man 命令详解
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Linux中会经常用到man命令，但是有些功能键以及手册分页自己容易搞不清楚容易忘记，特在此处记录下来，方便以后查阅：
一、man手册的多个section，通常使用man命令的时候，会按照预先默认的搜索路径和顺序去搜索文档，如果我们制定了section，就会只显示出制定section的文档页内容：
例如：man 5 passwd 和man passwd 会显示不同的帮助页。
| section | name | name翻译 | explain |
| 1 | User Commands | 用户命令 | 用户可以操作的指令 |
| 2 | System Calls | 系统调用 | 内核提供的函数 |
| 3 | C Library Functions | 库调用 | 常用的函数库 |
| 4 | Devices and Special Files | 特殊文件 | 通常是在/dev目录下的文件 |
| 5 | File Formats and Conventions | 文件格式 | 对一些文件进行解释 |
| 6 | Games et. Al. | 游戏 | 游戏 |
| 7 | Miscellanea | 杂项 | 例如 宏命令包、协定等 |
| 8 | System Administration tools and Deamons | 系统管理员命令 | 只有系统管理员可以使用的命令 |
| 9 | Kernel routines | 内核相关的文件 | 内核相关的文件 |
| n | new | 新文档 | 新的、尚未归入1-9section的帮助文档 |
| 0 | old | 老文档 | 可能会在一段时间内保留的老文档 |
| l | local | 本地文档 | 与本特定系统有关的文档 |
二、man命令的配置文件存放地点在 /etc/man.config，我们可以查看man 5 man.config 的帮助信息。
man.config里面的内容主要是MANPATH(man帮助文件存放的路径)和MANSECT(man搜索的顺序)两个参数，其他建议使用默认值。
三、man命令日常用的一些操作快捷命令，以及常用参数
1.获取man的帮助，在man页面输入 h H 获得帮助，
快捷键：
| 上翻整页 | b 、[Ctrl+B]、[ESC+V] |
| 上翻半页 | u 、[Ctrl+U] |
| 下翻整页 | f 、[Ctrl+F] 、 [Ctrl+V]、 SPACE |
| 下翻半页 | d 、[Ctrl+D] |
| 上一行 | y 、[Ctrl+Y] 、k、 [Ctrl+K] 、[Ctrl+P] |
| 下一行 | e、[Ctrl+E]、j 、[Ctrl+N]、[Enter] |
2.查找帮助 使用 / String 向下搜索String关键字、？String 向上搜索String关键字，n键继续向下搜索、N键反向搜索。
3.书签功能 想把帮助页的某个位置记录下来方便以后查阅，在man界面按下m键，再输入书签名letter即可。如果需要定位到书签页，就输入 ‘letter。(注意，在书签名前面需加 单引号)。
4.可以在man界面执行shell，如果在shell界面，临时需要查阅man帮助，为了方便边看man帮助，边进行shell脚本的编写，就可以使用 ![脚本] ，例如：在man界面输入 !echo ‘who are you? ‘即可。
5.退出功能，按 q :q Q :Q ZZ 都可以退出，我们常用q 。
四、常用的man参数
man -a：搜索并打开所有man中同名帮助，例如 man passwd ，你首先会进入一个PASSWD(1) section用户命令类的帮助手册，你再按q键退出当前正在显示的帮助手册，就会进入PASSWD(5) section文件格式类的帮助手册。
man -aw：显示所有手册文件的路径。例如man -aw passwd
/usr/share/man/man1/passwd.1.gz /usr/share/man/man5/passwd.5.gz
man -M：指定手册文件的搜索路径，有的时候我们自己安装的软件是带有自己的帮助文件的，通常不在我们的MANPATH 里面，那么我们就可以手动指定man搜索的文件路径。如 man -M /home/mysql/man mysql 显示的就是你安装的mysql的帮助，而不是系统默认的旧版mysql的帮助。
man -k：根据关键字搜索联机帮助，是一种模糊搜索。例如要查找"passwd"相关的信息，使用man -k passwd会找到很多和passwd相关的帮助页。
man -f：关键字精确搜索，与-k不同，它只搜索与关键字完全匹配的帮助页
更多的详细文档用 h 获取，或者man man 。
SUMMARY OF LESS COMMANDS
Commands marked with * may be preceded by a number, N.
