Hive 6Hive DML(Data Manipulation Language)

Posted 2020-06-15

　　DML主要是对Hive 表中的数据进行操作的（增 删 改），但是由于Hadoop的特性，所以单条的修改、删除，其性能会非常的低所以不支持进行级操作； 

　　主要说明一下最常用的批量插入数据较为常用的方法：

　　1、从文件中加载数据

语法：LOAD DATA [LOCAL] INPATH ‘filepath‘ [OVERWRITE] INTO TABLE tablename [PARTITION (partcol1=val1, partcol2=val2 ...)]

　　例：

load data local inpath ‘/opt/data.txt‘ overwrite into table table1;
-- 如果文件存放在HDFS中，则不需要写Local 

　　

　　2、从其他表中插入数据

　　

语法：Standard syntax:
INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE tablename1 [PARTITION (partcol1=val1, partcol2=val2 ...) [IF NOT EXISTS]] select_statement1 FROM from_statement;
INSERT INTO TABLE tablename1 [PARTITION (partcol1=val1, partcol2=val2 ...)] select_statement1 FROM from_statement;
 
Hive extension (multiple inserts):
FROM from_statement
INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE tablename1 [PARTITION (partcol1=val1, partcol2=val2 ...) [IF NOT EXISTS]] select_statement1
[INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE tablename2 [PARTITION ... [IF NOT EXISTS]] select_statement2]
[INSERT INTO TABLE tablename2 [PARTITION ...] select_statement2] ...;
FROM from_statement
INSERT INTO TABLE tablename1 [PARTITION (partcol1=val1, partcol2=val2 ...)] select_statement1
[INSERT INTO TABLE tablename2 [PARTITION ...] select_statement2]
[INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE tablename2 [PARTITION ... [IF NOT EXISTS]] select_statement2] ...;
 
Hive extension (dynamic partition inserts):
INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE tablename PARTITION (partcol1[=val1], partcol2[=val2] ...) select_statement FROM from_statement;
INSERT INTO TABLE tablename PARTITION (partcol1[=val1], partcol2[=val2] ...) select_statement FROM from_statement;

　　例：

FROM page_view_stg pvs
INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE page_view PARTITION(dt=‘2008-06-08‘, country)
SELECT pvs.viewTime, pvs.userid, pvs.page_url, pvs.referrer_url, null, null, pvs.ip, pvs.cnt