[LeetCode] Valid Word Abbreviation 验证单词缩写
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Given a non-empty string s
and an abbreviation abbr
, return whether the string matches with the given abbreviation.
A string such as "word"
contains only the following valid abbreviations:
["word", "1ord", "w1rd", "wo1d", "wor1", "2rd", "w2d", "wo2", "1o1d", "1or1", "w1r1", "1o2", "2r1", "3d", "w3", "4"]
Notice that only the above abbreviations are valid abbreviations of the string "word"
. Any other string is not a valid abbreviation of "word"
.
Note:
Assume s
contains only lowercase letters and abbr
contains only lowercase letters and digits.
Example 1:
Given s = "internationalization", abbr = "i12iz4n": Return true.
Example 2:
Given s = "apple", abbr = "a2e": Return false.
这道题让我们验证单词缩写,关于单词缩写LeetCode上还有两道相类似的题目Unique Word Abbreviation和Generalized Abbreviation。这道题给了我们一个单词和一个缩写形式,让我们验证这个缩写形式是否是正确的,由于题目中限定了单词中只有小写字母和数字,所以我们只要对这两种情况分别处理即可。我们使用双指针分别指向两个单词的开头,循环的条件是两个指针都没有到各自的末尾,如果指向缩写单词的指针指的是一个数字的话,如果当前数字是0,返回false,因为数字不能以0开头,然后我们要把该数字整体取出来,所以我们用一个while循环将数字整体取出来,然后指向原单词的指针也要对应的向后移动这么多位数。如果指向缩写单词的指针指的是一个字母的话,那么我们只要比两个指针指向的字母是否相同,不同则返回false,相同则两个指针均向后移动一位,参见代码如下:
解法一:
class Solution { public: bool validWordAbbreviation(string word, string abbr) { int i = 0, j = 0, m = word.size(), n = abbr.size(); while (i < m && j < n) { if (abbr[j] >= \'0\' && abbr[j] <= \'9\') { if (abbr[j] == \'0\') return false; int val = 0; while (j < n && abbr[j] >= \'0\' && abbr[j] <= \'9\') { val = val * 10 + abbr[j++] - \'0\'; } i += val; } else { if (word[i++] != abbr[j++]) return false; } } return i == m && j == n; } };
下面这种方法和上面的方法稍有不同,这里是用了一个for循环来遍历缩写单词的所有字符,然后用一个指针p来指向与其对应的原单词的位置,然后cnt表示当前读取查出来的数字,如果读取的是数字,我们先排除首位是0的情况,然后cnt做累加;如果读取的是字母,那么指针p向后移动cnt位,如果p到超过范围了,或者p指向的字符和当前遍历到的缩写单词的字符不相等,则返回false,反之则给cnt置零继续循环,参见代码如下:
解法二:
class Solution { public: bool validWordAbbreviation(string word, string abbr) { int m = word.size(), n = abbr.size(), p = 0, cnt = 0; for (int i = 0; i < abbr.size(); ++i) { if (abbr[i] >= \'0\' && abbr[i] <= \'9\') { if (cnt == 0 && abbr[i] == \'0\') return false; cnt = 10 * cnt + abbr[i] - \'0\'; } else { p += cnt; if (p >= m || word[p++] != abbr[i]) return false; cnt = 0; } } return p + cnt == m; } };
类似题目:
参考资料:
https://discuss.leetcode.com/topic/61404/concise-c-solution
https://discuss.leetcode.com/topic/61430/java-2-pointers-15-lines
https://discuss.leetcode.com/topic/61353/simple-regex-one-liner-java-python
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