OpenSSL命令系列
Posted 骏马金龙
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1.1 ssl命令系列前言
openssl命令的格式是"openssl command command-options args"，command部分有很多种命令，这些命令需要依赖于openssl命令才能执行，所以称为伪命令（pseudo-command），每个伪命令都有各自的功能，可以直接man command查看命令的用法和功能。想搞明白openssl命令，需要搞懂这些伪命令先。
1.2 openssl总指挥
以下是openssl命令的用法。常用命令加粗显示了，在文末附上了我对这些命令用法的整理链接。
[[email protected] tmp]# openssl -h openssl:Error: ‘-h‘ is an invalid command. /*支持的标准命令，即伪命令的一部分*/ Standard commands asn1parse ca ciphers cms crl crl2pkcs7 dgst dh dhparam dsa dsaparam ec ecparam enc engine errstr gendh gendsa genpkey genrsa nseq ocsp passwd pkcs12 pkcs7 pkcs8 pkey pkeyparam pkeyutl prime rand req rsa rsautl s_client s_server s_time sess_id smime speed spkac ts verify version x509 /*指定“dgst”命令时计算特征码支持的算法*/ Message Digest commands (see the ‘dgst‘ command for more details) md2 md4 md5 rmd160 sha sha1 /*指定对称加密“enc”时支持的对称加密算法*/ Cipher commands (see the ‘enc‘ command for more details) aes-128-cbc aes-128-ecb aes-192-cbc aes-192-ecb aes-256-cbc aes-256-ecb base64 bf bf-cbc bf-cfb bf-ecb bf-ofb camellia-128-cbc camellia-128-ecb camellia-192-cbc camellia-192-ecb camellia-256-cbc camellia-256-ecb cast cast-cbc cast5-cbc cast5-cfb cast5-ecb cast5-ofb des des-cbc des-cfb des-ecb des-ede des-ede-cbc des-ede-cfb des-ede-ofb des-ede3 des-ede3-cbc des-ede3-cfb des-ede3-ofb des-ofb des3 desx idea idea-cbc idea-cfb idea-ecb idea-ofb rc2 rc2-40-cbc rc2-64-cbc rc2-cbc rc2-cfb rc2-ecb rc2-ofb rc4 rc4-40 seed seed-cbc seed-cfb seed-ecb seed-ofb zlib
以下是man openssl的部分文档。
SYNOPSIS openssl command [ command_opts ] [ command_args ] openssl [ list-standard-commands | list-message-digest-commands | list- cipher-commands | list-cipher-algorithms | list-message-digest- algorithms | list-public-key-algorithms] openssl no-XXX [ arbitrary options ] /* 这几个伪命令：list-standard-commands、list-message-digest-commands和list-cipher-commands分别输出standard、message digest和cipher的所有命令名称列表。 如:[[email protected] ~]# openssl list-standard-commands将列出所有支持的standard命令。 */ /* 伪命令list-cipher-algorithms和list-message-digest-algothms列出所有密码和摘要信息支持的算法名称，即"dgst"命令和"enc"命令支持的算法。每行一个条目，别名被列出为from ==> to的形式 */ /* 伪命令list-public-key-algorithms列出所有支持的公钥算法，即非对称加密算法 */ /* 伪命令no-XXX用于测试命令是否可用，如果命令可用，则输出命令名称XXX，不输出no部分，如果命令不可用，则输出no-XXX */ /*伪命令*/ STANDARD COMMANDS asn1parse Parse an ASN.1 sequence. ca Certificate Authority (CA) Management. /* CA管理 */ ciphers Cipher Suite Description Determination. cms CMS (Cryptographic Message Syntax) utility crl Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Management. /* 证书吊销列表管理 */ crl2pkcs7 CRL to PKCS#7 Conversion. dgst Message Digest Calculation. /* 单向加密计算摘要信息（特征码） */ dh Diffie-Hellman Parameter Management. Obsoleted by dhparam. dhparam Generation and Management of Diffie-Hellman Parameters. Superseded by genpkey and pkeyparam dsa DSA Data Management. dsaparam DSA Parameter Generation and Management. Superseded by genpkey and pkeyparam ec EC (Elliptic curve) key processing ecparam EC parameter manipulation and generation enc Encoding with Ciphers. /* 指定对称加密算法，对称加密更多信息请查man enc */ engine Engine (loadble module) information and manipulation. errstr Error Number to Error String Conversion. gendh Generation of Diffie-Hellman Parameters. Obsoleted by dhparam. gendsa Generation of DSA Private Key from Parameters. Superseded by genpkey and pkey genpkey Generation of Private Key or Parameters. /* 生成各种类型的私钥或参数 */ genrsa Generation of RSA Private Key. Superceded by genpkey. /* 生成RSA私钥，被genpkey取代 */ nseq Create or examine a netscape certificate sequence ocsp Online Certificate