【xfs&quota】XFS文件系统中quota的使用

Posted 2023-03-24

参考技术A XFS是扩展性高、高性能的文件系统，也是rhel7/CentOS7的默认文件系统。

# cat /etc/redhat-release

# which xfs_quota

# rpm -qf /sbin/xfs_quota

# xfs_quota --help

# yum info xfsprogs

# man xfs_quota

如果用户需要使用大容量的磁盘空间，需要使用volume.

Quota主要来限制容器的rootfs, 这个rootfs一般是在host的磁盘会和别的容器共享，所以需要对它做限制。

容器实战高手课/在实战中深入理解容器技术的本质

https://time.geekbang.org/column/intro/365

磁盘配额（Quota）与进阶文件系统管理

https://wizardforcel.gitbooks.io/vbird-linux-basic-4e/content/124.html

XFS文件系统中quota的使用

https://kim1024.github.io/2018/11/27/quota-with-xfs

Linux 磁盘配额（XFS & EXT4）

https://www.cnblogs.com/llife/p/11406819.html

在XFS文件系统上实现针对目录的配额限制

https://www.ichenfu.com/2017/02/20/xfs-per-directory-quota

CentOS7.x xfs 文件系统配置quota 用户磁盘配额

https://www.cnblogs.com/ruiy/p/7446770.html

centos7 xfs 文件系统配置quota 用户磁盘配额

XFS是扩展性高、高性能的文件系统。也是rhel7/centos7的默认文件系统。
XFS支持metadata journaling,这使其能从crash中更快速的恢复。
它也支持在挂载和活动的状态下进行碎片整理和扩容。
通过延迟分配，XFS 赢得了许多机会来优化写性能。
可通过工具xfsdump和xfsrestore来备份和恢复xfs文件系统，
xfsdump可使用dump级别来完成增量备份，还可通过size,subtree,inode flags来排除文件。
也支持user、group、project配额。

下面将介绍如何创建xfs文件系统，分配配额以及对其扩容:
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将/dev/sdb分区（2G），并启动LVM功能

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[root@localhost zhongq]#parted /dev/sdb                               GNU Parted 3.1 Using /dev/sdb Welcome to GNU Parted! Type help to view a list of commands. (parted) mkpart primary 4 2048 (parted) set 1 lvm on                                                    (parted) p                                                             Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 2147MB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags:   Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags  1      4194kB  2048MB  2044MB               primary  lvm

 

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创建PV

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[root@localhost zhongq]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1   Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created   [root@localhost zhongq]# pvdisplay   --- Physical volume ---   PV Name               /dev/sda2   VG Name               centos   PV Size               24.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB   Allocatable           yes (but full)   PE Size               4.00 MiB   Total PE              6274   Free PE               0   Allocated PE          6274   PV UUID               9hp8U7-IJM6-bwbP-G9Vn-IVuJ-yvE8-AkFjcB        "/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "1.90 GiB"   --- NEW Physical volume ---   PV Name               /dev/sdb1   VG Name                 PV Size               1.90 GiB   Allocatable           NO   PE Size               0     Total PE              0   Free PE               0   Allocated PE          0   PV UUID               bu7yIH-1440-BPy1-APG2-FpvX-ejLS-2MIlA8

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将/dev/sdb1分配到名为xfsgroup00的VG

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[root@localhost zhongq]# vgcreate  xfsgroup00 /dev/sdb1  Volume group "xfsgroup00" successfully created [root@localhost zhongq]# vgdisplay  --- Volume group ---   VG Name               centos   System ID               Format                lvm2   Metadata Areas        1   Metadata Sequence No  3   VG Access             read/write   VG Status             resizable   MAX LV                0   Cur LV                2   Open LV               2   Max PV                0   Cur PV                1   Act PV                1   VG Size               24.51 GiB   PE Size               4.00 MiB   Total PE              6274   Alloc PE / Size       6274 / 24.51 GiB   Free  PE / Size       0 / 0     VG UUID               T3Ryyg-R0rn-2i5r-7L5o-AZKG-yFkh-CDzhKm        --- Volume group ---   VG Name               xfsgroup00   System ID               Format                lvm2   Metadata Areas        1   Metadata Sequence No  1   VG Access             read/write   VG Status             resizable   MAX LV                0   Cur LV                0   Open LV               0   Max PV                0   Cur PV                1   Act PV                1   VG Size               1.90 GiB   PE Size               4.00 MiB   Total PE              487   Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0     Free  PE / Size       487 / 1.90 GiB   VG UUID               ejuwcc-sVES-MWWB-3Mup-n1wB-Kd0g-u7jm0H

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使用命令lvcreate来创建xfsgroup00组大小为1G的名为xfsdata的LV

