在CentOS 6上安装EPEL源
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EPEL 是什么？
EPEL (Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux，企业版Linux的额外软件包) 是Fedora小组维护的一个软件仓库项目，为RHEL/CentOS提供他们默认不提供的软件包。这个源兼容RHEL及像CentOS和Scientific Linux这样的衍生版本。
我们可以很容易地通过yum命令从EPEL源上获取上万个在CentOS自带源上没有的软件。EPEL提供的软件包大多基于其对应的Fedora软件包，不会与企业版Linux发行版本的软件发生冲突或替换其文件。
更多关于EPEL 项目的细节可以到以下网站获取：https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL
在文本中，我将展示在CentOS下如何安装EPEL源(系统为centos 6.8 root用户)
在CentOS 上安装EPEL
要想安装EPEL，我们先要下载EPEL的rpm安装包。
CentOS/RHEL下的6.x和5.x版本下载页面如下
http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/repoview/epel-release.htmlhttp://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/i386/repoview/epel-release.html
以上网址可能会被重定向到特定的镜像站而加快下载速度。这个页面包含可以直接获取到rpm包的下载链接。直接的下载链接如下：
http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpmhttp://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
根据你的CentOS 版本来选择正确的下载地址。
请注意EPEL 的安装包是独立编译的，所以它可以安装在32位和64位系统中。
1. 确认你的CentOS 的版本
首先通过以下命令确认你的CentOS 版本
$cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.8 (Final)
2. 下载EPEL 的rpm 安装包
现在从上面的地址下载CentOS 版本所对应的EPEL 的版本
$ wget http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
3. 安装EPEL
通过以下命令安装EPEL 软件包
$ rpm -ivh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
5. 检查EPEL 源
安装好EPEL 源后，用yum 命令来检查是否添加到源列表
# yum repolist Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.vonline.vn * epel: buaya.klas.or.id * extras: centos-hn.viettelidc.com.vn * updates: mirrors.fibo.vn repo id repo name status base CentOS-6 - Base 6,381 epel Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64 10,023 extras CentOS-6 - Extras 13 nginx nginx repo 47 updates CentOS-6 - Updates 1,555 repolist: 18,019
EPEL已经在repo 后列出，并且显示提供了上万个软件包，所以EPEL 已经安装到你的CentOS了。
EPEL源的配置安装到了 /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo 文件。
现在来试一下从EPEL 获取软件包
$ yum install java yum -y install java Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security Setting up Install Process Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * epel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 1:1.8.0.111-0.b15.el6_8 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless = 1:1.8.0.111-0.b15.el6_8 for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.111-0.b15.el6_8.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1 for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.111-0.b15.el6_8.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libjvm.so(SUNWprivate_1.1)(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.111-0.b15.el6_8.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libjli.so(SUNWprivate_1.1)(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.111-0.b15.el6_8.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libjava.so(SUNWprivate_1.1)(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.111-0.b15.el6_8.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libjli.so()(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.111-0.b15.el6_8.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libjava.so()(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.111-0.b15.el6_8.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libgif.so.4()(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.111-0.b15.el6_8.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libawt.so()(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.111-0.b15.el6_8.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package giflib.x86_64 0:4.1.6-3.1.el6 will be installed ---> Package java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless.x86_64 1:1.8.0.111-0.b15.el6_8 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: tzdata-java >= 2014f-1 for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.111-0.b15.el6_8.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: jpackage-utils for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.111-0.b15.el6_8.x86_64 ---> Package xorg-x11-fonts-Type1.noarch 0:7.2-11.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: ttmkfdir for package: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch --> Processing Dependency: ttmkfdir for package: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch --> Processing Dependency: mkfontdir for package: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch --> Processing Dependency: mkfontdir for package: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch --> Running transaction check ---> Package jpackage-utils.noarch 0:1.7.5-3.16.el6 will be installed ---> Package ttmkfdir.x86_64 0:3.0.9-32.1.el6 will be installed ---> Package tzdata-java.noarch 0:2016j-1.el6 will be installed ---> Package xorg-x11-font-utils.x86_64 1:7.2-11.