解决Win8.1 / Win Server 2012 r2 下安装 Visual Studio 时一直要求重新启动的问题（原创）
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今天在x64的英文版Windows Server 2012 r2上安装最新版的 Visual Studio 2015 Exterprise 时，提示需要重新启动：
于是我restart了N次，可还是不行，在网上进行搜索，发现能在日志文件中找到原因，日志文件在C:\\Users\\%username%\\AppData\\Local\\Temp中，或者直接在安装界面点“日志文件”进入。
参考日志文件的Condition（环境检查）部分：
[0A60:1530][2015-07-10T18:48:07]i000: MUX: Failed to download the update xml file from http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=500683 Setup will not be updated. [0A60:1530][2015-07-10T18:48:07]i052: Condition \'(VersionNT = v6.3) AND (WindowsBuildNumber < 9600)\' evaluates to false. [0A60:1530][2015-07-10T18:48:07]i052: Condition \'CompatibilityMode = 0\' evaluates to false. [0A60:1530][2015-07-10T18:48:07]i052: Condition \'NOT((VersionNT > v6.1) OR (VersionNT = v6.1 AND ServicePackLevel >= 1))\' evaluates to false. [0A60:1530][2015-07-10T18:48:07]i052: Condition \'(NOT IsLanguagePack) AND ( CurrentOperation = "Install" ) AND ( FLP_Version > v14.0.22823 )\' evaluates to false. [0A60:1530][2015-07-10T18:48:07]i052: Condition \'RebootPending = 1\' evaluates to true. [0A60:1530][2015-07-10T18:48:07]i052: Condition \'NOT (IEsvcVersionExists) OR (IEsvcVersion < v10.0)\' evaluates to false. [0A60:1530][2015-07-10T18:48:07]i052: Condition \'(VersionNT < v6.2) AND ((NetworkAvailable = 0) OR (DisableRootAutoUpdate = 1)) AND NOT ((MicrosoftRootCertificateAuthority2011RootExists OR MicrosoftRootCertificateAuthority2011AuthRootExists) AND (MicrosoftRootCertificateAuthority2010RootExists OR MicrosoftRootCertificateAuthority2010AuthRootExists))\' evaluates to false. [0A60:1530][2015-07-10T18:48:07]i052: Condition \'( CurrentOperation = "Install" AND EnterpriseExists )\' evaluates to false. [0A60:1530][2015-07-10T18:48:07]i052: Condition \'( CurrentOperation = "Install" AND UltimateExists )\' evaluates to false. [0A60:1530][2015-07-10T18:48:07]i052: Condition \'( CurrentOperation = "Install" AND NOT EnterpriseExists AND ProfessionalExists)\' evaluates to false. [0A60:1530][2015-07-10T18:48:07]i052: Condition \'(VersionNT = v6.3) AND (KB2919355_amd64_CurrentState <> 112 AND KB2919355_x86_CurrentState <> 112)\' evaluates to false. [0A60:1530][2015-07-10T18:48:07]i052: Condition \'(VersionNT = v6.3) AND (netfxfullredist_43_DetectKey < v4.5.22816)\' evaluates to false.
发现当VS进行安装前的环境检查时，当结果为 false 时代表检查通过，结果为 true 时代表没有通过安装环境检查。
日志中显示没有通过检查的有：
[0A60:1530][2015-07-10T18:48:07]i052: Condition \'RebootPending = 1\' evaluates to true.
