FFMPEG解码学习笔记
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FFMPEG的基本处理流程
音频视频同步资料
获取当前帧的持续时间
av_frame_get_pkt_pos(frame)
从最后一个AVPacket进入解码重新排序的偏移量
av_frame_get_best_effort_timestamp(frame)
已流中的时间为基础预估的时间戳
/**
* When decoding, this signals how much the picture must be delayed.
* extra_delay = repeat_pict / (2*fps)
*/
int repeat_pict;
当解码时,这个信号告诉你这张图片需要要延迟多少久。
需要求出扩展延时:
extra_delay = repeat_pict / (2*fps)
/**
* This is the fundamental unit of time (in seconds) in terms
* of which frame timestamps are represented. For fixed-fps content,
* timebase should be 1/framerate and timestamp increments should be
* identically 1.
* This often, but not always is the inverse of the frame rate or field rate
* for video. 1/time_base is not the average frame rate if the frame rate is not
* constant.
*
* Like containers, elementary streams also can store timestamps, 1/time_base
* is the unit in which these timestamps are specified.
* As example of such codec time base see ISO/IEC 14496-2:2001(E)
* vop_time_increment_resolution and fixed_vop_rate
* (fixed_vop_rate == 0 implies that it is different from the framerate)
*
* - encoding: MUST be set by user.
* - decoding: the use of this field for decoding is deprecated.
* Use framerate instead.
*/
AVRational time_base;
当前帧需要耗时多少秒,每一帧显示的时间
由以上两个定义可以推导:
extra_delay = repeat_pict / (2*fps)
fps=1/time_base
那么
extra_delay= repeat_pict*time_base*0.5
AVCodecContent
/**
* Allocate an AVCodecContext and set its fields to default values. The
* resulting struct should be freed with avcodec_free_context().
*
* @param codec if non-NULL, allocate private data and initialize defaults
* for the given codec. It is illegal to then call avcodec_open2()
* with a different codec.
* If NULL, then the codec-specific defaults won\'t be initialized,
* which may result in suboptimal default settings (this is
* important mainly for encoders, e.g. libx264).
*
* @return An AVCodecContext filled with default values or NULL on failure.
*/
AVCodecContext *avcodec_alloc_context3(const AVCodec *codec);
分配一个AVCodecContent并为其分配默认值。(可理解为一个AVCodecContent分配内存空间)
释放它的资源使用avcodec_free_context()。
int avcodec_open2(AVCodecContext *avctx, const AVCodec *codec, AVDictionary **options);
/**
* Initialize the AVCodecContext to use the given AVCodec. Prior to using this
* function the context has to be allocated with avcodec_alloc_context3().
*
* The functions avcodec_find_decoder_by_name(), avcodec_find_encoder_by_name(),
* avcodec_find_decoder() and avcodec_find_encoder() provide an easy way for
* retrieving a codec.
*
* @warning This function is not thread safe!
*
* @note Always call this function before using decoding routines (such as
* @ref avcodec_receive_frame()).
*
* @code
* avcodec_register_all();
* av_dict_set(&opts, "b", "2.5M", 0);
* codec = avcodec_find_decoder(AV_CODEC_ID_H264);
* if (!codec)
* exit(1);
*
* context = avcodec_alloc_context3(codec);
*
* if (avcodec_open2(context, codec, opts) < 0)
* exit(1);
* @endcode
*
* @param avctx The context to initialize.
* @param codec The codec to open this context for. If a non-NULL codec has been
* previously passed to avcodec_alloc_context3() or
* for this context, then this parameter MUST be either NULL or
* equal to the previously passed codec.
* @param options A dictionary filled with AVCodecContext and codec-private options.
* On return this object will be filled with options that were not found.
*
* @return zero on success, a negative value on error
* @see avcodec_alloc_context3(), avcodec_find_decoder(), avcodec_find_encoder(),
* av_dict_set(), av_opt_find().
*/
int avcodec_open2(AVCodecContext *avctx, const AVCodec *codec, AVDictionary **options);
使用AVCodec初始化AVCodecContext。在初始化之前需要为其分配内存。
/**
* Copy the settings of the source AVCodecContext into the destination
* AVCodecContext. The resulting destination codec context will be
* unopened, i.e. you are required to call avcodec_open2() before you
* can use this AVCodecContext to decode/encode video/audio data.
*
* @param dest target codec context, should be initialized with
* avcodec_alloc_context3(NULL), but otherwise uninitialized
* @param src source codec context
* @return AVERROR() on error (e.g. memory allocation error), 0 on success
*
* @deprecated The semantics of this function are ill-defined and it should not
* be used. If you need to transfer the stream parameters from one codec context
* to another, use an intermediate AVCodecParameters instance and the
* avcodec_parameters_from_context() / avcodec_parameters_to_context()
* functions.
*/
attribute_deprecated
int avcodec_copy_context(AVCodecContext *dest, const AVCodecContext *src);
该函数已不建议使用。它可以将原AVCodecContext的设置拷贝到目标AVCodecContent。
如果在使用这个数据之前调用avcodec_open2(),会导致无法打开。
建议使用avcodec_parameters_from_context() / avcodec_parameters_to_context()传递参数。
/**
* Fill the parameters struct based on the values from the supplied codec
* context. Any allocated fields in par are freed and replaced with duplicates
* of the corresponding fields in codec.
*
* @return >= 0 on success, a negative AVERROR code on failure
*/
int avcodec_parameters_from_context(AVCodecParameters *par,
const AVCodecContext *codec);
从一个AVCodecContent中拷贝出AVCodecParameters
/**
* Fill the codec context based on the values from the supplied codec
* parameters. Any allocated fields in codec that have a corresponding field in
* par are freed and replaced with duplicates of the corresponding field in par.
* Fields in codec that do not have a counterpart in par are not touched.
*
* @return >= 0 on success, a negative AVERROR code on failure.
*/
int avcodec_parameters_to_context(AVCodecContext *codec,
const AVCodecParameters *par);
向一个AVCodecContent拷贝一个AVCodecParameters
/**
* Return the next frame of a stream.
* This function returns what is stored in the file, and does not validate
* that what is there are valid frames for the decoder. It will split what is
* stored in the file into frames and return one for each call. It will not
* omit invalid data between valid frames so as to give the decoder the maximum
* information possible for decoding.
*
* If pkt->buf is NULL, then the packet is valid until the next
* av_read_frame() or until avformat_close_input(). Otherwise the packet
* is valid indefinitely. In both cases the packet must be freed with
* av_packet_unref when it is no longer needed. For video, the packet contains
* exactly one frame. For audio, it contains an integer number of frames if each
* frame has a known fixed size (e.g. PCM or ADPCM data). If the audio frames
* have a variable size (e.g. MPEG audio), then it contains one frame.
*
* pkt->pts, pkt->dts and pkt->duration are always set to correct
* values in AVStream.time_base units (and guessed if the format cannot
* provide them). pkt->pts can be AV_NOPTS_VALUE if the video format
* has B-frames, so it is better to rely on pkt->dts if you do not
* decompress the payload.
*
* @return 0 if OK, < 0 on error or end of file
*/
int av_read_frame(AVFormatContext *s, AVPacket *pkt);
返回下一帧的流
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