Notes in parentheses indicate the behavior if N is given.
h H Display this help.
q :q Q :Q ZZ Exit.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
MOVING
e ^E j ^N CR * Forward one line (or N lines).
y ^Y k ^K ^P * Backward one line (or N lines).
f ^F ^V SPACE * Forward one window (or N lines).
b ^B ESC-v * Backward one window (or N lines).
z * Forward one window (and set window to N).
w * Backward one window (and set window to N).
ESC-SPACE * Forward one window, but don‘t stop at end-of-file.
d ^D * Forward one half-window (and set half-window to N).
u ^U * Backward one half-window (and set half-window to N).
ESC-) RightArrow * Left one half screen width (or N positions).
ESC-( LeftArrow * Right one half screen width (or N positions).
F Forward forever; like "tail -f".
r ^R ^L Repaint screen.
R Repaint screen, discarding buffered input.
---------------------------------------------------
Default "window" is the screen height.
Default "half-window" is half of the screen height.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
SEARCHING
/pattern * Search forward for (N-th) matching line.
?pattern * Search backward for (N-th) matching line.
n * Repeat previous search (for N-th occurrence).
N * Repeat previous search in reverse direction.
ESC-n * Repeat previous search, spanning files.
ESC-N * Repeat previous search, reverse dir. & spanning files.
ESC-u Undo (toggle) search highlighting.
&pattern * Display only matching lines
---------------------------------------------------
Search patterns may be modified by one or more of:
^N or ! Search for NON-matching lines.
^E or * Search multiple files (pass thru END OF FILE).
^F or @ Start search at FIRST file (for /) or last file (for ?).
^K Highlight matches, but don‘t move (KEEP position).
^R Don‘t use REGULAR EXPRESSIONS.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
JUMPING
g < ESC-< * Go to first line in file (or line N).
G > ESC-> * Go to last line in file (or line N).
p % * Go to beginning of file (or N percent into file).
t * Go to the (N-th) next tag.
T * Go to the (N-th) previous tag.
{ ( [ * Find close bracket } ) ].
} ) ] * Find open bracket { ( [.
ESC-^F <c1> <c2> * Find close bracket <c2>.
ESC-^B <c1> <c2> * Find open bracket <c1>
---------------------------------------------------
Each "find close bracket" command goes forward to the close bracket
matching the (N-th) open bracket in the top line.
Each "find open bracket" command goes backward to the open bracket
matching the (N-th) close bracket in the bottom line.
m<letter> Mark the current position with <letter>.
‘<letter> Go to a previously marked position.
‘‘ Go to the previous position.
^X^X Same as ‘.
---------------------------------------------------
A mark is any upper-case or lower-case letter.
Certain marks are predefined:
^ means beginning of the file
$ means end of the file
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHANGING FILES
:e [file] Examine a new file.
^X^V Same as :e.
:n * Examine the (N-th) next file from the command line.
:p * Examine the (N-th) previous file from the command line.
:x * Examine the first (or N-th) file from the command line.
:d Delete the current file from the command line list.
= ^G :f Print current file name.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS
-<flag> Toggle a command line option [see OPTIONS below].
--<name> Toggle a command line option, by name.
_<flag> Display the setting of a command line option.
__<name> Display the setting of an option, by name.
+cmd Execute the less cmd each time a new file is examined.
!command Execute the shell command with $SHELL.
|Xcommand Pipe file between current pos & mark X to shell command.
v Edit the current file with $VISUAL or $EDITOR.
V Print version number of "less".
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
OPTIONS
Most options may be changed either on the command line,
or from within less by using the - or -- command.
Options may be given in one of two forms: either a single
character preceded by a -, or a name preceeded by --.
-? ........ --help
Display help (from command line).
-a ........ --search-skip-screen
Forward search skips current screen.
-b [N] .... --buffers=[N]
Number of buffers.
-B ........ --auto-buffers
Don‘t automatically allocate buffers for pipes.
