charles babbage was born in 1791 in britsin.he w

Posted 2023-03-14

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参考技术A 翻译
查尔斯 巴比奇1791年生于英国。他…… 参考技术B 查尔斯·巴贝奇于1791年出生在英国。他女（后面没说完）
Charles Babbage, Charles Babbage was born on December 27, 1791, in England the Devon county (Devon Shire) in the home of a wealthy family, father is a successful banker. Childhood babbage, a sickly man, did not take school of formal education, but by the tutor for counselling, until the age of 14 to study middle school. Because smart studious, 19-year-old babbage walks into the trinity college, Cambridge university, majoring in mathematics and chemistry. Here, babbage showed superior mathematical talent, he had to master mathematics knowledge, even more than the teacher. Then at the university of Cambridge, in mathematics teaching as the center, promoting Newton's scientific theory, and exclude other new academic ideas. Schools to set up special math competition degree award. Babbage no dutifully to chase the official honor, but involved in creating the devoted to mathematical research and science popularization "analysis of society". The revival of the institute of mathematics in the UK later played a major role, at the same time, babbage's academic status and fame is also growing. In 1814 and 1817, babbage successively in trinity college have a bachelor's and master's degree. In London since 1815, he began to make scientific activities, these studies continued until 1827. After two years, he engaged in to the factory inspection in continental Europe. Babbage, 1816, 25, was selected as a member of the royal society, he participated in the British astronomical society and create statistical society, and is a astronomical society gold medal winner, ethics and Paris academy of sciences, the royal society of Ireland, and members of the national academy of sciences. From 1828 to 1839, babbage at Cambridge university as a "lecture" Lucas Lucasian professor of mathematics, a position only has the scholar to an extremely profound academic attainments, after the award only two men have won - Newton's teacher and Newton himself.

Babbage in his excellent mathematics to conquer the Cambridge at the same time, also engaged in many inventions. Such as "a penny postage" proposed by using the operational research theory system, unified the postage fee, simplifies the post office work; Developed for the use of the train speed meter and cowcatcher; Keep the beacon light method is put forward, in order to better for passing ships navigation. Management historians Ryan said in the evolution of management thought, babbage's life, has been committed to looking for "in the children's mind" the root causes of the surprise of all the little things and events. Babbage that children get a new toy after the first question must be: "mom, what's in this stuff?" If mom reply is not satisfactory, he must open the toy. Perhaps it is because the cling to satisfy that curiosity, he created the world the first practical mechanical computer - difference engine.

Bring babbage huge reputation difference engine made in 1822, and made it the real cause of is due to the mistakes of mathematics with the table. Concentration of the end of the 18th century, France mathematician, calculate of artificial hand assembly line, compiled 17 volumes of mathematics with the table, but because of artificial difficult to eliminate the defects exist in a lot of calculation error. Babbage is said to be in the face of error of full even Shouting: "mathematics in table" a "oh my god, the calculation errors have been filled with pervades the whole universe!" Because of this, babbage, with the support of the government took ten years, produced can automatically complete a series of operations according to the designers of the control of the difference engine, is used to replace artificial to complete the complex calculating work. Later, the practice shows that the machine to prepare a list of the navigation and astronomical aspects of mathematics with very suitable.

The success of the difference engine, encourage babbage go further in terms of manufacturing computing device. By making the difference engine, babbage saw manufacturing a performance considerably more than the difference engine the possibility of computer, the machine is the analytical machine later, he has been trying to complete. Analytical machine can automatic tracking instruction, it is a computer has many USES, and in concept already have all the elements of modern computer, storage unit, calculating unit, punch card input conditions of systems, external storage and transport. Unfortunately, the genius light glow of analytical machine always has not been made. Due to the huge and complicated manufacturing work itself, to complete its difficulties, and a hot-tempered babbage and lost the support of the government, analytical machine manufacturing in trouble. As analytical machine manufacturing in trouble, the barber adventure as you lend a helping hand to the countess Augusta, IDA (Augusta Ada). IDA is the famous English poet byron's only daughter, mother enjoy "parallelogram princess" reputation. IDA didn't inherit his father's poet, mathematical talent is inherited from the mother, she is good at math and engineering, is really one of the few more persons to understand babbage thought, she expounds to babbage thought even more accurate than himself. At the same time, the late babbage due to throat disease cannot speak, analytical machine the text introduction are almost done by her. In addition to help analytical machine manufacturing, IDA also made racing with babbage system, to raise the funds needed for the analytical machine manufacturing. After failing in the system design, she even sell her jewelry. Unfortunately, the and babbage like-minded woman died young, at the age of 36, with beautiful dream died of analytical machine.

Lost IDA support babbage, into a more difficult situation, he is a person and silently insist on for 20 years, finally in 1871 with the analytical machine unfortunately died. Although babbage's analytical machine has not produced, but his design is lighted up with flashes of genius. In order to speed up the operation, he advanced carry the design, design of the punch card machine to store information and to guide the operation, and design a conditional jump instruction, can make the machine instead of human logic. When the modern computer was invented in the 20th century, people were surprised to find that as early as the Victorian era, babbage had considered due and all parts of the computer, and to elaborate design. Some even is not without humor, babbage thought too ahead, all he has prepared for the computer, is the lack of a power supply. Babbage for influence in the field of management, is not what he put forward a theory, but in his introducing mathematical methods in the field of management, try to use mathematical method to solve the management problems. Babbage before, no one combine mathematical methods and management, this is he is different from other pioneer one of the greatest contribution.

Published in 1832 his book theory of machines and manufacturing save, babbage put forward on the basis of scientific analysis is likely to work out the general principles of the enterprise management. In his book, he said: "I in the past decade has been attracted to visit the UK and continental Europe many workshops and factories, in order to familiar with the mechanical process. In the process, I involuntarily put me in the study of other natural formation of a variety of common principles applied to the workshop and factory." And later the father of scientific management lie in "the principles of scientific management", he also has the similar words: "some people education so that they had got into the habit of generalization and look for patterns everywhere. When these people met in each industry are very similar and many of the problems, they inevitably try to classify these problems logically, and find out the certain laws or rules to solve these problems." Babbage "save the principle of manufacturing are discussed in this article, to the operation of the operation, related technology and every working procedure cost were analyzed. Later, he also invented a "supervision and factory method", provide the operator with a bearing using raw material, normal consumption, spending, tools, price, the final market, workers, wages, the required form the problems of the technology and the working cycle, as a management tool.