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libfontenc.so.1()(64bit) for package: 1:xorg-x11-font-utils-7.2-11.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libXfont.so.1()(64bit) for package: 1:xorg-x11-font-utils-7.2-11.el6.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package libXfont.x86_64 0:1.5.1-2.el6 will be installed ---> Package libfontenc.x86_64 0:1.1.2-3.el6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved =========================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =========================================================================================================================== Installing: java-1.8.0-openjdk x86_64 1:1.8.0.111-0.b15.el6_8 updates 198 k Installing for dependencies: giflib x86_64 4.1.6-3.1.el6 base 37 k java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless x86_64 1:1.8.0.111-0.b15.el6_8 updates 32 M jpackage-utils noarch 1.7.5-3.16.el6 base 60 k libXfont x86_64 1.5.1-2.el6 base 145 k libfontenc x86_64 1.1.2-3.el6 base 29 k ttmkfdir x86_64 3.0.9-32.1.el6 base 43 k tzdata-java noarch 2016j-1.el6 updates 182 k xorg-x11-font-utils x86_64 1:7.2-11.el6 base 75 k xorg-x11-fonts-Type1 noarch 7.2-11.el6 base 520 k Transaction Summary =========================================================================================================================== Install 10 Package(s) Total download size: 33 M Installed size: 105 M Downloading Packages: (1/10): giflib-4.1.6-3.1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 37 kB 00:00 (2/10): java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.111-0.b15.el6_8.x86_64.rpm | 198 kB 00:00 (3/10): java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.111-0.b15.el6_8.x86_64.rpm | 32 MB 00:51 (4/10): jpackage-utils-1.7.5-3.16.el6.noarch.rpm | 60 kB 00:00 (5/10): libXfont-1.5.1-2.el6.x86_64.rpm | 145 kB 00:00 (6/10): libfontenc-1.1.2-3.el6.x86_64.rpm | 29 kB 00:00 (7/10): ttmkfdir-3.0.9-32.1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 43 kB 00:00 (8/10): tzdata-java-2016j-1.el6.noarch.rpm | 182 kB 00:00 (9/10): xorg-x11-font-utils-7.2-11.el6.x86_64.rpm | 75 kB 00:00 (10/10): xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch.rpm | 520 kB 00:00 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 634 kB/s | 33 MB 00:53 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : libfontenc-1.1.2-3.el6.x86_64 1/10 Installing : libXfont-1.5.1-2.el6.x86_64 2/10 Installing : 1:xorg-x11-font-utils-7.2-11.el6.x86_64 3/10 Installing : tzdata-java-2016j-1.el6.noarch 4/10 Installing : jpackage-utils-1.7.5-3.16.el6.noarch 5/10 Installing : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.111-0.b15.el6_8.x86_64 6/10 Installing : giflib-4.1.6-3.1.el6.x86_64 7/10 Installing : ttmkfdir-3.0.9-32.1.el6.x86_64 8/10 Installing : xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch 9/10 Installing : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.111-0.b15.el6_8.x86_64 10/10 Verifying : ttmkfdir-3.0.9-32.1.el6.x86_64 1/10 Verifying : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.111-0.b15.el6_8.x86_64 2/10 Verifying : giflib-4.1.6-3.1.el6.x86_64 3/10 Verifying : jpackage-utils-1.7.5-3.16.el6.noarch 4/10 Verifying : 1:xorg-x11-font-utils-7.2-11.el6.x86_64 5/10 Verifying : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.111-0.b15.el6_8.x86_64 6/10 Verifying : libfontenc-1.1.2-3.el6.x86_64 7/10 Verifying : xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch 8/10 Verifying : libXfont-1.5.1-2.el6.x86_64 9/10 Verifying : tzdata-java-2016j-1.el6.noarch 10/10 Installed: java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 1:1.8.0.111-0.b15.el6_8 Dependency Installed: giflib.x86_64 0:4.1.6-3.1.el6 java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless.x86_64 1:1.8.0.111-0.b15.el6_8 jpackage-utils.noarch 0:1.7.5-3.16.el6 libXfont.x86_64 0:1.5.1-2.el6 libfontenc.x86_64 0:1.1.2-3.el6 ttmkfdir.x86_64 0:3.0.9-32.1.el6 tzdata-java.noarch 0:2016j-1.el6 xorg-x11-font-utils.x86_64 1:7.2-11.el6 xorg-x11-fonts-Type1.noarch 0:7.2-11.el6 Complete!
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