Android EventBus源码解析, 带你深入理解EventBus
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上一篇带大家初步了解了EventBus的使用方式,详见:Android EventBus实战 没听过你就out了,本篇博客将解析EventBus的源码,相信能够让大家深入理解该框架的实现,也能解决很多在使用中的疑问:为什么可以这么做?为什么这么做不好呢?
1、概述
一般使用EventBus的组件类,类似下面这种方式:
- public class SampleComponent extends Fragment
- {
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
- {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- EventBus.getDefault().register(this);
- }
- public void onEventMainThread(param)
- {
- }
- public void onEventPostThread(param)
- {
- }
- public void onEventBackgroundThread(param)
- {
- }
- public void onEventAsync(param)
- {
- }
- @Override
- public void onDestroy()
- {
- super.onDestroy();
- EventBus.getDefault().unregister(this);
- }
- }
大多情况下,都会在onCreate中进行register,在onDestory中进行unregister ;
看完代码大家或许会有一些疑问:
1、代码中还有一些以onEvent开头的方法,这些方法是干嘛的呢?
在回答这个问题之前,我有一个问题,你咋不问register(this)是干嘛的呢?其实register(this)就是去当前类,遍历所有的方法,找到onEvent开头的然后进行存储。现在知道onEvent开头的方法是干嘛的了吧。
2、那onEvent后面的那些MainThread应该是什么标志吧?
嗯,是的,onEvent后面可以写四种,也就是上面出现的四个方法,决定了当前的方法最终在什么线程运行,怎么运行,可以参考上一篇博客或者细细往下看。
既然register了,那么肯定得说怎么调用是吧。
- EventBus.getDefault().post(param);
调用很简单,一句话,你也可以叫发布,只要把这个param发布出去,EventBus会在它内部存储的方法中,进行扫描,找到参数匹配的,就使用反射进行调用。
现在有没有觉得,撇开专业术语:其实EventBus就是在内部存储了一堆onEvent开头的方法,然后post的时候,根据post传入的参数,去找到匹配的方法,反射调用之。
那么,我告诉你,它内部使用了Map进行存储,键就是参数的Class类型。知道是这个类型,那么你觉得根据post传入的参数进行查找还是个事么?
下面我们就去看看EventBus的register和post真面目。
2、register
EventBus.getDefault().register(this);
首先:
EventBus.getDefault()其实就是个单例,和我们传统的getInstance一个意思:
- /** Convenience singleton for apps using a process-wide EventBus instance. */
- public static EventBus getDefault() {
- if (defaultInstance == null) {
- synchronized (EventBus.class) {
- if (defaultInstance == null) {
- defaultInstance = new EventBus();
- }
- }
- }
- return defaultInstance;
- }
使用了双重判断的方式,防止并发的问题,还能极大的提高效率。
然后register应该是一个普通的方法,我们去看看:
register公布给我们使用的有4个:
- public void register(Object subscriber) {
- register(subscriber, DEFAULT_METHOD_NAME, false, 0);
- }
- public void register(Object subscriber, int priority) {
- register(subscriber, DEFAULT_METHOD_NAME, false, priority);
- }
- public void registerSticky(Object subscriber) {
- register(subscriber, DEFAULT_METHOD_NAME, true, 0);
- }
- public void registerSticky(Object subscriber, int priority) {
- register(subscriber, DEFAULT_METHOD_NAME, true, priority);
- }
本质上就调用了同一个:
- private synchronized void register(Object subscriber, String methodName, boolean sticky, int priority) {
- List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = subscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods(subscriber.getClass(),
- methodName);
- for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods) {
- subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod, sticky, priority);
- }
- }
四个参数
subscriber 是我们扫描类的对象,也就是我们代码中常见的this;
methodName 这个是写死的:“onEvent”,用于确定扫描什么开头的方法,可见我们的类中都是以这个开头。
sticky 这个参数,解释源码的时候解释,暂时不用管
priority 优先级,优先级越高,在调用的时候会越先调用。
下面开始看代码:
- List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = subscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods(subscriber.getClass(),
- methodName);
调用内部类SubscriberMethodFinder的findSubscriberMethods方法,传入了subscriber 的class,以及methodName,返回一个List<SubscriberMethod>。
那么不用说,肯定是去遍历该类内部所有方法,然后根据methodName去匹配,匹配成功的封装成SubscriberMethod,最后返回一个List。下面看代码:
- List<SubscriberMethod> findSubscriberMethods(Class<?> subscriberClass, String eventMethodName) {
- String key = subscriberClass.getName() + ‘.‘ + eventMethodName;
- List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods;
- synchronized (methodCache) {
- subscriberMethods = methodCache.get(key);
- }
- if (subscriberMethods != null) {
- return subscriberMethods;
- }
- subscriberMethods = new ArrayList<SubscriberMethod>();
- Class<?> clazz = subscriberClass;
- HashSet<String> eventTypesFound = new HashSet<String>();
- StringBuilder methodKeyBuilder = new StringBuilder();
- while (clazz != null) {
- String name = clazz.getName();
- if (name.startsWith("java.") || name.startsWith("javax.") || name.startsWith("android.")) {
- // Skip system classes, this just degrades performance
- break;
- }
- // Starting with EventBus 2.2 we enforced methods to be public (might change with annotations again)
