You Don't Need jQuery
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前端发展很快,现代浏览器原生 API 已经足够好用。我们并不需要为了操作 DOM、Event 等再学习一下 jQuery 的 API。同时由于 React、Angular、Vue 等框架的流行,直接操作 DOM 不再是好的模式,jQuery 使用场景大大减少。本项目总结了大部分 jQuery API 替代的方法,暂时只支持 IE10+ 以上浏览器。
目录
- Translations
- Query Selector
- CSS & Style
- DOM Manipulation
- Ajax
- Events
- Utilities
- Alternatives
- Browser Support
Translations
- ???
- 简体中文
- Bahasa Melayu
- Bahasa Indonesia
- Português(PT-BR)
- Ti?ng Vi?t Nam
- Espa?ol
- Русский
- Кыргызча
- Türk?e
- Italiano
- Fran?ais
- 日本語
Query Selector
常用的 class、id、属性 选择器都可以使用 document.querySelector
或 document.querySelectorAll
替代。区别是
document.querySelector
返回第一个匹配的 Elementdocument.querySelectorAll
返回所有匹配的 Element 组成的 NodeList。它可以通过[].slice.call()
把它转成 Array- 如果匹配不到任何 Element,jQuery 返回空数组
[]
,但document.querySelector
返回null
,注意空指针异常。当找不到时,也可以使用||
设置默认的值,如document.querySelectorAll(selector) || []
注意:
document.querySelector
和document.querySelectorAll
性能很差。如果想提高性能,尽量使用document.getElementById
、document.getElementsByClassName
或document.getElementsByTagName
。
-
1.0 Query by selector
// jQuery $(‘selector‘); // Native document.querySelectorAll(‘selector‘);
-
1.1 Query by class
// jQuery $(‘.css‘); // Native document.querySelectorAll(‘.css‘); // or document.getElementsByClassName(‘css‘);
-
1.2 Query by id
// jQuery $(‘#id‘); // Native document.querySelector(‘#id‘); // or document.getElementById(‘id‘);
-
1.3 Query by attribute
// jQuery $(‘a[target=_blank]‘); // Native document.querySelectorAll(‘a[target=_blank]‘);
-
1.4 Find sth.
-
Find nodes
// jQuery $el.find(‘li‘); // Native el.querySelectorAll(‘li‘);
-
Find body
// jQuery $(‘body‘); // Native document.body;
-
Find Attribute
// jQuery $el.attr(‘foo‘); // Native e.getAttribute(‘foo‘);
-
Find data attribute
// jQuery $el.data(‘foo‘); // Native // using getAttribute el.getAttribute(‘data-foo‘); // you can also use `dataset` if only need to support IE 11+ el.dataset[‘foo‘];
-
-
1.5 Sibling/Previous/Next Elements
-
Sibling elements
// jQuery $el.siblings(); // Native [].filter.call(el.parentNode.children, function(child) { return child !== el; });
-
Previous elements
// jQuery $el.prev(); // Native el.previousElementSibling;
-
Next elements
// next $el.next(); el.nextElementSibling;
-
-
1.6 Closest
Closest 获得匹配选择器的第一个祖先元素,从当前元素开始沿 DOM 树向上。
// jQuery $el.closest(queryString); // Native function closest(el, selector) { const matchesSelector = el.matches || el.webkitMatchesSelector || el.mozMatchesSelector || el.msMatchesSelector; while (el) { if (matchesSelector.call(el, selector)) { return el; } else { el = el.parentElement; } } return null; }
-
1.7 Parents Until
获取当前每一个匹配元素集的祖先,不包括匹配元素的本身。
// jQuery $el.parentsUntil(selector, filter); // Native function parentsUntil(el, selector, filter) { const result = []; const matchesSelector = el.matches || el.webkitMatchesSelector || el.mozMatchesSelector || el.msMatchesSelector; // match start from parent el = el.parentElement; while (el && !matchesSelector.call(el, selector)) { if (!filter) { result.push(el); } else { if (matchesSelector.call(el, filter)) { result.push(el); } } el = el.parentElement; } return result; }
-
1.8 Form
-
Input/Textarea
// jQuery $(‘#my-input‘).val(); // Native document.querySelector(‘#my-input‘).value;
-
Get index of e.currentTarget between
.radio
// jQuery $(e.currentTarget).index(‘.radio‘); // Native [].indexOf.call(document.querySelectorAll(‘.radio‘), e.currentTarget);
-
-
1.9 Iframe Contents
jQuery 对象的 iframe
contents()
返回的是 iframe 内的document
-
Iframe contents
// jQuery $iframe.contents(); // Native iframe.contentDocument;
-
Iframe Query
// jQuery $iframe.contents().find(‘.css‘); // Native iframe.contentDocument.querySelectorAll(‘.css‘);
-
CSS & Style
-
2.1 CSS
-
Get style
// jQuery $el.css("color"); // Native // 注意:此处为了解决当 style 值为 auto 时,返回 auto 的问题 const win = el.ownerDocument.defaultView; // null 的意思是不返回伪类元素 win.getComputedStyle(el, null).color;
-
Set style
// jQuery $el.css({ color: "#ff0011" }); // Native el.style.color = ‘#ff0011‘;
-
Get/Set Styles
注意,如果想一次设置多个 style,可以参考 oui-dom-utils 中 setStyles 方法
-
Add class
// jQuery $el.addClass(className); // Native el.classList.add(className);
-
Remove class
// jQuery $el.removeClass(className); // Native el.classList.remove(className);
-
has class
