Centos生产环境编译安装LNMP

Posted 2020-08-19

一、环境准备

1、操作系统安装：CentOS 6.564位最小化安装。

2、配置好IP、DNS、网关、主机名

3、配置防火墙，开启80、3306端口

vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables

-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -mstate --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT #允许80端口通过防火墙

-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -mstate --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT #允许3306端口通过防火墙

特别提示：如果这两条规则添加到防火墙配置的最后一行，导致防火墙启动失败，正确的应该是添加到默认的22端口 。

/etc/init.d/iptables restart #最后重启防火墙使配置生效4、关闭SELinux

vi /etc/selinux/configurations

#SELINUX=enforcing #注释掉#SELINUXTYPE=targeted #注释掉

SELINUX=disabled #增加

:wq! #保存退出

setenforce 0#使配置立即生效

二、系统约定

硬盘分区：50G(/boot 200M /swap8192M /)+100G(/opt)

软件源代码包存放位置：/opt/local/src

源码包编译安装位置：/opt/local/软件名

数据库数据文件存储路径/opt/local/mysql/var

三、软件包下载

1、下载nginx（目前稳定版）：http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.4.4.tar.gz

2、下载pcre （支持nginx伪静态）：ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.34.tar.gz

3、下载MySQL：http://cdn.mysql.com/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.35.tar.gz

4、下载php：http://cn2.php.net/distributions/php-5.5.7.tar.gz

5、下载cmake（MySQL编译工具）：http://www.cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.12.1.tar.gz

6、下载libmcrypt（PHPlibmcrypt模块）：http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/mcrypt/Libmcrypt/2.5.8/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz

7、下载GD库安装包（php页面图片验证码支持）：https://phpsqq.googlecode.com/files/gd-2.0.36RC1.tar.gz

将以上软件包上传到/opt/local/src目录

四、安装编译工具及库文件

使用CentOS yum命令一键安装

yum install -y make apr* autoconf automake curl curl-devel gcc gcc-c++ gtk+-devel zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre-devel gd kernel keyutils patch perl kernel-headers compat* cpp glibc libgomp libstdc++-devel keyutils-libs-devel libsepol-devel libselinux-devel krb5-devel libXpm* freetype freetype-devel freetype* fontconfig fontconfig-devel libjpeg* libpng* php-common php-gd gettext gettext-devel ncurses* libtool* libxml2 libxml2-devel patch policycoreutils bison

五、软件安装篇

1、安装cmake

cd /opt/local/src

tar zxvf cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz

cd cmake-2.8.8

./configure --prefix=/opt/local/cmake

make #编译

make install #安装

vim /etc/profile 在path路径中增加cmake执行文件路径

export PATH=$PATH:/opt/local/cmake/bin

source /etc/profile使配置立即生效

2、安装pcre

cd /opt/local/src

mkdir /usr/local/pcre #创建安装目录

tar zxvf pcre-8.34.tar.gz

cd pcre-8.34

./configure --prefix=/opt/local/pcre#配置

make && make install

3、安装libmcrypt

cd /opt/local/src

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz #解压

cd libmcrypt-2.5.8#进入目录

./configure #配置

make #编译

make install #安装

4、安装gd库

cd /opt/local/src

tar zxvf gd-2.0.36RC1.tar.gz

cd gd-2.0.36RC1

./configure --enable-m4_pattern_allow —prefix=/opt/local/gd --with-jpeg=/usr/lib --with-png=/usr/lib --with-xpm=/usr/lib --with-freetype=/usr/lib --with-fontconfig=/usr/lib#配置

make #编译

make install #安装5、安装Mysql

groupadd mysql #添加mysql组

useradd -g mysql mysql -s /bin/false #创建用户mysql并加入到mysql组，不允许mysql用户直接登录系统mkdir -p /opt/data/mysql/var #创建MySQL数据库存放目录chown -R mysql:mysql /opt/data/mysql/var #设置MySQL数据库目录权限

cd /opt/local/src

tar zxvf mysql-5.5.35.tar.gz #解压

cd mysql-5.5.35

cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/opt/data/mysql/var -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc#配置

make #编译

make install #安装

cd /opt/local/mysql

cp ./support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf #拷贝配置文件（注意：如果/etc目录下面默认有一个my.cnf，直接覆盖即可）