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[root@localhost zhongq]# lvcreate -L 1024M -n xfsdata xfsgroup00 WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/xfsgroup00/xfsdata at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n] y   Wiping xfs signature on /dev/xfsgroup00/xfsdata.   Logical volume "xfsdata" created [root@localhost zhongq]# lvdisplay   --- Logical volume ---   LV Path                /dev/centos/swap   LV Name                swap   VG Name                centos   LV UUID                EnW3at-KlFG-XGaQ-DOoH-cGPP-8pSf-teSVbh   LV Write Access        read/write   LV Creation host, time localhost, 2014-08-18 20:15:25 +0800   LV Status              available   # open                 2   LV Size                2.03 GiB   Current LE             520   Segments               1   Allocation             inherit   Read ahead sectors     auto   - currently set to     8192   Block device           253:0        --- Logical volume ---   LV Path                /dev/centos/root   LV Name                root   VG Name                centos   LV UUID                zmZGkv-Ln4W-B8AY-oDnD-BEk2-6VWL-L0cZOv   LV Write Access        read/write   LV Creation host, time localhost, 2014-08-18 20:15:26 +0800   LV Status              available   # open                 1   LV Size                22.48 GiB   Current LE             5754   Segments               1   Allocation             inherit   Read ahead sectors     auto   - currently set to     8192   Block device           253:1        --- Logical volume ---   LV Path                /dev/xfsgroup00/xfsdata   LV Name                xfsdata   VG Name                xfsgroup00   LV UUID                O4yvoY-XGcD-0zPm-eilR-3JJP-updU-rRCSlJ   LV Write Access        read/write   LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2014-09-23 15:50:19 +0800   LV Status              available   # open                 0   LV Size                1.00 GiB   Current LE             256   Segments               1   Allocation             inherit   Read ahead sectors     auto   - currently set to     8192   Block device           253:3

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格式化分区为xfs文件系统。
注意：xfs被创建后，其size将无法缩小，但可以通过xfs_growfs来增大

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[root@localhost zhongq]# mkfs.xfs /dev/xfsgroup00/xfsdata meta-data=/dev/xfsgroup00/xfsdata isize=256    agcount=4, agsize=65536 blks          =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1          =                       crc=0 data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=262144, imaxpct=25          =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=0 log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2          =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

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挂载xfs系统分区到指定目录，并通过参数uquota,gquota开启文件系统配额。

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[root@localhost zhongq]# mkdir /xfsdata [root@localhost zhongq]# mount -o uquota,gquota /dev/xfsgroup00/xfsdata /xfsdata [root@localhost zhongq]# chmod 777 /xfsdata [root@localhost zhongq]# mount|grep xfsdata /dev/mapper/xfsgroup00-xfsdata on /xfsdata type xfs (rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,usrquota,grpquota)

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使用xfs_quota命令来查看配额信息以及为用户和目录分配配额，并验证配额限制是否生效。

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[root@localhost zhongq]# xfs_quota -x -c report /xfsdata User quota on /xfsdata (/dev/mapper/xfsgroup00-xfsdata)                                Blocks                     User ID          Used       Soft       Hard    Warn/Grace     ---------- -------------------------------------------------- root                0          0          0     00 [--------]   Group quota on /xfsdata (/dev/mapper/xfsgroup00-xfsdata)                                Blocks                     Group ID         Used       Soft       Hard    Warn/Grace     ---------- -------------------------------------------------- root                0          0          0     00 [--------]   [root@localhost zhongq]# xfs_quota -x -c limit bsoft=100M bhard=120M zhongq /xfsdata [root@localhost zhongq]#xfs_quota -x -c report /xfsdata User quota on /xfsdata (/dev/mapper/xfsgroup00-xfsdata)                                Blocks                     User ID          Used       Soft       Hard    Warn/Grace     ---------- -------------------------------------------------- root                0          0          0     00 [--------] zhongq              0     102400     122880     00 [--------]   Group quota on /xfsdata (/dev/mapper/xfsgroup00-xfsdata)                                Blocks                     Group ID         Used       Soft       Hard    Warn/Grace     ---------- -------------------------------------------------- root                0          0          0     00 [--------]   [root@localhost zhongq]# su zhongq [zhongq@localhost ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/xfsdata/zq00 bs=1M count=100 100+0 records in 100+0 records out 104857600 bytes (105 MB) copied, 28.9833 s, 3.6 MB/s [zhongq@localhost ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/xfsdata/zq01 bs=1M count=100 dd: error writing ‘/xfsdata/zq01’: Disk quota exceeded 21+0 records in 20+0 records out 20971520 bytes (21 MB) copied, 4.18921 s, 5.0 MB/s   [zhongq@localhost ~]$ exit   [root@localhost zhongq]# xfs_quota xfs_quota> help df [-bir] [-hn] [-f file] -- show free and used counts for blocks and inodes help [command] -- help for one or all commands print -- list known mount points and projects quit -- exit the program quota [-bir] [-gpu] [-hnNv] [-f file] [id|name]... -- show usage and limits   Use help commandname for extended help. xfs_quota> print Filesystem          Pathname /                   /dev/mapper/centos-root /boot               /dev/sda1 /var/lib/docker     /dev/mapper/centos-root /xfsdata            /dev/mapper/xfsgroup00-xfsdata (uquota, gquota) xfs_quota> quota -u zhongq Disk quotas for User zhongq (1000) Filesystem                        Blocks      Quota      Limit  Warn/Time      Mounted on /dev/mapper/xfsgroup00-xfsdata    122880     102400     122880   00  [6 days]   /xfsdata

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先使用命令lvextend将LV扩展为1.5G(初始容量是1G)，然后使用命令xfs_growfs来对xfs文件系统扩容（这里以block计数）

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[root@localhost zhongq]# lvextend -L 1.5G /dev/xfsgroup00/xfsdata   Extending logical volume xfsdata to 1.50 GiB   Logical volume xfsdata successfully resized     [root@localhost zhongq]# xfs_growfs /dev/xfsgroup00/xfsdata -D 393216 meta-data=/dev/mapper/xfsgroup00-xfsdata isize=256    agcount=4, agsize=65536 blks          =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1          =                       crc=0 data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=262144, imaxpct=25          =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=0 log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2          =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0 data blocks changed from 262144 to 393216     [root@localhost zhongq]# df -h|grep xfsdata /dev/mapper/xfsgroup00-xfsdata  1.5G  153M  1.4G  10% /xfsdata