分布式搜索引擎Elasticsearch的简单使用

Posted 2020-08-15 踏雪无痕

官方网址：https://www.elastic.co/products/elasticsearch/

一、特性

1、支持中文分词

2、支持多种数据源的全文检索引擎

3、分布式

4、基于lucene的开源搜索引擎

5、Restful api

二、资源

• smartcn, 默认的中文分词 ：https://github.com/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-analysis-smartcn

• mmseg ：https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-mmseg

• ik：https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-ik

• pinyin, 拼音分词可用于输入拼音提示中文 ：https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-pinyin

• stconvert, 中文简繁体互换 ：https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-stconvert

• elasticsearch-servicewrapper：https://github.com/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-servicewrapper

• Elastic HQ，elasticsearch的监控工具：http://www.elastichq.org

• elasticsearch-rtf ：https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-rtf

三、安装

• 服务器：Linux（centos 6.x）

• java环境：JDK 1.8.0

• elasticsearch：2.3.1

• elasticsearch-jdbc（数据源插件）：2.3.1

• IK Analysis（中文分词插件）：1.9.1

1、安装Java

yum install java-1.8.0

2、安装Elasticsearch

#创建.repo文件（elasticsearch.repo）
cat >> /etc/yum.repos.d/elasticsearch.repo << EOF
[elasticsearch-2.x]
name=Elasticsearch repository for 2.x packages
baseurl=https://packages.elastic.co/elasticsearch/2.x/centos
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://packages.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch
enabled=1
EOF

#导入key：
rpm --import https://packages.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch
yum install elasticsearch

3、创建用户

如果是用root账号启动，会报以下错误

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: don\'t run elasticsearch as root. at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.initializeNatives(Bootstrap.java:93) at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.setup(Bootstrap.java:144) at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.init(Bootstrap.java:285) at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.main(Elasticsearch.java:35) Refer to the log for complete error details.

这是出于系统安全考虑设置的条件。由于ElasticSearch可以接收用户输入的脚本并且执行，为了系统安全考虑， 建议创建一个单独的用户用来运行ElasticSearch

groupadd elsearch
useradd elsearch -g elsearch -p elasticsearch

4、创建目录

mkdir -p  /data/elasticsearch/data
mkdir -p  /data/elasticsearch/logs
chown -R elsearch:elsearch /data/elasticsearch/data
chown -R elsearch:elsearch /data/elasticsearch/logs

5、生成配置文件（/etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml）

#集群名（同一个集群，名称必须相同）
cluster.name: my-application
#服务节点名（每个服务节点不一样）
node.name: node-1
#数据存储路径
path.data: /data/elasticsearch/data
#服务日志路径
path.logs: /data/elasticsearch/logs
#服务ip地址
network.host: 0.0.0.0
#服务端口
http.port: 9200

四、IK的安装

1.安装maven工具

wget http://repos.fedorapeople.org/repos/dchen/apache-maven/epel-apache-maven.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-apache-maven.repo
yum install apache-maven

2.下载ik源码包

git clone https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-ik

3.生成jar插件包

mvn clean
mvn compile
mvn package

unzip target/releases/elasticsearch-analysis-ik-*.zip
cp -r target/releases/ /usr/share/elasticsearch/plugins/ik

4.配置词库（ik自带搜狗词库）

配置：/usr/share/elasticsearch/plugins/ik/config/ik/IKAnalyzer.cfg.xml

<entry key="ext_dict">custom/mydict.dic;custom/single_word_low_freq.dic;custom/sougou.dic</entry>

将jar包复制到Elasticsearch的plugins/analysis-ik 目录下，再把解压出的ik目录（配置和词典等），复制到Elasticsearch的config 目录下。然后编辑配置文件elasticsearch.yml ，在后面加一行：

index.analysis.analyzer.ik.type : "ik"

重启service elasticsearch restart

然后录入数据，创建索引

 