vi /etc/my.cnf #编辑配置文件,在 [mysqld] 部分增加

datadir = /opt/data/mysql/var#添加MySQL数据库路径

./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql #生成mysql系统数据库

cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld #把Mysql加入系统启动chmod755 /etc/init.d/mysqld #增加执行权限

chkconfig mysqld on #加入开机启动

vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld #编辑

basedir = /opt/local/mysql #MySQL程序安装路径

datadir = /opt/local/mysql/var #MySQl数据库存放目录

service mysqld start #启动

vi /etc/profile #把mysql服务加入系统环境变量：在最后添加下面这一行

export PATH=$PATH:/opt/local/cmake/bin:/opt/local/mysql/bin

source /etc/profile #使配置立即生效

mkdir /var/lib/mysql#创建目录

ln -s /tmp/mysql.sock /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock #添加软链接

mysql_secure_installation #设置Mysql密码，根据提示按Y 回车输入2次密码

/opt/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -p password "123456"#或者直接修改密码

到此，mysql安装完成！

6、安装 nginx

cd /opt/local/src

groupadd www #添加www组

useradd -g www www -s /bin/false #创建nginx运行账户www并加入到www组，不允许www用户直接登录系统

tar zxvf nginx-1.4.4.tar.gz

cd nginx-1.4.4

./configure --prefix=/opt/local/nginx --without-http_memcached_module --user=www --group=www --with-http_stub_status_module --with-openssl=/usr/ --with-pcre=/opt/local/src/pcre-8.31

注意:--with-pcre=/opt/local/src/pcre-8.34指向的是源码包解压的路径，而不是安装的路径，否则会报错

make

make install

/opt/local/nginx/sbin/nginx #启动nginx

设置nginx开启启动

vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx #编辑启动文件添加下面内容

=======================================================

#!/bin/bash# nginx Startup script for the Nginx HTTP Server# it is v.0.0.2 version.# chkconfig: - 85 15# description: Nginx is a high-performance web and proxy server.# It has a lot of features, but it‘s not for everyone.# processname: nginx# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid# config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

nginxd=/opt/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

nginx_config=/opt/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

nginx_pid=/opt/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid

RETVAL=0

prog="nginx"

# Source function library.

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

# Source networking configuration.

. /etc/sysconfig/network

# Check that networking is up.

[ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0

[ -x $nginxd ] || exit 0

# Start nginx daemons functions.

start() {

if [ -e $nginx_pid ];then

echo "nginx already running...."

exit 1

fi

echo -n $"Starting $prog: "

daemon $nginxd -c ${nginx_config}

RETVAL=$?

echo

[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/nginx

return $RETVAL

}

# Stop nginx daemons functions.

stop() {

echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "

killproc $nginxd

RETVAL=$?

echo

[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/nginx /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid

}

reload() {

echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "

#kill -HUP `cat ${nginx_pid}`

killproc $nginxd -HUP

RETVAL=$?

echo

}

# See how we were called.

case "$1" in

start)

start

;;

stop)

stop

;;

reload)

reload

;;

restart)

stop

start

;;

status)

status $prog

RETVAL=$?

;;

*)

echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|reload|status|help}"exit1

esac

exit$RETVAL

=======================================================

:wq! #保存退出chmod775 /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx #赋予文件执行权限

chkconfig nginx on #设置开机启动

/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx restart #重新启动Nginx

service nginx restart

=======================================================

7、安装php

cd /opt/local/src

tar -zvxf php-5.5.7.tar.gz

cd php-5.5.7.

./configure --prefix=/opt/local/php5 --with-config-file-path=/opt/local/php5/etc --with-mysql=/opt/local/mysql --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-gd --with-iconv --with-zlib --enable-xml --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --enable-mbregex --enable-fpm --enable-mbstring --enable-ftp --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap --without-pear --with-gettext --enable-session --with-mcrypt --with-curl --with-jpeg-dir --with-freetype-dir

make #编译

make install #安装

cp php.ini-production /opt/local/php5/etc/php.ini #复制php配置文件到安装目录

rm -rf /etc/php.ini #删除系统自带配置文件

ln -s /opt/local/php5/etc/php.ini /etc/php.ini #添加软链接

cp /opt/local/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /opt/local/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf #拷贝模板文件为php-fpm配置文件

