XSS的防御

Posted 小秒

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基于代码修改的防御

和SQL注入防御一样,XSS攻击也是利用了Web页面的编写疏忽,所以还有一种方法就是从Web应用开发的角度来避免:

步骤1、对所有用户提交内容进行可靠的输入验证,包括对URL、查询关键字、HTTP头、POST数据等,仅接受指定长度范围内、采用适当格式、采用所预期的字符的内容提交,对其他的一律过滤。

步骤2、实现Session标记(session tokens)、CAPTCHA系统或者HTTP引用头检查,以防功能被第三方网站所执行。

步骤3、确认接收的的内容被妥善的规范化,仅包含最小的、安全的Tag(没有javascript),去掉任何对远程内容的引用(尤其是样式表和javascript),使用HTTP only的cookie。

当然,如上操作将会降低Web业务系统的可用性,用户仅能输入少量的制定字符,人与系统间的交互被降到极致,仅适用于信息发布型站点。并且考虑到很少有Web编码人员受过正规的安全培训,很难做到完全避免页面中的XSS漏洞(注 )。

附上防御代码(不是我写的): The goal of this function is to be a generic function that can be usedto parse almost any input and render it XSS safe. For more informationon  actual XSS attacks, check out http://ha.ckers.org/xss.html .  Another excellent site is the XSS Database which details each attack and how it works.

  1. <? php
  2. function RemoveXSS ( $val ) {
  3. // remove all non-printable characters. CR(0a) and LF(0b) and TAB(9) are allowed
  4. // this prevents some character re-spacing such as <java\0script>
  5. // note that you have to handle splits with n, r, and t later since they *are* allowed in some inputs
  6. $val = preg_replace ( ‘/([x00-x08,x0b-x0c,x0e-x19])/’ , , $val );
  7. // straight replacements, the user should never need these since they’re normal characters
  8. // this prevents like <IMG [email protected]:alert(‘XSS’)>
  9. $search = ‘abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz’ ;
  10. $search .= ‘ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ’ ;
  11. $search .= [email protected]#$%^&amp;*()’ ;
  12. $search .= ‘~`&quot;;:?+/={}[]-_|’ \ ‘;
  13. for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($search); $i++) {
  14. // ;? matches the ;, which is optional
  15. // 0{0,7} matches any padded zeros, which are optional and go up to 8 chars
  16. // @ @ search for the hex values
  17. $val = preg_replace(‘/(& amp ; #[xX]0{0,8}’.dechex(ord($search[$i])).’;?)/i’, $search[$i], $val); // with a ;
  18. // @ @ 0{0,7} matches ’0′ zero to seven times
  19. $val = preg_replace ( ‘/(&amp;#0{0,8}’ . ord ( $search [ $i ]). ‘;?)/’ , $search [ $i ], $val ); // with a ;
  20. }
  21. // now the only remaining whitespace attacks are t, n, and r
  22. $ra1 = Array( ‘javascript’ , ‘vbscript’ , ‘expression’ , ‘applet’ , ‘meta’ , ‘xml’ , ‘blink’ , ‘link’ , ’style’ , ’script’ , ‘embed’ , ‘object’ , ‘iframe’ , ‘frame’ , ‘frameset’ , ‘ilayer’ , ‘layer’ , ‘bgsound’ , ‘title’ , ‘base’ );
  23. $ra2 = Array( ‘onabort’ , ‘onactivate’ , ‘onafterprint’ , ‘onafterupdate’ , ‘onbeforeactivate’ , ‘onbeforecopy’ , ‘onbeforecut’ , ‘onbeforedeactivate’ , ‘onbeforeeditfocus’ , ‘onbeforepaste’ , ‘onbeforeprint’ , ‘onbeforeunload’ , ‘onbeforeupdate’ , ‘onblur’ , ‘onbounce’ , ‘oncellchange’ , ‘onchange’ , ‘onclick’ , ‘oncontextmenu’ , ‘oncontrolselect’ , ‘oncopy’ , ‘oncut’ , ‘ondataavailable’ , ‘ondatasetchanged’ , ‘ondatasetcomplete’ , ‘ondblclick’ , ‘ondeactivate’ , ‘ondrag’ , ‘ondragend’ , ‘ondragenter’ , ‘ondragleave’ , ‘ondragover’ , ‘ondragstart’ , ‘ondrop’ , ‘onerror’ , ‘onerrorupdate’ , ‘onfilterchange’ , ‘onfinish’ , ‘onfocus’ , ‘onfocusin’ , ‘onfocusout’ , ‘onhelp’ , ‘onkeydown’ , ‘onkeypress’ , ‘onkeyup’ , ‘onlayoutcomplete’ , ‘onload’ , ‘onlosecapture’ , ‘onmousedown’ , ‘onmouseenter’ , ‘onmouseleave’ , ‘onmousemove’ , ‘onmouseout’ , ‘onmouseover’ , ‘onmouseup’ , ‘onmousewheel’ , ‘onmove’ , ‘onmoveend’ , ‘onmovestart’ , ‘onpaste’ , ‘onpropertychange’ , ‘onreadystatechange’ , ‘onreset’ , ‘onresize’ , ‘onresizeend’ , ‘onresizestart’ , ‘onrowenter’ , ‘onrowexit’ , ‘onrowsdelete’ , ‘onrowsinserted’ , ‘onscroll’ , ‘onselect’ , ‘onselectionchange’ , ‘onselectstart’ , ‘onstart’ , ‘onstop’ , ‘onsubmit’ , ‘onunload’ );
  24. $ra = array_merge ( $ra1 , $ra2 );
  25. $found = true ; // keep replacing as long as the previous round replaced something
  26. while ( $found == true ) {
  27. $val_before = $val ;
  28. for ($i = 0 ; $i < sizeof ( $ra ); $i ++) {
  29. $pattern = ‘/’ ;
  30. for ($j = 0 ; $j < strlen ( $ra [ $i ]); $j ++) {
  31. if ($j > 0 ) {
  32. $pattern .= ‘(‘ ;
  33. $pattern .= ‘(&amp;#[xX]0{0,8}([9ab]);)’ ;
  34. $pattern .= ‘|’ ;
  35. $pattern .= ‘|(&amp;#0{0,8}([9|10|13]);)’ ;
  36. $pattern .= ‘)*’ ;
  37. }
  38. $pattern .= $ra [ $i ][ $j ];
  39. }
  40. $pattern .= ‘/i’ ;
  41. $replacement = substr ( $ra [ $i ], 0 , 2 ). ‘<x>’ . substr ( $ra [ $i ], 2 ); // add in <> to nerf the tag
  42. $val = preg_replace ( $pattern , $replacement , $val ); // filter out the hex tags
  43. if ( $val_before == $val ) {
  44. // no replacements were made, so exit the loop
  45. $found = false ;
  46. }
  47. }
  48. }
  49. return $val ;
  50. }

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