Status Protocol utility. passwd Generation of hashed passwords. /* 生成哈希加密后的密码 */ pkcs12 PKCS#12 Data Management. pkcs7 PKCS#7 Data Management. pkey Public and private key management. /* 公钥和私钥管理工具 */ pkeyparam Public key algorithm parameter management. pkeyutl Public key algorithm cryptographic operation utility. /* 公钥算法加密操作工具 */ rand Generate pseudo-random bytes. /* 生成伪随机数 */ req PKCS#10 X.509 Certificate Signing Request (CSR) Management. /* x509格式的证书签名请求程序 */ rsa RSA key management. /* RSA密钥管理工具 */ rsautl RSA utility for signing, verification, encryption, and decryption. Superseded by pkeyutl s_client This implements a generic SSL/TLS client which can establish a transparent connection to a remote server speaking SSL/TLS. It’s intended for testing purposes only and provides only rudimentary interface functionality but internally uses mostly all functionality of the OpenSSL ssl library. s_server This implements a generic SSL/TLS server which accepts connections from remote clients speaking SSL/TLS. It’s intended for testing purposes only and provides only rudimentary interface functionality but internally uses mostly all functionality of the OpenSSL ssl library. It provides both an own command line oriented protocol for testing SSL functions and a simple HTTP response facility to emulate an SSL/TLS-aware webserver. s_time SSL Connection Timer. sess_id SSL Session Data Management. smime S/MIME mail processing. speed Algorithm Speed Measurement. /* 算法速度测量工具 */ spkac SPKAC printing and generating utility ts Time Stamping Authority tool (client/server) verify X.509 Certificate Verification. /* 验证x509证书 */ version OpenSSL Version Information. x509 X.509 Certificate Data Management. /* x509格式的证书数据管理工具 */ MESSAGE DIGEST COMMANDS /* 以下是“dgst”命令单向加密时支持的算法*/ md2 MD2 Digest md5 MD5 Digest mdc2 MDC2 Digest rmd160 RMD-160 Digest sha SHA Digest sha1 SHA-1 Digest sha224 SHA-224 Digest sha256 SHA-256 Digest sha384 SHA-384 Digest sha512 SHA-512 Digest ENCODING AND CIPHER COMMANDS /* 以下为"enc"命令对称加密时支持的算法 */ base64 Base64 Encoding bf bf-cbc bf-cfb bf-ecb bf-ofb Blowfish Cipher cast cast-cbc CAST Cipher cast5-cbc cast5-cfb cast5-ecb cast5-ofb CAST5 Cipher des des-cbc des-cfb des-ecb des-ede des-ede-cbc des-ede-cfb des-ede-ofb des-ofb DES Cipher des3 desx des-ede3 des-ede3-cbc des-ede3-cfb des-ede3-ofb Triple-DES Cipher idea idea-cbc idea-cfb idea-ecb idea-ofb IDEA Cipher rc2 rc2-cbc rc2-cfb rc2-ecb rc2-ofb RC2 Cipher rc4 RC4 Cipher rc5 rc5-cbc rc5-cfb rc5-ecb rc5-ofb RC5 Cipher PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS /* 密码参数的格式 */ pass:password the actual password is password. Since the password is visible to utilities (like ’ps’ under Unix) this form should only be used where security is not important. env:var obtain the password from the environment variable var. Since the environment of other processes is visible on certain platforms (e.g. ps under certain Unix OSes) this option should be used with caution. file:pathname the first line of pathname is the password. If the same pathname argument is supplied to -passin and -passout arguments then the first line will be used for the input password and the next line for the output password. pathname need not refer to a regular file: it could for example refer to a device or named pipe. fd:number read the password from the file descriptor number. This can be used to send the data via a pipe for example. stdin read the password from standard input.
看上去非常复杂？其实不复杂，只是伪命令多点而已，而且很多伪命令经常用到的选项也就1到两个。
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