马哥运维班第七周作业
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1、创建一个10G分区，并格式为ext4文件系统；
(1) 要求其block大小为2048, 预留空间百分比为2, 卷标为MYDATA, 默认挂载属性包含acl；
(2) 挂载至/data/mydata目录，要求挂载时禁止程序自动运行，且不更新文件的访问时间戳；
#fdisk：分区管理 [[email protected] shell]# fdisk /dev/sda Command (m for help): m #下面是fdisk的一些选项，我只注释了常用的几个选项 Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition //删除分区 l list known partition types //显示文件类型 m print this menu n add a new partition //增加新分区 o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table //显示分区列表 q quit without saving changes //不保存直接退出 s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition‘s system id //修改某分区的文件系统类型 u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit //保存修改并退出 x extra functionality (experts only) #p:显示分区列表 #可以看出sd 1-3是主分区，sd4是扩展分区，sd5是建立在扩展分区上的逻辑分区 Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000ba764 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 39 307200 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 39 2358 18631680 83 Linux /dev/sda3 2358 2611 2031616 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda4 2611 6527 31456607+ 5 Extended /dev/sda5 2611 5222 20974163+ 83 Linux #n：创建新分区 #由于我的主分区已全部使用，所以我直接建逻辑分区 Command (m for help): n #起始柱面，可以数字指定，我这里直接回车默认起始柱面，不浪费空间 First cylinder (5223-6527, default 5223): Using default value 5223 #结束柱面，+10G，指定为起始柱面后10G Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (5223-6527, default 6527): +10G #好尴尬哦，超出范围了。别慌，此刻关机，然后硬盘->扩展，增大磁盘空间 Value out of range. #我就是这么懒。。大小改为2G，哈哈 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (5223-6527, default 6527): +2G #查看是否添加成功，p显示，可以看到sd6已创建好 Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000ba764 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 39 307200 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 39 2358 18631680 83 Linux /dev/sda3 2358 2611 2031616 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda4 2611 6527 31456607+ 5 Extended /dev/sda5 2611 5222 20974163+ 83 Linux /dev/sda6 5223 5484 2104483+ 83 Linux #w：记得保存哦 Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy. The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8) Syncing disks. #查看内核是否已经识别该分区，还没有 [[email protected] shell]# cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 8 0 52428800 sda 8 1 307200 sda1 8 2 18631680 sda2 8 3 2031616 sda3 8 4 1 sda4 8 5 20974163 sda5 #partx:通知内核重新读取硬盘分区表 [[email protected] shell]# partx -a /dev/sda BLKPG: Device or resource busy error adding partition 1 BLKPG: Device or resource busy error adding partition 2 BLKPG: Device or resource busy error adding partition 3 BLKPG: Device or resource busy error adding partition 4 BLKPG: Device or resource busy error adding partition 5 [[email protected] shell]# partx -a /dev/sda BLKPG: Device or resource busy error adding partition 1 BLKPG: Device or resource busy error adding partition 2 BLKPG: Device or resource busy error adding partition 3 BLKPG: Device or resource busy error adding partition 4 BLKPG: Device or resource busy error adding partition 5 BLKPG: Device or resource busy error adding partition 6 [[email protected] shell]# cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 8 0 52428800 sda 8 1 307200 sda1 8 2 18631680 sda2 8 3 2031616 sda3 8 4 1 sda4 8 5 20974163 sda5 8 6 2104483 sda6 [[email protected] shell]# mke2fs -b 2048 -m 2 -L "MYDATA" -t ext4 /dev/sda6 mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label=MYDATA OS type: Linux Block size=2048 (log=1) Fragment size=2048 (log=1) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 131560 inodes, 1052240 blocks 21044 blocks (2.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=538968064 65 block groups 16384 blocks per group, 16384 fragments per group 2024 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 16384, 49152, 81920, 114688, 147456, 409600, 442368, 802816 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 34 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. #创建挂载目录 [[email protected] shell]# mkdir -p /data/mydata #挂载 [[email protected] shell]# mount -o noexec,noatime,acl -t ext4 /dev/sda6 /data/mydata
2、创建一个大小为1G的swap分区，并创建好文件系统，并启用之；
Command (m for help): n
First cylinder (5485-6527, default 5485):
Using default value 5485
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (5485-6527, default 6527): +1G
#l：显示所有文件类型，可以看到82是linux swap类型
Command (m for help): l
