Django 基础
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创建项目
创建app python manager.py startapp app01
修改、添加url
from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import urls as bookurls
urlpatterns = [
url(r\'^admin/\', admin.site.urls),
url(r\'^book/\', include(bookurls)),
]
#待会在app01添加二级URL目录，事先导入 app01 的url 重命名为bookurls，只要访问book的url全部转给app01下目录下的url文件#处理
app01的url
from django.conf.urls import url,include from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [ url(r\'^$\', views.index), ]
修改添加views
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,HttpResponseRedirect
# Create your views here.
def index(request):
return render(request,"index.html")
#render 渲染 到index.html页面，注意两个参数，一个request，一个字符串
#HttpResponse 返回写的字符串内容
添加模版 index.html
添加 models
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Publisher(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32,unique=True)
address = models.CharField(max_length=32)
def __str__(self):
return "<%s>" %(self.name)
class Author(models.Model):
first_name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
last_name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
email = models.EmailField()
def __str__(self):
return "<%s %s>" %(self.first_name,self.last_name)
class Book(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=128)
authors = models.ManyToManyField(Author)
publisher = models.ForeignKey(Publisher)
publisher_date = models.TimeField()
#以上使用 def __str__(self)的作用
#添加这个是为了，让这个表里的内容显示正常不然显示的是XXXobject
修改settings，在里面添加app01
同步数据库 python manager.py makemigrations python manager.py migrate
修改注册admin
from django.contrib import admin # Register your models here. from app01 import models admin.site.register(models.Author) admin.site.register(models.Publisher) admin.site.register(models.Book)
以上没有定义 template index.html文件 访问用的django自带的admin 记得创建用户
python manager.py createsupersuer
基础二：
简单实现 后台数据简单的展示到前端
views先定义需要展现的内容
def index(request):
user_info = [
{\'username\':\'alex\',\'name\':\'ALEX LI\'},
{\'username\':\'2alex\',\'name\':\'2ALEX LI\'},
{\'username\':\'3alex\',\'name\':\'3ALEX LI\'},
{\'username\':\'4alex\',\'name\':\'4ALEX LI\'},
]
return render(request,"index.html",{"user_obj":user_info})
# return render(request,"index.html")
编辑index.html文件 使用jinjia2模版语言
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
{{ user_obj }}
{# <form action="">#}
{# <input><button type="submit">SUB</button>#}
{# </form>#}
</body>
</html>
数据展现之从数据库读取数据展现到前端【记得修改url 添加 url(r\'^booklist\', views.book), 】
views
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,HttpResponseRedirect
from app01 import models
# Create your views here.
def index(request):
user_info = [
{\'username\':\'alex\',\'name\':\'ALEX LI\'},
{\'username\':\'2alex\',\'name\':\'2ALEX LI\'},
{\'username\':\'3alex\',\'name\':\'3ALEX LI\'},
{\'username\':\'4alex\',\'name\':\'4ALEX LI\'},
]
return render(request,"index.html",{"user_obj":user_info})
# return render(request,"index.html")
def book(request):
books = models.Book.objects.all()
if request.method ==\'POST\':
print(request.POST)
return render(request,\'book.html\',{\'books\':books})
# return render(request,\'book.html\',{\'books\':books})这句话是渲染到book页面，把从数据库取出来的值通过jinja2模版传到前端
book
<body>
<ul>
{% for book in books %}
<li>{{ book.name }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
<form method="post" action="/book/booklist/"> {% csrf_token %}
book name:<input type="text" name="name">
<input type="submit" value="创建新书">
</form>
</body>
#如果想在后台展示，必须加 name=“XXX”的字段，不然后头不显示提交的数据
后台会出现提交的内容如下
把提交的内容放入数据库，并在前端展示
def book(request):
if request.method ==\'POST\':
bookname = request.POST.get(\'name\')
print(bookname)
new_book = models.Book(name=bookname,
publisher_id = 1,
publisher_date = \'11:12:12\'
)
new_book.save()
books = models.Book.objects.all()
return render(request,\'book.html\',{\'books\':books})
待续......
具体的代码实例参见 https://github.com/mumulizi/day16djangoHomework
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