-c -C .... --clear-screen --CLEAR-SCREEN
Repaint by clearing rather than scrolling.
-d ........ --dumb
Dumb terminal.
-D [xn.n] . --color=xn.n
Set screen colors. (MS-DOS only)
-e -E .... --quit-at-eof --QUIT-AT-EOF
Quit at end of file.
-f ........ --force
Force open non-regular files.
-F ........ --quit-if-one-screen
Quit if entire file fits on first screen.
-g ........ --hilite-search
Highlight only last match for searches.
-G ........ --HILITE-SEARCH
Don‘t highlight any matches for searches.
-h [N] .... --max-back-scroll=[N]
Backward scroll limit.
-i ........ --ignore-case
Ignore case in searches that do not contain uppercase.
-I ........ --IGNORE-CASE
Ignore case in all searches.
-j [N] .... --jump-target=[N]
Screen position of target lines.
-J ........ --status-column
Display a status column at left edge of screen.
-k [file] . --lesskey-file=[file]
Use a lesskey file.
-L ........ --no-lessopen
Ignore the LESSOPEN environment variable.
-m -M .... --long-prompt --LONG-PROMPT
Set prompt style.
-n ........ --line-numbers
Don‘t use line numbers.
-N ........ --LINE-NUMBERS
Use line numbers.
-o [file] . --log-file=[file]
Copy to log file (standard input only).
-O [file] . --LOG-FILE=[file]
Copy to log file (unconditionally overwrite).
-p [pattern] --pattern=[pattern]
Start at pattern (from command line).
-P [prompt] --prompt=[prompt]
Define new prompt.
-q -Q .... --quiet --QUIET --silent --SILENT
Quiet the terminal bell.
-r -R .... --raw-control-chars --RAW-CONTROL-CHARS
Output "raw" control characters.
-s ........ --squeeze-blank-lines
Squeeze multiple blank lines.
-S ........ --chop-long-lines
Chop long lines.
-t [tag] .. --tag=[tag]
Find a tag.
-T [tagsfile] --tag-file=[tagsfile]
Use an alternate tags file.
-u -U .... --underline-special --UNDERLINE-SPECIAL
Change handling of backspaces.
-V ........ --version
Display the version number of "less".
-w ........ --hilite-unread
Highlight first new line after forward-screen.
-W ........ --HILITE-UNREAD
Highlight first new line after any forward movement.
-x [N[,...]] --tabs=[N[,...]]
Set tab stops.
-X ........ --no-init
Don‘t use termcap init/deinit strings.
--no-keypad
Don‘t use termcap keypad init/deinit strings.
-y [N] .... --max-forw-scroll=[N]
Forward scroll limit.
-z [N] .... --window=[N]
Set size of window.
-" [c[c]] . --quotes=[c[c]]
Set shell quote characters.
-~ ........ --tilde
Don‘t display tildes after end of file.
-# [N] .... --shift=[N]
Horizontal scroll amount (0 = one half screen width)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
LINE EDITING
These keys can be used to edit text being entered
on the "command line" at the bottom of the screen.
RightArrow ESC-l Move cursor right one character.
LeftArrow ESC-h Move cursor left one character.
CNTL-RightArrow ESC-RightArrow ESC-w Move cursor right one word.
CNTL-LeftArrow ESC-LeftArrow ESC-b Move cursor left one word.
HOME ESC-0 Move cursor to start of line.
END ESC-$ Move cursor to end of line.
BACKSPACE Delete char to left of cursor.
DELETE ESC-x Delete char under cursor.
CNTL-BACKSPACE ESC-BACKSPACE Delete word to left of cursor.
CNTL-DELETE ESC-DELETE ESC-X Delete word under cursor.
CNTL-U ESC (MS-DOS only) Delete entire line.
UpArrow ESC-k Retrieve previous command line.
DownArrow ESC-j Retrieve next command line.
TAB Complete filename & cycle.
SHIFT-TAB ESC-TAB Complete filename & reverse cycle.
CNTL-L Complete filename, list all.本文出自 “Richy的运维日志” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://richylu.blog.51cto.com/1481674/1857837
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