// jQuery $el.hasClass(className); // Native el.classList.contains(className);
-
Toggle class
// jQuery $el.toggleClass(className); // Native el.classList.toggle(className);
-
-
2.2 Width & Height
Width 与 Height 获取方法相同,下面以 Height 为例:
-
Window height
// jQuery $(window).height(); // Native // 不含 scrollbar,与 jQuery 行为一致 window.document.documentElement.clientHeight; // 含 scrollbar window.innerHeight;
-
Document height
// jQuery $(document).height(); // Native document.documentElement.scrollHeight;
-
Element height
// jQuery $el.height(); // Native // 与 jQuery 一致(一直为 content 区域的高度) function getHeight(el) { const styles = this.getComputedStyle(el); const height = el.offsetHeight; const borderTopWidth = parseFloat(styles.borderTopWidth); const borderBottomWidth = parseFloat(styles.borderBottomWidth); const paddingTop = parseFloat(styles.paddingTop); const paddingBottom = parseFloat(styles.paddingBottom); return height - borderBottomWidth - borderTopWidth - paddingTop - paddingBottom; } // 精确到整数(border-box 时为 height 值,content-box 时为 height + padding + border 值) el.clientHeight; // 精确到小数(border-box 时为 height 值,content-box 时为 height + padding + border 值) el.getBoundingClientRect().height;
-
Iframe height
$iframe .contents() 方法返回 iframe 的 contentDocument
// jQuery $(‘iframe‘).contents().height(); // Native iframe.contentDocument.documentElement.scrollHeight;
-
-
2.3 Position & Offset
-
Position
// jQuery $el.position(); // Native { left: el.offsetLeft, top: el.offsetTop }
-
Offset
// jQuery $el.offset(); // Native function getOffset (el) { const box = el.getBoundingClientRect(); return { top: box.top + window.pageYOffset - document.documentElement.clientTop, left: box.left + window.pageXOffset - document.documentElement.clientLeft } }
-
-
2.4 Scroll Top
// jQuery $(window).scrollTop(); // Native (document.documentElement && document.documentElement.scrollTop) || document.body.scrollTop;
DOM Manipulation
-
3.1 Remove
// jQuery $el.remove(); // Native el.parentNode.removeChild(el);
-
3.2 Text
-
Get text
// jQuery $el.text(); // Native el.textContent;
-
Set text
// jQuery $el.text(string); // Native el.textContent = string;
-
-
-
Get HTML
// jQuery $el.html(); // Native el.innerHTML;
-
Set HTML
// jQuery $el.html(htmlString); // Native el.innerHTML = htmlString;
-
-
3.4 Append
Append 插入到子节点的末尾
// jQuery $el.append("<div id=‘container‘>hello</div>"); // Native let newEl = document.createElement(‘div‘); newEl.setAttribute(‘id‘, ‘container‘); newEl.innerHTML = ‘hello‘; el.appendChild(newEl);
-
3.5 Prepend
// jQuery $el.prepend("<div id=‘container‘>hello</div>"); // Native let newEl = document.createElement(‘div‘); newEl.setAttribute(‘id‘, ‘container‘); newEl.innerHTML = ‘hello‘; el.insertBefore(newEl, el.firstChild);
-
3.6 insertBefore
在选中元素前插入新节点
// jQuery $newEl.insertBefore(queryString); // Native const target = document.querySelector(queryString); target.parentNode.insertBefore(newEl, target);
-
3.7 insertAfter
在选中元素后插入新节点
// jQuery $newEl.insertAfter(queryString); // Native const target = document.querySelector(queryString); target.parentNode.insertBefore(newEl, target.nextSibling);
Ajax
用 fetch 和 fetch-jsonp 替代
Events
完整地替代命名空间和事件代理,链接到 https://github.com/oneuijs/oui-dom-events
-
5.1 Bind an event with on
// jQuery $el.on(eventName, eventHandler); // Native el.addEventListener(eventName, eventHandler);
-
5.2 Unbind an event with off
// jQuery $el.off(eventName, eventHandler); // Native el.removeEventListener(eventName, eventHandler);
-
5.3 Trigger
// jQuery $(el).trigger(‘custom-event‘, {key1: ‘data‘}); // Native if (window.CustomEvent) { const event = new CustomEvent(‘custom-event‘, {detail: {key1: ‘data‘}}); } else { const event = document.createEvent(‘CustomEvent‘); event.initCustomEvent(‘custom-event‘, true, true, {key1: ‘data‘}); } el.dispatchEvent(event);
Utilities
-
6.1 isArray
// jQuery $.isArray(range); // Native Array.isArray(range);
-
6.2 Trim
// jQuery $.trim(string); // Native string.trim();
-
6.3 Object Assign
继承,使用 object.assign polyfill https://github.com/ljharb/object.assign
// jQuery $.extend({}, defaultOpts, opts); // Native Object.assign({}, defaultOpts, opts);
-
6.4 Contains
// jQuery $.contains(el, child); // Native el !== child && el.contains(child);
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