五、elasticsearch-jdbc

1、使用feeder方式

wget http://xbib.org/repository/org/xbib/elasticsearch/importer/elasticsearch-jdbc/2.3.1.0/elasticsearch-jdbc-2.3.1.0-dist.zip
unzip elasticsearch-jdbc-2.3.1.0-dist.zip

编辑数据导入脚本import.sh

export JDBC_IMPORTER_HOME=/elasticsearch-jdbc-2.3.1.0

bin=$JDBC_IMPORTER_HOME/bin
lib=$JDBC_IMPORTER_HOME/lib
echo \'{
"type" : "jdbc",
"jdbc": {
"url":"jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/dbtest",
"user":"root",
"password":"123456",
"sql":"select * from test_tb",
"index" : "customer",
"type" : "external"
}}\' | java \\
    -cp "${lib}/*" \\
    -Dlog4j.configurationFile=${bin}/log4j2.xml \\
    org.xbib.tools.Runner \\
    org.xbib.tools.JDBCImporter

测试

curl -XGET \'localhost:9200/customer/external/_search?pretty&q=a\'

删除索引

curl -XDELETE \'http://localhost:9200/customer\'

2、使用river方式

#安装elasticsearch
curl -OL https://download.elasticsearch.org/elasticsearch/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-1.4.2.zip

cd $ES_HOME
unzip path/to/elasticsearch-1.4.2.zip

#安装JDBC插件
./bin/plugin --install jdbc --url http://xbib.org/repository/org/xbib/elasticsearch/plugin/elasticsearch-river-jdbc/1.4.0.6/elasticsearch-river-jdbc-1.4.0.6-plugin.zip

#下载mysql driver
curl -o mysql-connector-java-5.1.33.zip -L \'http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/Connector-J/mysql-connector-java-5.1.33.zip/from/http://cdn.mysql.com/\'
cp mysql-connector-java-5.1.33-bin.jar $ES_HOME/plugins/jdbc/ chmod 644 $ES_HOME/plugins/jdbc/*

#启动elasticsearch
./bin/elasticsearch

#停止river
curl -XDELETE \'localhost:9200/_river/my_jdbc_river/\'

JDBC插件参数

curl -XPUT \'localhost:9200/_river/my_jdbc_river/_meta\' -d \'{
    "type" : "jdbc",
    "jdbc" : {
        "url" : "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test",
        "user" : "",
        "password" : "",
        "sql" : "select * from orders",
        "index" : "myindex",
        "type" : "mytype",
        ...
    }
}\'

如果一个数组传递给jdbc字段，多个river源也是可以的

curl -XPUT \'localhost:9200/_river/my_jdbc_river/_meta\' -d \'{
     <river parameters>
    "type" : "jdbc",
    "jdbc" : [ {
         <river definition 1>
    }, {
         <river definition 2>
    } ]
}\'

curl -XPUT \'localhost:9200/_river/my_jdbc_river/_meta\' -d \'{
     "type" : "jdbc",
     "jdbc" : {
         "driver" : "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver",
         "url" : "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test",
         "user" : "root",
         "password" : "123456",
         "sql" : "select * from test.student;",
         "interval" : "30",
         "index" : "test",
         "type" : "student"
     }
 }’

查看ES是否已经同步了这些数据　　

curl -XGET \'localhost:9200/test/student/_search?pretty&q=*\'

官网地址：https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/indices-aliases.html

 

参考

https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/guide/current/empty-search.html

https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-ik

http://blog.csdn.net/clementad/article/details/46898013

https://endymecy.gitbooks.io/elasticsearch-guide-chinese/content/elasticsearch-river-jdbc.html

https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/indices-aliases.html

https://github.com/jprante/elasticsearch-jdbc

http://www.voidcn.com/blog/wojiushiwo987/article/p-6058574.html

http://leotse90.com/2015/11/11/ElasticSearch%E4%B8%8EMySQL%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5%E4%BB%A5%E5%8F%8A%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9%E8%A1%A8%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/

http://www.jianshu.com/p/638ff7b848cc

http://www.cnblogs.com/buzzlight/p/logstash_elasticsearch_kibana_log.html