backup4:数据库自动备份,自动删除备份文件
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数据文件的备份,可以通过Job,设置Schedule自动管理,而手工编写TSQL脚本,实现起来十分灵活,并且能够分布式备份。在数据量不大时,你使用backup database,能够把数据库备份到指定的硬盘中,但是,当数据库增长到很大的size时,数据库的备份文件,即使压缩,也会达到很大,甚至超过单个磁盘的存储空间,这样,就必需考虑分布式备份,把数据库的备份分为N份,每一份都存储在不同的硬盘上。
一:手写TSQL 脚本
1,自动备份
每周进行一次Database 的 Full Backup,设置 Schedule Interval 为Weekly
use master go declare @FileName nvarchar(256) set @FileName = N\'D:\\SQLBackupFolder\\TestDB_FullBackup_\'+CONVERT(nvarchar(max),getdate(),112)+N\'.bak\' BACKUP DATABASE [TESTDB] TO DISK = @FileName WITH Compression ,INIT ,SKIP ,Format GO
每天进行一次Database的 Differential Backup,设置Schedule Interval 为Daily
use master go declare @FileName nvarchar(256) set @FileName = N\'D:\\SQLBackupFolder\\TestDB_DiffBackup_\'+CONVERT(nvarchar(max),getdate(),112)+N\'.bak\' BACKUP DATABASE [TESTDB] TO DISK = @FileName WITH Differential ,Compression ,INIT ,SKIP ,Format GO
2,自动删除备份文件
数据库的备份保留4周,28天,将早于28天前的数据库备份删除,每周执行一次,设置Schedule Interval为Weekly
DECLARE @ExpireDate DATETIME SET @ExpireDate=dateadd(day,-28,GETDATE()); DECLARE @SearchFolder nvarchar(100) SET @SearchFolder=N\'D:\\SQLBackupFolder\\\'; EXECUTE master.dbo.xp_delete_file 0,@SearchFolder,N\'bak\',@ExpireDate,1;
xp_delete_file 能够删除标准的bak文件,(RESTORE HEADERONLY可以返回数据的),不能删除普通文件。
存储过程 xp_delete_file 有5个参数,按照顺序,参数代表的含义是:
- File Type = 0 for backup files or 1 for report files.
- Folder Path = The folder to delete files. The path must end with a backslash "\\".
- File Extension = This could be \'BAK\' or \'TRN\' or whatever you normally use.
- Date = The cutoff date for what files need to be deleted.
- Subfolder = 0 to ignore subfolders, 1 to delete files in subfolders.
3,进行备份文件分布式存储的脚本
--bull backup declare @BackupFileName nvarchar(1024) set @BackupFileName=N\'DB_Name_FullBackupAt_\'+FORMAT(getdate(),N\'yyyy_MM_dd_HH_mm_ss\') declare @Disk1 nvarchar(1024) declare @Disk2 nvarchar(1024) declare @Disk3 nvarchar(1024) select @Disk1=N\'\\\\host1\\SQLServerBackupFolder\\\' +@BackupFileName+N\'1_.bak\' select @Disk2=N\'\\\\host2\\SQLServerBackupFolder\\\' +@BackupFileName+N\'2_.bak\' select @Disk3=N\'\\\\host3\\SQLServerBackupFolder\\\' +@BackupFileName+N\'3_.bak\' backup database [db_name] TO disk=@Disk1, disk=@Disk2, disk=@Disk3 with compression, format, init, skip, stats=5; go --differential backup declare @BackupFileName nvarchar(1024) set @BackupFileName=N\'DB_Name_DiffBackupAt_\'+FORMAT(getdate(),N\'yyyy_MM_dd_HH_mm_ss\') declare @Disk1 nvarchar(1024) declare @Disk2 nvarchar(1024) declare @Disk3 nvarchar(1024) select @Disk1=N\'\\\\host1\\SQLServerBackupFolder\\\' +@BackupFileName +N\'1_.bak\' select @Disk2=N\'\\\\host2\\SQLServerBackupFolder\\\' +@BackupFileName +N\'2_.bak\' select @Disk3=N\'\\\\host3\\SQLServerBackupFolder\\\' +@BackupFileName +N\'3_.bak\' backup database [db_name] TO disk=@Disk1, disk=@Disk2, disk=@Disk3 with differential, compression, format, init, skip, stats=5; --cleanup backup files declare @ExpireDate DATETIME set @ExpireDate=dateadd(day,-22,getdate()); declare @Folder1 nvarchar(1024) declare @Folder2 nvarchar(1024) declare @Folder3 nvarchar(1024) select @Folder1=N\'\\\\host1\\SQLServerBackupFolder\\\'; select @Folder2=N\'\\\\host2\\SQLServerBackupFolder\\\'; select @Folder3=N\'\\\\host3\\SQLServerBackupFolder\\\'; execute master.dbo.xp_delete_file 0,@Folder1,N\'bak\',@ExpireDate,1; execute master.dbo.xp_delete_file 0,@Folder2,N\'bak\',@ExpireDate,1; execute master.dbo.xp_delete_file 0,@Folder3,N\'bak\',@ExpireDate,1; go
二,使用维护计划(Maintenance Plan)
1,使用Backup Database Task 对数据库进行Full Backup 和 Differential Backup
- Backup Type:选择Full 进行完整备份,选择Differential进行差异备份。
- Database(s):选择进行备份的数据库
- Backup Component:选择Database,对数据库进行备份
- 勾选“Create a sub-directory for each database”,在Folder中设置backup devices存储的Floder,在Backup file extension中指定backup file的扩展名
- 在 Set Backup Compression中选择Compress Backup,对backup进行压缩。
2,使用Maintenance Cleanup Task,将备份文件删除
在Delete files of the following type 中选择Backup files
在Search folder and delete files based on an extension 设置Folder(Backup files存储的folder),File Extension(backup files的扩展名),勾选 “Include first-level subfolders",
File Age:设置被删除的backup files的创建时间
例如,该Task 会将位于 D:\\TestBackupFolder\\TestDB 下,创建时间早于4周前的 xxxxx.bak 删除。
三,使用SSIS Task来实现,Maintenance Plan 实际上也是通过SSIS Task 来实现的
在Other Tasks Catalog下,存在Backup Database Task 和 Maintenance Cleanup Task,设置和Maintenace Plan相同。
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