JNI
Posted Gaomeng814
tags:
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JNI技术对于多java开发的朋友相信并不陌生,即(java native interface),本地调用接口,主要功能有以下两点:
1、java层调用C/C++层代码
2、C/C++层调用java层代码
可能有些人会觉得jni技术破坏了Java语言的跨平台性,有这种想法可能是因为你对java理解得还不够深,如果你看看jdk源码,你会发现在jdk里面大量使用了jni技术,而且java虚拟机就是用本地语言写的,所以导致jvm并不能跨平台性,所以说java的跨平台性并不是100%的跨平台的。相反你应该看到使用Jni的优势:
1、因为C/C++语言本来机比java语言诞生早,所以很多库代码都是使用C/C++写的,有了Jni我们就可以直接使用了,不用重复造轮子。
2、不可否认,C/C++执行效率比java 高,对于一些对效率有要求的功能,必须使用C/C++.
由于打算研究android 中java层和native层是如何连接起来的,所以想研究一下Android中的jni技术(在阅读之前,最好了解jni中的基本知识,如jni中数据类型,签名格式,不然看起来可能有些吃力),由于工作和MediaPlayer有关,这里就使用MediaPlayer为例吧。
当我们的app要播放视频的时候,我们使用的是java层的MediaPlayer类,我们进入到MediaPlayer.java看看(提醒:我这里使用的是源码4.1)
主要注意的有两点:
1、静态代码块:
static {
System.loadLibrary(media_jni);
native_init();
}
2、native_init的签名:
private static native final void native_init();
看到静态代码块后,我们可以知道MediaPlayer对应的jni层代码在Media_jni.so库中
本地层对应的so库是libmedia.so,所以MediaPlayer.java通过Media_jni.so和MediaPlayer.cpp(libmedia.so)进行交互
下面我们就深入到细节吧。不过在深入细节前,我先要告诉你一个规则,在Android中,通常java层类和jni层类的名字有如下关系,拿MediaPlayer为例,java层叫android.media.MediaPlayer.java,那么jni层叫做android_media_MediaPlayer.cpp
由于native_init是一个本地方法,那么我们就到android_media_MediaPlayer.cpp找到native_init的对应方法吧
static void
android_media_MediaPlayer_native_init(JNIEnv *env)
{
jclass clazz;
clazz = env->FindClass(android/media/MediaPlayer);
if (clazz == NULL) {
return;
}
fields.context = env->GetFieldID(clazz, mNativeContext, I);
if (fields.context == NULL) {
return;
}
fields.post_event = env->GetStaticMethodID(clazz, postEventFromNative,
(Ljava/lang/Object;IIILjava/lang/Object;)V);
if (fields.post_event == NULL) {
return;
}
fields.surface_texture = env->GetFieldID(clazz, mNativeSurfaceTexture, I);
if (fields.surface_texture == NULL) {
return;
}
}
对应上面的代码,如果你对java中的反射理解得很透彻的话,其实很好理解,首先找到java层的MediaPlayer的Class对象,jclass是java层Class在native层的代码,然后分别保存mNaviceContext字段,postEventFromNative方法,mNativeSurfaceTexture字段。
其实这里我最想说明的是另外一个问题,就是MediaPlayer中的native_init方法时如何跟android_media_MediaPlayer.cpp中的android_media_MediaPlayer_native_init对应起来的,因为我们知道如果使用javah自动生成的头文件,那么在jni层的名字应该是java_android_media_MediaPlayer_native_linit。其实这里涉及到一个动态注册的过程。
其实在java层代用System.loadLibrary成功后,就会调用jni文件中的JNI_onLoad方法,android_media_MediaPlayer.cpp中的JNI_onLoad方法如下(截取部分)
jint JNI_OnLoad(JavaVM* vm, void* reserved)
{
JNIEnv* env = NULL;
jint result = -1;
if (vm->GetEnv((void**) &env, JNI_VERSION_1_4) != JNI_OK) {
ALOGE(ERROR: GetEnv failed
);
goto bail;
}
assert(env != NULL);
if (register_android_media_MediaPlayer(env) < 0) {
ALOGE(ERROR: MediaPlayer native registration failed
);
goto bail;
}
/* success -- return valid version number */
result = JNI_VERSION_1_4;
bail:
return result;
}
这里有一个方法叫做register_android_media_MediaPlayer,我们进入此方法,看看注册了什么
static int register_android_media_MediaPlayer(JNIEnv *env)
{
return AndroidRuntime::registerNativeMethods(env,
android/media/MediaPlayer, gMethods, NELEM(gMethods));
}
这里就是调用了AndroidRuntime提供的registerNativeMethods方法,这里涉及到一个gMethods的变量,它其实是一个结构体
typedef struct {
const char* name;
const char* signature;
void* fnPtr;
} JNINativeMethod;
name:就是在java层方法名称
signature:就是方法在签名
fnPtr:在jni层对应的函数名称
,那么我们找到native_init在gMethods对应的值吧
static JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
{
_setDataSource,
(Ljava/lang/String;[Ljava/lang/String;[Ljava/lang/String;)V,
(void *)android_media_MediaPlayer_setDataSourceAndHeaders
},
....