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext‘d (LBA) 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 64 Novell Netware af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 65 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 70 DiskSecure Mult b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1
#t：调整文件系统类型
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-7): 7
Hex code (type L to list codes): 82
Changed system type of partition 7 to 82 (Linux swap / Solaris)
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[[email protected] ~]# partx /dev/sda
# 1: 2048- 616447 ( 614400 sectors, 314 MB)
# 2: 616448- 37879807 ( 37263360 sectors, 19078 MB)
# 3: 37879808- 41943039 ( 4063232 sectors, 2080 MB)
# 4: 41943040-104856254 ( 62913215 sectors, 32211 MB)
# 5: 41943103- 83891429 ( 41948327 sectors, 21477 MB)
# 6: 83891493- 88100459 ( 4208967 sectors, 2154 MB)
# 7: 88100523- 90221039 ( 2120517 sectors, 1085 MB)
[[email protected] ~]# partx -a /dev/sda
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 1
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 2
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 3
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 4
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 5
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 6
[[email protected] ~]# partx -a /dev/sda
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 1
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 2
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 3
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 4
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 5
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 6
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 7
#mkswap 创建swap文件系统
[[email protected] ~]# mkswap /dev/sda7
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 1060252 KiB
no label, UUID=e21172dc-387a-418d-beb6-9d0d0c38f1793、写一个脚本
(1)、获取并列出当前系统上的所有磁盘设备；
(2)、显示每个磁盘设备上每个分区相关的空间使用信息；
[[email protected] week7]# cat third.sh #/bin/bash for i in $(fdisk -l | grep -o "^Disk /dev/sd[a-z]\>" | cut -d ‘ ‘ -f2);do df -h $i*; done [[email protected] week7]# ./third.sh Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on - 485M 256K 484M 1% /dev /dev/sda1 291M 34M 242M 13% /boot /dev/sda2 18G 9.2G 7.5G 56% / - 485M 256K 484M 1% /dev - 485M 256K 484M 1% /dev - 485M 256K 484M 1% /dev /dev/sda6 2.0G 74M 1.9G 4% /data/mydata - 485M 256K 484M 1% /dev
4、总结RAID的各个级别及其组合方式和性能的不同；
raid 0:将数据平均分配到每个磁盘中。读写性能提升，但没有容错能力。 raid 1：多个备份。数据被拷贝多份写在每个磁盘中。读性能提高，写性能降低。有容错能力，但磁盘空间利用率低。 raid 4：增加了一块校验分区。通过奇偶校验存储校验码，当其中一块存储块坏了，可以算出其中的值。有容错能力，写能力降低。 raid 5：也是奇偶校验，不过不是把校验码存储在单独的一个分区上。而是交换的存储在所有分区上。有容错能力，但只能坏一块磁盘分区，读写性能提升。 raid 6：根据两种不同算法算出两种校验码存储在两块不同的奇偶校验盘上，容错能力提升，但写两次校验码，写能力降低，空间利用率降低。 raid-10：先做raid1，再做raid0.读写性能提升，有容错能力。
5、创建一个大小为10G的RAID1，要求有一个空闲盘，而且CHUNK大小为128k;
[[email protected] ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md0 -n 2 -x 1 -l 1 -c 256 /dev/sda{8,9,10} mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and may not be suitable as a boot device. If you plan to store ‘/boot‘ on this device please ensure that your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use --metadata=0.90 Continue creating array? n mdadm: create aborted. [[email protected] ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md0 -n 2 -x 1 -l 1 -c 256 -a yes /dev/sda{8,9,10} mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and may not be suitable as a boot device. If you plan to store ‘/boot‘ on this device please ensure that your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use --metadata=0.90 Continue creating array? y mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata mdadm: array /dev/md0 started. [[email protected] ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0 /dev/md0: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Sun Sep 25 22:49:32 2016 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 1059200 (1034.55 MiB 1084.62 MB) Used Dev Size : 1059200 (1034.55 MiB 1084.62 MB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 3 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Sun Sep 25 22:50:29 2016 State : clean Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 3 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 1 Name : localhost.localdomain:0 (local to host localhost.localdomain) UUID : bc9655fc:708e6986:1431473a:acb36dd5 Events : 17 , Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 8 0 active sync /dev/sda8 1 8 9 1 active sync /dev/sda9 2 8 10 - spare /dev/sda10
