Unity3d学习 预设体(prefab)的一些理解

Posted 2020-08-21 余姚北路

之前一直在想如果要在Unity3d上创建很多个具有相同结构的对象,是如何做的,后来查了相关资料发现预设体可以解决这个问题！

预设体的概念: 组件的集合体 , 预制物体可以实例化成游戏对象.

创建预设体的作用: 可以重复的创建具有相同结构的游戏对象。

.1下面来讲解一下如何制作一个简单的预设体(上下为流程和结果图):

　　

　　

.2 创建多个prefabs_new(代码,结果图):

 1 using UnityEngine;
 2 using System.Collections;
 3  
 4 //[ExecuteInEditMode]表示在编辑模式下运行(注意改变prefab的属性其他属性也会变)
 5 public class CreateInstance : MonoBehaviour {
 6     public GameObject prefabs = null;
 7     private Vector3 pos;
 8     void Start () {
 9         if (prefabs != null)
10         {
11             pos = new Vector3(0, 2.7f, -10.5114f);
12             for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
13             {
14                 Object tmpObj = Instantiate(prefabs, pos , Quaternion.identity);
15                 pos.x = pos.x - 3;
16             }
17         }
18         else
19         {
20             Debug.Log("prefabs is null");
21         }
22     }
23 }

 

　　

 如果(预设物C = 预设物B 和 预设物 A的组合) 则会形成 修改预设物A的数据不会影响预设物C中的内嵌数据,下面方法可以帮助解决!

 .4关于perfab之间的嵌套(主要是一个perfab数据修改了嵌套这个perfab的数据要做对应的更新):

    

关于预设体嵌套预设体的代码(在实例化时会拿到最新的perfab数据):

using UnityEngine;
#if UNITY_EDITOR
using UnityEditor;
using UnityEditor.Callbacks;
#endif
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
[ExecuteInEditMode]
public class PrefabInstance : MonoBehaviour
{
    public GameObject prefab;
 
#if UNITY_EDITOR    
    // Struct of all components. Used for edit-time visualization and gizmo drawing
    public struct Thingy {
        public Mesh mesh;
        public Matrix4x4 matrix;
        public List<Material> materials;
    }
 
    [System.NonSerializedAttribute] public List<Thingy> things = new List<Thingy> ();
 
    void OnValidate () {
        things.Clear();
        if (enabled)
            Rebuild (prefab, Matrix4x4.identity);
    }
 
    void OnEnable () {
        things.Clear();
        if (enabled)
            Rebuild (prefab, Matrix4x4.identity);
    }
 
    void Rebuild (GameObject source, Matrix4x4 inMatrix) {
        if (!source)
            return;
 
        Matrix4x4 baseMat = inMatrix * Matrix4x4.TRS (-source.transform.position, Quaternion.identity, Vector3.one);
        
        foreach (MeshRenderer mr in source.GetComponentsInChildren(typeof (Renderer), true))
        {
            things.Add(new Thingy () {
                mesh = mr.GetComponent<MeshFilter>().sharedMesh,
                matrix = baseMat * mr.transform.localToWorldMatrix,
                materials = new List<Material> (mr.sharedMaterials)
            });
        }
 
        foreach (PrefabInstance pi in source.GetComponentsInChildren(typeof (PrefabInstance), true))
        {
            if (pi.enabled && pi.gameObject.activeSelf)
                Rebuild (pi.prefab, baseMat * pi.transform.localToWorldMatrix);
        }        
    }
 
    // Editor-time-only update: Draw the meshes so we can see the objects in the scene view
    void Update () {
        if (EditorApplication.isPlaying)
            return;
        Matrix4x4 mat = transform.localToWorldMatrix;
        foreach (Thingy t in things)
            for (int i = 0; i < t.materials.Count; i++)
                Graphics.DrawMesh (t.mesh, mat * t.matrix, t.materials[i], gameObject.layer, null, i);
    }
 
    // Picking logic: Since we don\'t have gizmos.drawmesh, draw a bounding cube around each thingy
    void OnDrawGizmos () { DrawGizmos (new Color (0,0,0,0)); }
    void OnDrawGizmosSelected () { DrawGizmos (new Color (0,0,1,.2f)); }
    void DrawGizmos (Color col) {
        if (EditorApplication.isPlaying)
            return;
        Gizmos.color = col;
        Matrix4x4 mat = transform.localToWorldMatrix;
        foreach (Thingy t in things)
        {
            Gizmos.matrix = mat * t.matrix;
            Gizmos.DrawCube(t.mesh.bounds.center, t.mesh.bounds.size);
        }        
    }
 
    // Baking stuff: Copy in all the referenced objects into the scene on play or build
    [PostProcessScene(-2)]
    public static void OnPostprocessScene() { 
        foreach (PrefabInstance pi in UnityEngine.Object.FindObjectsOfType (typeof (PrefabInstance)))
            BakeInstance (pi);
    }
 
    public static void BakeInstance (PrefabInstance pi) {
        if(!pi.prefab || !pi.enabled)
            return;
        pi.enabled = false;
        GameObject go = PrefabUtility.InstantiatePrefab(pi.prefab) as GameObject;
        Quaternion rot = go.transform.localRotation;
        Vector3 scale = go.transform.localScale;
        go.transform.parent = pi.transform;
        go.transform.localPosition = Vector3.zero;
        go.transform.localScale = scale;
        go.transform.localRotation = rot;
        pi.prefab = null;
        foreach (PrefabInstance childPi in go.GetComponentsInChildren<PrefabInstance>())
            BakeInstance (childPi);
    }
 
#endif

  上述是两个 如果是多个关联呢?