd01I271795M137319.mailwestos.westos.com

Return-Path: <[email protected]>

X-Original-To: [email protected]

Delivered-To: [email protected]

Received: by mailwestos.westos.com (Postfix, from userid 0)

id 17E9E271786; Thu, 8 Dec 2016 08:34:54 -0500 (EST)

Date: Thu, 08 Dec 2016 08:34:54 -0500

To: [email protected]

Subject: test1

User-Agent: Heirloom mailx 12.5 7/5/10

MIME-Version: 1.0

Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Message-Id: <[email protected]>

From: [email protected] (root)

afwfqfq

qwfqwfwqdfq

############16.postfix+mariadb(MYSQL)+thunderbird##############

[[email protected] admin]# cd /etc/dovecot/conf.d/

[[email protected] conf.d]# vim 10-auth.conf

123 !include auth-sql.conf.ext##将此行注释取消掉

[[email protected] conf.d]# cd /usr/share/doc/dovecot-2.2.10/example-config/

[[email protected] example-config]# ls

conf.d dovecot-dict-auth.conf.ext dovecot-ldap.conf.ext

dovecot.conf dovecot-dict-sql.conf.ext dovecot-sql.conf.ext

[[email protected] example-config]# cp dovecot-sql.conf.ext /etc/dovecot/

[[email protected] example-config]# cd /etc/dovecot/

[[email protected] dovecot]# vim dovecot-sql.conf.ext

32 driver = mysql

71 connect = host=localhost dbname=email user=postfix password=postfix

78 default_pass_scheme = PLAIN

107 password_query = \

108 SELECT username, domain, password \

109 FROM vuser WHERE username = ‘%u‘ AND domain = ‘%d‘

125 user_query = SELECT maildir, 666 AS uid, 666 AS gid FROM vuser WHERE username = ‘%u‘

[[email protected] dovecot]# cd conf.d/

[[email protected] conf.d]# vim 10-mail.conf

30 mail_location = maildir:/home/vmail/%d/%n

168 first_valid_uid = 666

175 first_valid_gid = 666

[[email protected] conf.d]# systemctl restart dovecot.service

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