- Method[] methods = clazz.getMethods();
- for (Method method : methods) {
- String methodName = method.getName();
- if (methodName.startsWith(eventMethodName)) {
- int modifiers = method.getModifiers();
- if ((modifiers & Modifier.PUBLIC) != 0 && (modifiers & MODIFIERS_IGNORE) == 0) {
- Class<?>[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
- if (parameterTypes.length == 1) {
- String modifierString = methodName.substring(eventMethodName.length());
- ThreadMode threadMode;
- if (modifierString.length() == 0) {
- threadMode = ThreadMode.PostThread;
- } else if (modifierString.equals("MainThread")) {
- threadMode = ThreadMode.MainThread;
- } else if (modifierString.equals("BackgroundThread")) {
- threadMode = ThreadMode.BackgroundThread;
- } else if (modifierString.equals("Async")) {
- threadMode = ThreadMode.Async;
- } else {
- if (skipMethodVerificationForClasses.containsKey(clazz)) {
- continue;
- } else {
- throw new EventBusException("Illegal onEvent method, check for typos: " + method);
- }
- }
- Class<?> eventType = parameterTypes[0];
- methodKeyBuilder.setLength(0);
- methodKeyBuilder.append(methodName);
- methodKeyBuilder.append(‘>‘).append(eventType.getName());
- String methodKey = methodKeyBuilder.toString();
- if (eventTypesFound.add(methodKey)) {
- // Only add if not already found in a sub class
- subscriberMethods.add(new SubscriberMethod(method, threadMode, eventType));
- }
- }
- } else if (!skipMethodVerificationForClasses.containsKey(clazz)) {
- Log.d(EventBus.TAG, "Skipping method (not public, static or abstract): " + clazz + "."
- + methodName);
- }
- }
- }
- clazz = clazz.getSuperclass();
- }
- if (subscriberMethods.isEmpty()) {
- throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriberClass + " has no public methods called "
- + eventMethodName);
- } else {
- synchronized (methodCache) {
- methodCache.put(key, subscriberMethods);
- }
- return subscriberMethods;
- }
- }
呵,代码还真长;不过我们直接看核心部分:
22行:看到没,clazz.getMethods();去得到所有的方法:
23-62行:就开始遍历每一个方法了,去匹配封装了。
25-29行:分别判断了是否以onEvent开头,是否是public且非static和abstract方法,是否是一个参数。如果都复合,才进入封装的部分。
32-45行:也比较简单,根据方法的后缀,来确定threadMode,threadMode是个枚举类型:就四种情况。
最后在54行:将method, threadMode, eventType传入构造了:new SubscriberMethod(method, threadMode, eventType)。添加到List,最终放回。
注意下63行:clazz = clazz.getSuperclass();可以看到,会扫描所有的父类,不仅仅是当前类。
继续回到register:
- for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods) {
- subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod, sticky, priority);
- }
for循环扫描到的方法,然后去调用suscribe方法。
- // Must be called in synchronized block
- private void subscribe(Object subscriber, SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod, boolean sticky, int priority) {
- subscribed = true;
- Class<?> eventType = subscriberMethod.eventType;
- CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventType);
- Subscription newSubscription = new Subscription(subscriber, subscriberMethod, priority);
- if (subscriptions == null) {
- subscriptions = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription>();
- subscriptionsByEventType.put(eventType, subscriptions);
- } else {
- for (Subscription subscription : subscriptions) {
- if (subscription.equals(newSubscription)) {
- throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriber.getClass() + " already registered to event "
- + eventType);
- }
- }
- }
- // Starting with EventBus 2.2 we enforced methods to be public (might change with annotations again)
- // subscriberMethod.method.setAccessible(true);
- int size = subscriptions.size();
- for (int i = 0; i <= size; i++) {
- if (i == size || newSubscription.priority > subscriptions.get(i).priority) {
- subscriptions.add(i, newSubscription);
- break;
- }
- }
- List<Class<?>> subscribedEvents = typesBySubscriber.get(subscriber);
- if (subscribedEvents == null) {
- subscribedEvents = new ArrayList<Class<?>>();
- typesBySubscriber.put(subscriber, subscribedEvents);
- }
- subscribedEvents.add(eventType);
- if (sticky) {
- Object stickyEvent;
- synchronized (stickyEvents) {
- stickyEvent = stickyEvents.get(eventType);
- }
- if (stickyEvent != null) {
- // If the subscriber is trying to abort the event, it will fail (event is not tracked in posting state)
- // --> Strange corner case, which we don‘t take care of here.
- postToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent, Looper.getMainLooper() == Looper.myLooper());
- }
- }
- }
我们的subscriberMethod中保存了method, threadMode, eventType,上面已经说了;
4-17行:根据subscriberMethod.eventType,去subscriptionsByEventType去查找一个CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> ,如果没有则创建。
顺便把我们的传入的参数封装成了一个:Subscription(subscriber, subscriberMethod, priority);
这里的subscriptionsByEventType是个Map,key:eventType ; value:CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> ; 这个Map其实就是EventBus存储方法的地方,一定要记住!
22-28行:实际上,就是添加newSubscription;并且是按照优先级添加的。可以看到,优先级越高,会插到在当前List的前面。
30-35行:根据subscriber存储它所有的eventType ; 依然是map;key:subscriber ,value:List<eventType> ;知道就行,非核心代码,主要用于isRegister的判断。
37-47行:判断sticky;如果为true,从stickyEvents中根据eventType去查找有没有stickyEvent,如果有则立即发布去执行。stickyEvent其实就是我们post时的参数。
postToSubscription这个方法,我们在post的时候会介绍。
到此,我们register就介绍完了。
你只要记得一件事:扫描了所有的方法,把匹配的方法最终保存在subscriptionsByEventType(Map,key:eventType ; value:CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> )中;
eventType是我们方法参数的Class,Subscription中则保存着subscriber, subscriberMethod(method, threadMode, eventType), priority;包含了执行改方法所需的一切。
3、post
register完毕,知道了EventBus如何存储我们的方法了,下面看看post它又是如何调用我们的方法的。
再看源码之前,我们猜测下:register时,把方法存在subscriptionsByEventType;那么post肯定会去subscriptionsByEventType去取方法,然后调用。
下面看源码:
- /** Posts the given event to the event bus. */
- public void post(Object event) {
- PostingThreadState postingState = currentPostingThreadState.get();
- List<Object> eventQueue = postingState.eventQueue;
- eventQueue.add(event);
- if (postingState.isPosting) {
- return;
- } else {
- postingState.isMainThread = Looper.getMainLooper() == Looper.myLooper();
- postingState.isPosting = true;
- if (postingState.canceled) {
- throw new EventBusException("Internal error. Abort state was not reset");
- }
- try {
- while (!eventQueue.isEmpty()) {
- postSingleEvent(eventQueue.remove(0), postingState);
- }
- } finally {
- postingState.isPosting = false;
- postingState.isMainThread = false;
- }
- }
- }
currentPostingThreadState是一个ThreadLocal类型的,里面存储了PostingThreadState;PostingThreadState包含了一个eventQueue和一些标志位。
- private final ThreadLocal<PostingThreadState> currentPostingThreadState = new ThreadLocal<PostingThreadState>() {
- @Override
- protected PostingThreadState initialValue() {
- return new PostingThreadState();
- }
- }
把我们传入的event,保存到了当前线程中的一个变量PostingThreadState的eventQueue中。
10行:判断当前是否是UI线程。
16-18行:遍历队列中的所有的event,调用postSingleEvent(eventQueue.remove(0), postingState)方法。
这里大家会不会有疑问,每次post都会去调用整个队列么,那么不会造成方法多次调用么?
可以看到第7-8行,有个判断,就是防止该问题的,isPosting=true了,就不会往下走了。
下面看postSingleEvent
- private void postSingleEvent(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState) throws Error {
- Class<? extends Object> eventClass = event.getClass();
- List<Class<?>> eventTypes = findEventTypes(eventClass);
- boolean subscriptionFound = false;
- int countTypes = eventTypes.size();
- for (int h = 0; h < countTypes; h++) {
- Class<?> clazz = eventTypes.get(h);
- CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions;
- synchronized (this) {
- subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(clazz);
- }
- if (subscriptions != null && !subscriptions.isEmpty()) {
- for (Subscription subscription : subscriptions) {
- postingState.event = event;
- postingState.subscription = subscription;
- boolean aborted = false;
- try {
- postToSubscription(subscription, event, postingState.isMainThread);
- aborted = postingState.canceled;
- } finally {
- postingState.event = null;
- postingState.subscription = null;
- postingState.canceled = false;
- }
- if (aborted) {
- break;
- }
- }
- subscriptionFound = true;
- }
- }
- if (!subscriptionFound) {
- Log.d(TAG, "No subscribers registered for event " + eventClass);
- if (eventClass != NoSubscriberEvent.class && eventClass != SubscriberExceptionEvent.class) {
- post(new NoSubscriberEvent(this, event));
- }
- }
- }
将我们的event,即post传入的实参;以及postingState传入到postSingleEvent中。
2-3行:根据event的Class,去得到一个List<Class<?>>;其实就是得到event当前对象的Class,以及父类和接口的Class类型;主要用于匹配,比如你传入Dog extends Dog,他会把Animal也装到该List中。
6-31行:遍历所有的Class,到sub
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