vi /opt/local/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf #编辑

user = www #设置php-fpm运行账号为www

group = www #设置php-fpm运行组为www

pid = run/php-fpm.pid #取消前面的分号

设置 php-fpm开机启动

cp /opt/local/src/php-5.5.7/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm #拷贝php-fpm到启动目录chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm #添加执行权限

chkconfig php-fpm on #设置开机启动

vi /opt/local/php5/etc/php.ini #编辑配置文件

找到：disable_functions =

修改为：disable_functions = passthru,exec,system,chroot,scandir,chgrp,chown,shell_exec,proc_open,proc_get_status,ini_alter,ini_alter,ini_restore,dl,openlog,syslog,readlink,symlink,popepassthru,stream_socket_server,escapeshellcmd,dll,popen,disk_free_space,checkdnsrr,checkdnsrr,getservbyname,getservbyport,disk_total_space,posix_ctermid,posix_get_last_error,posix_getcwd, posix_getegid,posix_geteuid,posix_getgid, posix_getgrgid,posix_getgrnam,posix_getgroups,posix_getlogin,posix_getpgid,posix_getpgrp,posix_getpid, posix_getppid,posix_getpwnam,posix_getpwuid, posix_getrlimit, posix_getsid,posix_getuid,posix_isatty, posix_kill,posix_mkfifo,posix_setegid,posix_seteuid,posix_setgid, posix_setpgid,posix_setsid,posix_setuid,posix_strerror,posix_times,posix_ttyname,posix_uname

#列出PHP可以禁用的函数，如果某些程序需要用到这个函数，可以删除，取消禁用

找到：;date.timezone =

修改为：date.timezone = PRC #设置时区

找到：expose_php = On

修改为：expose_php = OFF #禁止显示php版本的信息

找到：short_open_tag = Off

修改为：short_open_tag = ON #支持php短标签

八、配置nginx支持php

vi /opt/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

修改/opt/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 配置文件,需做如下修改

user www www; #首行user去掉注释,修改Nginx运行组为www www；必须与/opt/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf中的user,group配置相同，否则php运行出错

user www www;

worker_processes 1;

events {

worker_connections 1024;

}

http {

include mime.types;

default_type application/octet-stream;

sendfile on;

keepalive_timeout 65;

server {

listen80;

server_name localhost;

location / {

root html;

indexindex.php index.html index.htm;

}

location ~ \.php$ {

root html;

fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_index index.php;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

include fastcgi_params;

}

}

}

/etc/init.d/nginx restart #重启nginx

六、测试篇

cd /opt/local/nginx/html/ #进入nginx默认网站根目录

rm -rf /opt/local/nginx/html/* #删除默认测试页

vi index.php #新建index.php文件

phpinfo();

?>

:wq! #保存退出chown www.www /opt/local/nginx/html/ -R #设置目录所有者chmod700 /opt/local/nginx/html/ -R #设置目录权限

七、其它说明

服务器相关操作命令

service nginx restart #重启nginx

service mysqld restart #重启mysql

/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm #启动php-fpm

/etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm restart #重启php-fpm

/etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm stop #停止php-fpm

/etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm start #启动php-fpm

nginx默认站点目录是：/opt/local/nginx/html/

权限设置：chown www.www /opt/local/nginx/html/ -R

MySQL数据库目录是：/opt/local/mysql/var

权限设置：chown mysql.mysql -R /opt/local/mysql/var

八、安全优化

[email protected]~$ssh [email protected]

[email protected]‘s password:

Last login: Sat Jan 18 12:11:57 2014 from 172.16.134.1

-bash: warning: setlocale: LC_CTYPE: cannot change locale (UTF-8): No such file or directory

[[email protected] ~]# locale

locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory

locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory

LANG=en_US.UTF-8

LC_CTYPE=UTF-8

LC_NUMERIC="en_US.UTF-8"

LC_TIME="en_US.UTF-8"

LC_COLLATE="en_US.UTF-8"

LC_MONETARY="en_US.UTF-8"

LC_MESSAGES="en_US.UTF-8"

LC_PAPER="en_US.UTF-8"

LC_NAME="en_US.UTF-8"

LC_ADDRESS="en_US.UTF-8"

LC_TELEPHONE="en_US.UTF-8"

LC_MEASUREMENT="en_US.UTF-8"

LC_IDENTIFICATION="en_US.UTF-8"

LC_ALL=

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