{native_init, ()V, (void *)android_media_MediaPlayer_native_init},
...
};
接下来,我们看看AndroidRuntime中的registerNativeMethods做了什么吧
/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::registerNativeMethods(JNIEnv* env,
const char* className, const JNINativeMethod* gMethods, int numMethods)
{
return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, className, gMethods, numMethods);
}
调用了jniRegisterNativeMethods
20
extern C int jniRegisterNativeMethods(C_JNIEnv* env, const char* className,
const JNINativeMethod* gMethods, int numMethods)
{
JNIEnv* e = reinterpret_cast<jnienv*>(env);
ALOGV(Registering %s natives, className);
scoped_local_ref<jclass> c(env, findClass(env, className));
if (c.get() == NULL) {
ALOGE(Native registration unable to find class ‘%s‘, aborting, className);
abort();
}
if ((*env)->RegisterNatives(e, c.get(), gMethods, numMethods) < 0) {
ALOGE(RegisterNatives failed for ‘%s‘, aborting, className);
abort();
}
return 0;
}</jclass></jnienv*>
最终调用了env的RegisterNativers完成了注册。
其实写到这里,我们已经知道了java层和jni是如何联系起来的,接下来我想说的是jni是如何将java层和native联系起来的,还是用MediaPlayer为例吧,我们进入MediaPlayer的构造函数。
public MediaPlayer() {
Looper looper;
if ((looper = Looper.myLooper()) != null) {
mEventHandler = new EventHandler(this, looper);
} else if ((looper = Looper.getMainLooper()) != null) {
mEventHandler = new EventHandler(this, looper);
} else {
mEventHandler = null;
}
/* Native setup requires a weak reference to our object.
* It‘s easier to create it here than in C++.
*/
native_setup(new WeakReference<mediaplayer>(this));
}</mediaplayer>
这里创建了一个mEventHandler对象,并调用了native_setup方法,我们进入到android_media_MediaPlayer.cpp的对应方法看看
static void
android_media_MediaPlayer_native_setup(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz, jobject weak_this)
{
ALOGV(native_setup);
sp<mediaplayer> mp = new MediaPlayer();
if (mp == NULL) {
jniThrowException(env, java/lang/RuntimeException, Out of memory);
return;
}
// create new listener and give it to MediaPlayer
sp<jnimediaplayerlistener> listener = new JNIMediaPlayerListener(env, thiz, weak_this);
mp->setListener(listener);
// Stow our new C++ MediaPlayer in an opaque field in the Java object.
