English 12.4.2016

Posted 2020-08-22

英语写作中替换掉用到发腻的↓常用词↓，吐血整理2小时~~

 

动词替换：

 

1.Improve 提高：

 

Promote: 促进AC之间的贸易　　promote the trade between A and C; 　　He was promoted to senior manager in this company.

 

Advance: our understanding of human genetics has considerably(非常的，可换做vastly) advanced.

 

Enhance: the publicity has enhanced his reputation.这次宣传提高了他的名望

 

2.change 改变：

 

Transform:　　多指改头换面，完全改变，不能用于形容slight change。　　说到人口变化：the increasing population has transformed the landscape and structure of local industry structure.　　人口剧增改变了小镇的景色以及当地的工业结构

 

3.Emphasize 强调：

 

Highlight：　　the report highlight the decline in the numbers of native(可以换作local) plants and insects.

 

Stress: 　　He stresses the need for parents to listen to their children.

 

Accentuate:　　 the crisis accentuates the gap between rich and poor.

 

(highlight and emphasize 的区别：highlight是告诉人们重点，因而能够让别人注意，类似于老师勾重点；而emphasize则是使重点清晰，不管别人是否能注意得到。而stress则和emphasize差不多)

 

4.Develop培养：

 

Cultivate:　　cultivate the ability of … ；培养情操；　　cultivate a more relaxed and positive way towards life.

 

Nurture:　　 养育，同样可以指培养人才（talents）the sea nutures ample marine animals.

 

5.Break 破坏：

 

Impair：　　impair ability; 　　主要是破坏能力，莫乱用。

 

Undermine这个词也是指的是抽象意义上的破坏，有逐渐削弱之意，重点是循序渐进的过程。　　Undermine one’s ability/confidence/authority/position/credibility

 

Jeopardize: 不能乱用，破坏的东西要上一定的等级才能配上此词。　　比如Jeopardize the process of peace.破坏和平进程

 

Devastate特指毁灭、蹂躏　　 the earthquake devastated the whole city.

 

6.Keep 保存

 

Preserve、Conserve 保护资源用的就是这个词，不要用protect，protect这个词用在保护具体的东西。

 

7.deal With解决

 

Tackle: tackle the problem.

 

Resolve: resolve dispute争论/conflict冲突/problem/issue/crisis危机；来自拉丁语，比较正式。

 

8.need 需要

 

Require：　　xxx requires courage and confidence.

 

Necessitate: 　　用法不简单，没有摸透。

 

call for（这也是个很高级的用法，奥巴马就用这个【我不晓得奥巴马咋个用的，原帖是这样说的，并且call for也挺正式的】）：跟need一样的用法

 

形容词替换：

 

1.Everywhere 普遍的

 

Widespread: 随便用

 

Prevalent：Drug abuse is especially prevalent among teenagers.

 

Overflow：泛滥 the garden is overflew with colors of flowers.

 

Rampant: 特指有害的东西泛滥，比如疾病，犯罪等，并且难于控制。H1n1 Virus is rampant in the world.甲流世界泛滥

 

2.Good 好的（太多了）

Impressive, glorious, amazing, brilliant, incredible, attractive…

 

Beneficial（反义词：detrimental）the drug is beneficial to the immune system.

 

Advantageous: 特指有益的。Advantageous industry：优势产业

 

3.Harmful 有害的

Unfavorable, horrible, disgusting

 

Inhumane: 没人性的

 

lousy (I’m fed up with the lousy job.)

 

severe (severe problem, illness, injuries.)

 

abysmal(低谷：their performance is abysmal.)

 

Detrimental: smoking is detrimental to your health.

 

Baneful: 现阶段用不到，文学作品里面的“邪恶”，完全诘屈聱牙。

 

4.Rich 富有的

 

Wealthy、Affluent、ample

 

There are a myriad of stars in the Milky Way. (银河系好多星星啊！！)

 

5.Poor 贫穷的

 

Impoverished（动词表示使贫穷： The great depression had impoverished many third world countries.）an impoverished student.

 

7.Serious 严重的

 

Severe

 

8.Obvious 明显的

 

Manifest: a manifest error judge明显判断失误; Adv. Manifestly .e.g. a manifestly unfair system.

 

Apparent、Evident

 

Patent: patent impossibilities. 显然不可能的事。

 

9.cheap 便宜的

 

Economical：经济的，不浪费，而不是单纯指某物便宜。经济适用房：economically affordable housing。

 

Inexpensive=cheap

 

Reasonable：价格合理的。Reasonable price

 

Affordable：能够支付的。

 

名词替换：

 

1.Forefather 祖先

 

Ancestor、Predecessor

 

2.Difference不同

 

Gap（简单但是牛）沟，generation gap——very common use in CET-4/6

 

Distinction: sharp/clear distinction between allergy and food intolerance (TBBT里面的Howard就有lactose intolerance，一吃peanuts就会肿，长荨麻疹rash哈哈。)

 

再想牛就用schism。比如“填平两个分支学科之间的分歧”heal the schism between clinical medicine and public health.(有本书就叫这个。)

 

3.Crime 犯罪

 

Delinquency：一般crime都用不到。指道德败坏，违法行为，为显示词汇量可以与crime连用

 

Criminal Act：犯罪行为

 

4.Environment 环境

 

Circumstance：under the circumstances. 相当抽象的词，“情况”。

 

Surrounding：表示周围居住的环境，想当具体。Nearby可与之互换。The surrounding area.

 

Atmosphere、Ambience：这两个词可替换，但是当atmosphere表示大气层的意思的时候则不能。

 

5.Pollution 污染

 

Contamination: 我觉得太装B了，他的pp还不错：contaminated water—特指被污染的水

 

6.Human 人类

 

Individual/men/ones/以及一切表示工人，农民公务员等等的词

 

The human race

 

Humankind

 

Humanity：特别指出，用来表示人性。其他一概不要用。虽然也有人之类的意思。

 

 

7.Danger 危险

 

Hazard：化学、物理危害；隐患：polluted water is a hazard to wild life and nature；safety/nature hazard.

 

8.In modern society 在当今社会

 

In contemporary society

 

In present-day society

 

In  this day and age（这是最牛的说法）

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English | LDOCE
http://www.ldoceonline.com/