6、创建一个大小为4G的RAID5设备，chunk大小为256k，格式化ext4文件系统，要求可开机自动挂载至/backup目录，而且不更新访问时间戳，且支持acl功能；
[[email protected] ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md1 -n 3 -l 5 -c 256 /dev/sda{11,12,13} mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata mdadm: array /dev/md1 started. [[email protected] ~]# mount -o exec,noatime,acl -t ext4 /dev/md1 /backup mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/md1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so #格式化为ext4文件系统 [[email protected] ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md1 mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=64 blocks, Stripe width=128 blocks 132464 inodes, 529536 blocks 26476 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=545259520 17 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 7792 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (16384 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 34 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. #挂载 [[email protected] ~]# mount -o exec,noatime,acl -t ext4 /dev/md1 /backup
7、写一个脚本
(1) 接受一个以上文件路径作为参数；
(2) 显示每个文件拥有的行数；
(3) 总结说明本次共为几个文件统计了其行数；
[[email protected] week7]# ./seven.sh ~/shell/week7/seven.sh ~/shell/week7/third.sh /root/shell/week7/seven.sh has 16 lines /root/shell/week7/third.sh has 4 lines there are 2 files [[email protected] week7]# cat seven.sh #/bin/bash if [ $# -eq 0 ];then echo "args must greater than 0" exit 2 fi count=0 for filename in [email protected];do if [ ! -f $filename ];then echo "$filename is not a file or filepath is not correct" exit 3 fi lines=$(wc -l $filename | cut -d ‘ ‘ -f1) echo "$filename has $lines lines" let count++ done echo "there are $count files" #执行结果 [[email protected] week7]# ./seven.sh ~/shell/week7/seven.sh ~/shell/week7/third.sh /root/shell/week7/seven.sh has 16 lines /root/shell/week7/third.sh has 4 lines there are 2 files
8、写一个脚本
(1) 传递两个以上字符串当作用户名；
(2) 创建这些用户；且密码同用户名；
(3) 总结说明共创建了几个用户；
[[email protected] week7]# cat eight.sh #!/bin/bash if [ $# -lt 2 ];then echo "参数个数不能少于两个" exit 2 fi count=0 for i in [email protected];do username=$i grep "^$username" /etc/passwd &> /dev/null if [ $? -ne 0 ];then useradd $username let count++ fi echo $username | passwd --stdin $username > /dev/null done echo "一共创建了$count个用户" #执行结果，如果用户存在就不创建只修改密码，不存在则创建 [[email protected] week7]# ./eight.sh test1 test2 test3 一共创建了0个用户 [[email protected] week7]# ./eight.sh test4 test5 test6 一共创建了3个用户
9、写一个脚本，新建20个用户，visitor1-visitor20；计算他们的ID之和；
[[email protected] week7]# cat nine.th #!/bin/bash idsum=0 for i in $(seq 1 20);do username=visitor$i # 判断用户是否存在，不存在则创建用户 grep "^$username" /etc/passwd &> /dev/null if [ $? -ne 0 ];then useradd $username fi #获取每个用户的id idnum=$(id $username | grep -o "uid=[0-9]\+" | cut -d‘=‘ -f2) #累计id和 #shell数值运算：1.let sum=num1+num2 2.sum=$[num1+num2] 3.sum=$((num1+num2)) 4.sum=$(expr$num1 + $num2) idsum=$[idsum+$idnum] done echo "sum of id is $idsum" [[email protected] week7]# ./nine.th sum of id is 10650
10、写一脚本，分别统计/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit、/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions和/etc/fstab文件中以#号开头的行数之和，以及总的空白行数；
[[email protected] week7]# cat ten.sh #!/bin/bash #定义数组 declare -a declare -a array #数组赋值 #1.逐一赋值 array[0]="apple" array[1]="pear" array="banana" #2.统一赋值 array=("apple" "pear" "banana") 或者 array="apple pear banana" #3.上面两种混合赋值：array=([0]="apple" [2]="banana") #4.从标准输入流赋值 read -a array array[0]="/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit" array[1]="/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions" array[2]="/etc/fstab" #进入for循坏对数组中每个元素进行处理 #${#array[@]}：数组长度 for ((i=0;i<${#array[@]};i++));do #${array[i]}：取出数组第i个数据值 puncnum=$(grep "^#" ${array[i]} | wc -l) spacenum=$(grep "^$" ${array[i]} | wc -l) echo "${array[i]} has $puncnum lines of # and $spacenum lines of space" done #查看执行结果 [[email protected] week7]# ./ten.sh /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit has 44 lines of # and 96 lines of space /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions has 40 lines of # and 72 lines of space /etc/fstab has 7 lines of # and 1 lines of space
11、写一个脚本，显示当前系统上所有默认shell为bash的用户的用户名、UID以及此类所有用户的UID之和；