setMediaPlayer(env, thiz, mp);
}</jnimediaplayerlistener></mediaplayer>
这里创建了一个本地MediaPlayer对象,并且设置了listener,(如果做过播放器的同学应该知道这个listener应该知道干啥,不知道也没关系),最后调用了setMediaPlayer方法,这个才是我们需要关注的。
static sp<mediaplayer> setMediaPlayer(JNIEnv* env, jobject thiz, const sp<mediaplayer>& player)
{
Mutex::Autolock l(sLock);
sp<mediaplayer> old = (MediaPlayer*)env->GetIntField(thiz, fields.context);
if (player.get()) {
player->incStrong(thiz);
}
if (old != 0) {
old->decStrong(thiz);
}
env->SetIntField(thiz, fields.context, (int)player.get());
return old;
}</mediaplayer></mediaplayer></mediaplayer>
其实就是先拿到fields.context的对应的值,还记得这个这个值是什么吗,不记得的可以回到上面看看
fields.context = env->GetFieldID(clazz, mNativeContext, I);
其实就是java层mNativeContext对应的值,就是将本地MediaPlayer的地址存放到mNativeContext中。
现在加入我们要播放一个本地Mp4视频,那么使用如下代码即可
mediaPlayer.setDataSource(/mnt/sdcard/a.mp4);
mediaPlayer.setDisplay(surface1.getHolder());
mediaPlayer.prepare();
mediaPlayer.start();
其实这里调用的 几个都是本地方法,这里我就是用prepare方法为例,讲解MediaPlaeyr.java和MediaPlayer.cpp的交互
当在java层调用prepare方法时,在jni层会调用如下方法
static void
android_media_MediaPlayer_prepare(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz)
{
sp<mediaplayer> mp = getMediaPlayer(env, thiz);
if (mp == NULL ) {
jniThrowException(env, java/lang/IllegalStateException, NULL);
return;
}
// Handle the case where the display surface was set before the mp was
// initialized. We try again to make it stick.
sp<isurfacetexture> st = getVideoSurfaceTexture(env, thiz);
mp->setVideoSurfaceTexture(st);
process_media_player_call( env, thiz, mp->prepare(), java/io/IOException, Prepare failed. );
}</isurfacetexture></mediaplayer>
这里通过getMediaPlayer方法拿到本地的MediaPlayer对象,调用调用本地方法process_media_player_call,并将本地MediaPlayer调用parepare方法的结果传递给此方法。
static void process_media_player_call(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz, status_t opStatus, const char* exception, const char *message)
{
if (exception == NULL) { // Don‘t throw exception. Instead, send an event.
if (opStatus != (status_t) OK) {
sp<mediaplayer> mp = getMediaPlayer(env, thiz);
if (mp != 0) mp->notify(MEDIA_ERROR, opStatus, 0);
}
} else { // Throw exception!
if ( opStatus == (status_t) INVALID_OPERATION ) {
jniThrowException(env, java/lang/IllegalStateException, NULL);
} else if ( opStatus == (status_t) PERMISSION_DENIED ) {
jniThrowException(env, java/lang/SecurityException, NULL);
} else if ( opStatus != (status_t) OK ) {
if (strlen(message) > 230) {
// if the message is too long, don‘t bother displaying the status code
jniThrowException( env, exception, message);
} else {
char msg[256];
// append the status code to the message
sprintf(msg, %s: status=0x%X, message, opStatus);
jniThrowException( env, exception, msg);
}
}
}
}</mediaplayer>
在这个里面根据prepare返回的状态,如果exception==null 并且prepare执行失败,测试不抛异常,而是调用本地MediaPlayer的notify方法。
void MediaPlayer::notify(int msg, int ext1, int ext2, const Parcel *obj)
{
ALOGV(message received msg=%d, ext1=%d, ext2=%d, msg, ext1, ext2);
bool send = true;
bool locked = false;
...
switch (msg) {
case MEDIA_NOP: // interface test message
break;
case MEDIA_PREPARED:
ALOGV(prepared);
mCurrentState = MEDIA_PLAYER_PREPARED;
if (mPrepareSync) {
ALOGV(signal application thread);
mPrepareSync = false;
mPrepareStatus = NO_ERROR;
mSignal.signal();
}
break;
case MEDIA_PLAYBACK_COMPLETE:
ALOGV(playback complete);
if (mCurrentState == MEDIA_PLAYER_IDLE) {
ALOGE(playback complete in idle state);
}
if (!mLoop) {
mCurrentState = MEDIA_PLAYER_PLAYBACK_COMPLETE;
}
break;
case MEDIA_ERROR:
// Always log errors.
