实战 fail2ban 安装

Posted 2020-08-17

1.安装fail2ban原因

本人的网站自从搭建好一段时间后被问候了无数次，阿里云安全团队真敬业，夜里都给我发异常通知短信，感谢！！！（给他做个广告）

[[email protected] logs]# awk ‘{print $1}‘ access.log|sort|uniq -c|sort -rn|head -10

  18559 121.42.0.38

  16353 121.42.0.39

  15351 222.186.34.249

  15350 222.186.160.94

  15341 222.186.21.35

  13870 121.42.0.36

  13172 121.42.0.17

  12393 121.42.0.31

  12302 121.42.0.37

  11843 121.42.0.30

所以决定安装fail2ban 来限制访问。

1.1 软件介绍

fail2ban是一款实用软件，可以监视你的日志，然后匹配日志的信息（正则式匹配）执行相应的屏蔽动作。

1.2 安装环境

[[email protected] logs]# cat /etc/redhat-release 

CentOS release 6.8 (Final)

[[email protected] logs]# uname -r

2.6.32-642.6.1.el6.x86_64

2.实战 fail2ban 搭建

#上传fail2ban-0.8.14.tar.gz到安装目录，解压安装

[[email protected] tools]# tar xf fail2ban-0.8.14.tar.gz 

[[email protected] tools]# cd fail2ban-0.8.14

[[email protected] fail2ban-0.8.14]# ll

total 236

-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 46255 Aug 20  2014 ChangeLog

drwxrwxr-x 2 root root  4096 Aug 20  2014 client

drwxrwxr-x 2 root root  4096 Aug 20  2014 common

drwxrwxr-x 4 root root  4096 Aug 20  2014 config

-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 19296 Aug 20  2014 COPYING

-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 13329 Aug 20  2014 DEVELOP

drwxrwxr-x 2 root root  4096 Aug 20  2014 doc

-rwxrwxr-x 1 root root 12699 Aug 20  2014 fail2ban-client

-rwxrwxr-x 1 root root 13570 Aug 20  2014 fail2ban-regex

-rwxrwxr-x 1 root root  4502 Aug 20  2014 fail2ban-server

-rwxrwxr-x 1 root root  8242 Aug 20  2014 fail2ban-testcases

-rwxrwxr-x 1 root root   397 Aug 20  2014 fail2ban-testcases-all

drwxrwxr-x 4 root root  4096 Aug 20  2014 files

-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 18972 Aug 20  2014 FILTERS

-rwxrwxr-x 1 root root    69 Aug 20  2014 kill-server

drwxrwxr-x 2 root root  4096 Aug 20  2014 man

-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root  8268 Aug 20  2014 MANIFEST

-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root  3992 Aug 20  2014 README.md

-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root  4189 Aug 20  2014 README.Solaris

drwxrwxr-x 2 root root  4096 Aug 20  2014 server

-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root   291 Aug 20  2014 setup.cfg

-rwxrwxr-x 1 root root  3337 Aug 20  2014 setup.py

drwxrwxr-x 4 root root  4096 Aug 20  2014 testcases

-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root  1733 Aug 20  2014 THANKS

-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root  1827 Aug 20  2014 TODO

#安装fail2ban，注:没有安装python,需要先安装一下

[[email protected] fail2ban-0.8.14]#python setup.py install

#检查启动文件

[[email protected] fail2ban-0.8.14]# grep chkconfig ./* -R --color

./files/redhat-initd:# chkconfig: - 92 08

#把启动文件复制到 /etc/init.d下做开机自启动

[[email protected] fail2ban-0.8.14]# cp files/redhat-initd /etc/init.d/fail2ban

[[email protected] fail2ban-0.8.14]# chkconfig --add fail2ban

[[email protected] fail2ban-0.8.14]# chkconfig --list fail2ban

fail2ban        0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

#修改配置文件，修改前备份配置文件

[[email protected] fail2ban-0.8.14]# cp /etc/fail2ban/jail.conf /etc/fail2ban/jail.conf.ori

[[email protected] fail2ban-0.8.14]# ls /etc/fail2ban/

action.d  fail2ban.conf  fail2ban.d  filter.d  jail.conf  jail.conf.ori  jail.d

#定位到94行[ssh-iptables]修改参数

[[email protected] fail2ban-0.8.14]# vi /etc/fail2ban/jail.conf +94

#预防暴力破解

[ssh-iptables]

enabled  = true

filter   = sshd

action   = iptables[name=SSH, port=ssh, protocol=tcp]

           sendmail-whois[name=SSH, [email protected], [email protected], sendername="Fail2Ban"]

logpath  = /var/log/secure

maxretry = 3     #设定访问频率，单位"次"

bantime = 3600   #限制1小时内不能登录，单位"秒"

findtime = 300   #设定访问时间，十分钟(300s)内

#以上表示十分钟内，3次输错登录密码，关禁闭1小时。

[[email protected] fail2ban-0.8.14]# service fail2ban start        

Starting fail2ban:                                         [  OK  ]

#查看fail2ban规则是否生效

[[email protected] fail2ban-0.8.14]# service fail2ban status

fail2ban-server (pid  6723) is running...

Status

|- Number of jail:      1

`- Jail list:           ssh-iptables

#限制用户频繁访问网站,禁止非法ip

[[email protected] fail2ban-0.8.14]# vi /etc/fail2ban/jail.conf 

#按大写G定位到最后，添加如下代码

#nginx access control

[access-get-dos]

enables = true

port = http,https

filter = nginx-bansniffer

action = iptables[name=IT300,port=http,portocol=tcp]

sendmail-whois[name=IT300,[email protected],[email protected]] 

#访问日志路径

logpath = /application/nginx/logs/access.log 

#限制规则

findtime = 60   #设定访问时间，一分钟(60s)内

maxretry = 30   #设定访问频率，单位"次"

bantime = 3600  #限制1小时内不能登录，单位"秒"

#以上表示1分钟内，30次访问，关禁闭1小时

#创建规则文件

[[email protected] fail2ban-0.8.14]# vi /etc/fail2ban/filter.d/nginx-bansniffer.conf

[Definition]

failregex = <HOST> -.*- .*HTTP/1.* .* .*$

ignoreregex =

#重新启动fail2ban

[[email protected] fail2ban-0.8.14]# service fail2ban reload

#查看fail2ban生效的规则状态

[[email protected] fail2ban-0.8.14]# service fail2ban status

fail2ban-server (pid  7013) is running...

Status

|- Number of jail:      2

`- Jail list:           access-get-dos, ssh-iptables

#查看生效后访问情况，注：访问日志做了切割

[[email protected] logs]#awk ‘{print $1}‘ 20161101_access_www.log|sort|uniq -c|sort -rn|head -10 

      11 121.42.0.16

      9 198.52.119.97

      8 61.158.152.132

      6 112.97.63.104

      5 42.48.70.245

      5 36.57.226.54

      5 221.225.2.214

      5 180.114.17.26

      5 171.105.144.226

      5 123.11.115.223

#uniq -c    表示合并相邻的重复记录，并统计重复数

#sort -n    表示按从小到大进行排序

#sort -r    表示逆序，即按照从大到小的顺序进行排序。

#head -10    表示取前10位

总结：自从fail2ban安装后每天不再接到阿里安全团队的问候短信了，设置成功。

本文出自 “知识改变命运” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://ahtornado.blog.51cto.com/4826737/1868859