#呵呵哒，awk就是强大，没用脚本就完成任务了 [[email protected] week7]# grep "bash$" /etc/passwd | awk -F : ‘BEGIN{idsum=0} {print $1","$3;idsum=idsum+$3} END{print "sum of uid is "idsum}‘ root,0 nat,500 yannic,501 user1,502 user2,503 test1,504 hadoop,505 bash,508 testbash,509 basher,510 username,512 user10,513 user11,514 user12,515 user13,516 user14,517 user15,518 user16,519 user17,520 user18,521 user19,522 visitor1,523 visitor2,524 visitor3,525 visitor4,526 visitor5,527 visitor6,528 visitor7,529 visitor8,530 visitor9,531 visitor10,532 visitor11,533 visitor12,534 visitor13,535 visitor14,536 visitor15,537 visitor16,538 visitor17,539 visitor18,540 visitor19,541 visitor20,542 sum of uid is 20879
12、写一个脚本，显示当前系统上所有，拥有附加组的用户的用户名；并说明共有多少个此类用户；
[[email protected] week7]# cat twelve.sh #!/bin/bash count=0 echo -n "these users has supple groups : " for user in $(cut -d":" -f1 /etc/passwd);do id $user | grep "groups=.*," > /dev/null if [ $? -eq 0 ];then echo -n "$user " let count++ fi done echo echo "total amount of users has supple groups is $count" [[email protected] week7]# ./twelve.sh these users has supple groups : bin daemon adm postfix nat total amount of users has supple groups is 5
13、创建一个由至少两个物理卷组成的大小为20G的卷组；要求，PE大小为8M；而在卷组中创建一个大小为5G的逻辑卷mylv1，格式化为ext4文件系统，开机自动挂载至/users目录，支持acl；
#1.创建分区，并调整文件系统类型为8e（lvm） #2.创建pv [[email protected] week7]# pvcreate /dev/sda{6,7} [[email protected] week7]# pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda6 lvm2 a-- 2.01g 2.01g /dev/sda7 lvm2 a-- 1.01g 1.01g #3.创建卷组 #-s：指明PE大小 [[email protected] week7]# vgcreate -s 8M vg1 /dev/sda{6,7} Volume group "vg1" successfully created #4.创建逻辑卷 #-L：指定逻辑卷大小，我这里大小不够，就指定为1G啦 #-n：逻辑卷的名字 [[email protected] week7]# lvcreate -L 1G -n mylv1 vg1 Logical volume "mylv1" created [[email protected] week7]# lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/vg1/mylv1 LV Name mylv1 VG Name vg1 LV UUID YwWy6v-Mhpp-1sd8-emNY-DQ5W-LdWh-CDmx21 LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2016-09-26 08:38:47 -0700 LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 1.00 GiB Current LE 128 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:0 #5.挂载 #格式化文件系统 [[email protected] week7]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg1/mylv1 mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 65536 inodes, 262144 blocks 13107 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=268435456 8 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (8192 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 38 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. #在/etc/fstab 文件中增加一行 /dev/vg1/mylv1 /users ext4 defaults,acl 0 0
14、新建用户magedu；其家目录为/users/magedu，而后su切换至此用户，复制多个文件至家目录；
[[email protected] week7]# useradd -d /users/magedu magedu [[email protected] week7]# su - magedu
15、扩展mylv1至9G，确保扩展完成后原有数据完全可用；
#lvextend:扩展逻辑卷 #-L :size大小 3G表示扩展至3G，+3G：表示增加3G大小 [[email protected] ~]# lvextend -L 3G /dev/vg1/mylv1 Extending logical volume mylv1 to 3.00 GiB Logical volume mylv1 successfully resized #resize2fs:同步文件系统 [[email protected] ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg1/mylv1 resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem at /dev/vg1/mylv1 is mounted on /users; on-line resizing required old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 1 Performing an on-line resize of /dev/vg1/mylv1 to 786432 (4k) blocks. The filesystem on /dev/vg1/mylv1 is now 786432 blocks long.
16、缩减mylv1至7G，确保缩减完成后原有数据完全可用；
#1.先卸载 [[email protected] ~]# umount /dev/vg1/mylv1 #2.检测逻辑卷剩余空间 [[email protected] ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/mylv1 e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Pass 2: Checking directory structure Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity Pass 4: Checking reference counts Pass 5: Checking group summary information /dev/vg1/mylv1: 11/196608 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 20924/786432 blocks #3.将文件系统减少大小 [[email protected] ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg1/mylv1 2G #4.逻辑卷减少大小 [[email protected] ~]# lvreduce -L 2G /dev/vg1/mylv1 WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 2.00 GiB THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.) Do you really want to reduce mylv1? [y/n]: y Reducing logical volume mylv1 to 2.00 GiB Logical volume mylv1 successfully resized
17、对mylv1创建快照，并通过备份数据；要求保留原有的属主属组等信息；
[[email protected] ~]# lvcreate -L 1G -s -n lv1snapshot /dev/vg1/mylv1 Logical volume "lv1snapshot" created
这次作业做得比较潦草，最近比较忙，有些错误还有一些我也知道有问题的地方，后面我再回来改吧。不好意思～
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