// ext1: Media framework error code.
// ext2: Implementation dependant error code.
ALOGE(error (%d, %d), ext1, ext2);
mCurrentState = MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_ERROR;
if (mPrepareSync)
{
ALOGV(signal application thread);
mPrepareSync = false;
mPrepareStatus = ext1;
mSignal.signal();
send = false;
}
break;
case MEDIA_INFO:
// ext1: Media framework error code.
// ext2: Implementation dependant error code.
if (ext1 != MEDIA_INFO_VIDEO_TRACK_LAGGING) {
ALOGW(info/warning (%d, %d), ext1, ext2);
}
break;
case MEDIA_SEEK_COMPLETE:
ALOGV(Received seek complete);
if (mSeekPosition != mCurrentPosition) {
ALOGV(Executing queued seekTo(%d), mSeekPosition);
mSeekPosition = -1;
seekTo_l(mCurrentPosition);
}
else {
ALOGV(All seeks complete - return to regularly scheduled program);
mCurrentPosition = mSeekPosition = -1;
}
break;
case MEDIA_BUFFERING_UPDATE:
ALOGV(buffering %d, ext1);
break;
case MEDIA_SET_VIDEO_SIZE:
ALOGV(New video size %d x %d, ext1, ext2);
mVideoWidth = ext1;
mVideoHeight = ext2;
break;
case MEDIA_TIMED_TEXT:
ALOGV(Received timed text message);
break;
default:
ALOGV(unrecognized message: (%d, %d, %d), msg, ext1, ext2);
break;
}
sp<mediaplayerlistener> listener = mListener;
if (locked) mLock.unlock();
// this prevents re-entrant calls into client code
if ((listener != 0) && send) {
Mutex::Autolock _l(mNotifyLock);
ALOGV(callback application);
listener->notify(msg, ext1, ext2, obj);
ALOGV(back from callback);
}
}</mediaplayerlistener>
做过播放器的同学应该对上面几个消息都不陌生吧,由于刚才调用prepare方法失败了,所以这里应该执行MEDIA_ERROR分支,最后调用listener的notify代码,这个listener就是在native_setup中设置的
void JNIMediaPlayerListener::notify(int msg, int ext1, int ext2, const Parcel *obj)
{
JNIEnv *env = AndroidRuntime::getJNIEnv();
if (obj && obj->dataSize() > 0) {
jobject jParcel = createJavaParcelObject(env);
if (jParcel != NULL) {
Parcel* nativeParcel = parcelForJavaObject(env, jParcel);
nativeParcel->setData(obj->data(), obj->dataSize());
env->CallStaticVoidMethod(mClass, fields.post_event, mObject,
msg, ext1, ext2, jParcel);
}
} else {
env->CallStaticVoidMethod(mClass, fields.post_event, mObject,
msg, ext1, ext2, NULL);
}
if (env->ExceptionCheck()) {
ALOGW(An exception occurred while notifying an event.);
LOGW_EX(env);
env->ExceptionClear();
}
}
还记得fields.post_event保存的是什么吗
fields.post_event = env->GetStaticMethodID(clazz, postEventFromNative,
(Ljava/lang/Object;IIILjava/lang/Object;)V);
就是java层MediaPlayer的postEventFromNative方法,也就是说如果播放出错了,那么就通过调用postEventFromNative方法来告诉java层的MediaPlayer。
private static void postEventFromNative(Object mediaplayer_ref,
int what, int arg1, int arg2, Object obj)
{
MediaPlayer mp = (MediaPlayer)((WeakReference)mediaplayer_ref).get();
if (mp == null) {
return;
}
if (what == MEDIA_INFO && arg1 == MEDIA_INFO_STARTED_AS_NEXT) {
// this acquires the wakelock if needed, and sets the client side state
mp.start();
}
if (mp.mEventHandler != null) {
Message m = mp.mEventHandler.obtainMessage(what, arg1, arg2, obj);
mp.mEventHandler.sendMessage(m);
}
}
这个时间最终通过mEventHandler处理,也就是在我们app进程中处理这个错误。
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