这个\'RebootPending = 1\'代表系统需要重启，可问题是：我重启了之后RebootPending还是等于1，这就是问题之所在。
于是，在网上寻找各种关于\'RebootPending = 1\'的解决方案，归结于以下几种：
- 重启直接选择 restart 而不是 shut down 再开机。
- 关闭系统的休眠功能：管理员模式运行命令行，输入powercfg.exe /hibernate off 进行关闭休眠。关闭休眠后等于关闭了 win8 及以上系统的快速启动功能，这样能使得系统能真正地重启，而不是休眠之后快速启动。
- 在注册表中将键值HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Updates\\UpdateExeVolatile 设为0；将键 HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Session Manager\\PendingFileRenameOperations 删除。
在尝试以上方法之后，有可能解决一部分人的问题，可偏偏我就是另外一部分，特别是连键值HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Updates\\UpdateExeVolatile 都找不到。
网上能找的都找了，花了好几个小时，没办法，只能换一种思路：
新思路：既然你要检查系统是否需要重新启动，那我是否能伪造一种不需要重新启动的状态给你看？
于是寻找目前检查系统重启状态的方法，发现如下方案：
以及它的参考：
https://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/scriptcenter/Get-PendingReboot-Query-bdb79542
其中使用的是 Windows power shell 对注册表进行读取、判断，从而确定 RebootPending 的值。代码如下：
Function Get-PendingReboot { <# .SYNOPSIS Gets the pending reboot status on a local or remote computer. .DESCRIPTION This function will query the registry on a local or remote computer and determine if the system is pending a reboot, from either Microsoft Patching or a Software Installation. For Windows 2008+ the function will query the CBS registry key as another factor in determining pending reboot state. "PendingFileRenameOperations" and "Auto Update\\RebootRequired" are observed as being consistant across Windows Server 2003 & 2008. CBServicing = Component Based Servicing (Windows 2008) WindowsUpdate = Windows Update / Auto Update (Windows 2003 / 2008) CCMClientSDK = SCCM 2012 Clients only (DetermineIfRebootPending method) otherwise $null value PendFileRename = PendingFileRenameOperations (Windows 2003 / 2008) .PARAMETER ComputerName A single Computer or an array of computer names. The default is localhost ($env:COMPUTERNAME). .PARAMETER ErrorLog A single path to send error data to a log file. .EXAMPLE PS C:\\> Get-PendingReboot -ComputerName (Get-Content C:\\ServerList.txt) | Format-Table -AutoSize Computer CBServicing WindowsUpdate CCMClientSDK PendFileRename PendFileRenVal RebootPending -------- ----------- ------------- ------------ -------------- -------------- ------------- DC01 False False False False DC02 False False False False FS01 False False False False This example will capture the contents of C:\\ServerList.txt and query the pending reboot information from the systems contained in the file and display the output in a table. The null values are by design, since these systems do not have the SCCM 2012 client installed, nor was the PendingFileRenameOperations value populated. .EXAMPLE PS C:\\> Get-PendingReboot Computer : WKS01 CBServicing : False WindowsUpdate : True CCMClient : False PendComputerRename : False PendFileRename : False PendFileRenVal : RebootPending : True This example will query the local machine for pending reboot information. .EXAMPLE PS C:\\> $Servers = Get-Content C:\\Servers.txt PS C:\\> Get-PendingReboot -Computer $Servers | Export-Csv C:\\PendingRebootReport.csv -NoTypeInformation This example will create a report that contains pending reboot information. .LINK Component-Based Servicing: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc756291(v=WS.10).aspx PendingFileRename/Auto Update: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2723674 http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc960241.aspx http://blogs.msdn.com/b/hansr/archive/2006/02/17/patchreboot.aspx SCCM 2012/CCM_ClientSDK: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/jj902723.aspx .NOTES Author: Brian Wilhite Email: bcwilhite (at) live.com Date: 29AUG2012 PSVer: 2.0/3.0/4.0/5.0 Updated: 01DEC2014 UpdNote: Added CCMClient property - Used with SCCM 2012 Clients only Added ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$true to the ComputerName Parameter Removed $Data variable from the PSObject - it is not needed Bug with the way CCMClientSDK returned null value if it was false Removed unneeded variables Added PendFileRenVal - Contents of the PendingFileRenameOperations Reg Entry Removed .Net Registry connection, replaced with WMI StdRegProv Added ComputerPendingRename #> [CmdletBinding()] param( [Parameter(Position=0,ValueFromPipeline=$true,ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$true)] [Alias("CN","Computer")] [String[]]$ComputerName="$env:COMPUTERNAME", [String]$ErrorLog ) Begin { }## End Begin Script Block Process { Foreach ($Computer in $ComputerName) { Try { ## Setting pending values to false to cut down on the number of else statements $CompPendRen,$PendFileRename,$Pending,$SCCM = $false,$false,$false,$false ## Setting CBSRebootPend to null since not all versions of Windows has this value $CBSRebootPend = $null ## Querying WMI for build version $WMI_OS = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_OperatingSystem -Property BuildNumber, CSName -ComputerName $Computer -ErrorAction Stop ## Making registry connection to the local/remote computer $HKLM = [UInt32] "0x80000002" $WMI_Reg = [WMIClass] "\\\\$Computer\\root\\default:StdRegProv" ## If Vista/2008 & Above query the CBS Reg Key If ([Int32]$WMI_OS.BuildNumber -ge 6001) { $RegSubKeysCBS = $WMI_Reg.EnumKey($HKLM,"SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Component Based Servicing\\") $CBSRebootPend = $RegSubKeysCBS.sNames -contains "RebootPending" } ## Query WUAU from the registry $RegWUAURebootReq = $WMI_Reg.EnumKey($HKLM,"SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\WindowsUpdate\\Auto Update\\") $WUAURebootReq = $RegWUAURebootReq.sNames -contains "RebootRequired" ## Query PendingFileRenameOperations from the registry $RegSubKeySM = $WMI_Reg.GetMultiStringValue($HKLM,"SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Session Manager\\","PendingFileRenameOperations") $RegValuePFRO = $RegSubKeySM.sValue ## Query ComputerName and ActiveComputerName from the registry $ActCompNm = $WMI_Reg.GetStringValue($HKLM,"SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\ComputerName\\ActiveComputerName\\","ComputerName") $CompNm = $WMI_Reg.GetStringValue($HKLM,"SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\ComputerName\\ComputerName\\","ComputerName") If ($ActCompNm -ne $CompNm) { $CompPendRen = $true } ## If PendingFileRenameOperations has a value set $RegValuePFRO variable to $true If ($RegValuePFRO) { $PendFileRename = $true } ## Determine SCCM 2012 Client Reboot Pending Status ## To avoid nested \'if\' statements and unneeded WMI calls to determine if the CCM_ClientUtilities class exist, setting EA = 0 $CCMClientSDK = $null $CCMSplat = @{ NameSpace=\'ROOT\\ccm\\ClientSDK\' Class=\'CCM_ClientUtilities\' Name=\'DetermineIfRebootPending\' ComputerName=$Computer ErrorAction=\'Stop\' } ## Try CCMClientSDK Try { $CCMClientSDK = Invoke-WmiMethod @CCMSplat } Catch [System.UnauthorizedAccessException] { $CcmStatus = Get-Service -Name CcmExec -ComputerName $Computer -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue If ($CcmStatus.Status -ne \'Running\') { Write-Warning "$Computer`: Error - CcmExec service is not running." $CCMClientSDK = $null } } Catch { $CCMClientSDK = $null } If ($CCMClientSDK) { If ($CCMClientSDK.ReturnValue -ne 0) { Write-Warning "Error: DetermineIfRebootPending returned error code $($CCMClientSDK.ReturnValue)" } If ($CCMClientSDK.IsHardRebootPending -or $CCMClientSDK.RebootPending) { $SCCM = $true } } Else { $SCCM = $null } ## Creating Custom PSObject and Select-Object Splat $SelectSplat = @{ Property=( \'Computer\', \'CBServicing\', \'WindowsUpdate\', \'CCMClientSDK\', \'PendComputerRename\', \'PendFileRename\', \'PendFileRenVal\', \'RebootPending\' )} New-Object -TypeName PSObject -Property @{ Computer=$WMI_OS.CSName CBServicing=$CBSRebootPend WindowsUpdate=$WUAURebootReq CCMClientSDK=$SCCM PendComputerRename=$CompPendRen PendFileRename=$PendFileRename PendFileRenVal=$RegValuePFRO RebootPending=($CompPendRen -or $CBSRebootPend -or $WUAURebootReq -or $SCCM -or $PendFileRename) } | Select-Object @SelectSplat } Catch { Write-Warning "$Computer`: $_" ## If $ErrorLog, log the file to a user specified location/path If ($ErrorLog) { Out-File -InputObject "$Computer`,$_" -FilePath $ErrorLog -Append } } }## End Foreach ($Computer in $ComputerName) }## End Process End { }## End End }## End Function Get-PendingReboot
发现其对一下几个主键进行读取：
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Component Based Servicing\\RebootPending
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\WindowsUpdate\\Auto Update\\RebootRequired
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Session Manager\\PendingFileRenameOperations
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\ComputerName\\ActiveComputerName\\ComputerName
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\ComputerName\\ComputerName\\ComputerName
于是我开始寻找这些主键：
- 第一个没找到，尝试删除之下的 SessionsPending ，被拒绝；
- 找到了第二个对应的 RebootRequired ，里头有东西，备份后删除之；
- 找到第三个对应的 PendingFileRenameOperations ，同样删除之；
没有重启的情况下尝试重新安装，成功进入安装环节！
吁~忙了一下午，终于搞定！
此时联想到之前装完系统更新时提示要重启，可后来重启过后还是要求重启，当时也没注意，没想到又给碰上了，真是缘分！
到此为止，事情可远远没有结束，明天用VS调试CEC2014程序导致MATLAB调用func19~30崩溃的问题，估计又得一整天了……还有POWELL法和DE的结合测试，想着就头皮发麻……自己选的路，喊着泪也得走下去哇
最后，原此篇文章能帮到更多的人！
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