初探ELK-filebeat使用小结

Posted 2020-08-09

初探ELK-filebeat使用小结

2016/9/18

一、安装
1、下载
有2种方式下载，推荐缓存rpm包到本地yum源
1）直接使用rpm
[[email protected] ~]# curl -L -O https://download.elastic.co/beats/filebeat/filebeat-1.3.1-x86_64.rpm

2）使用yum源
[[email protected] ~]# rpm --import https://packages.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/beats.repo
[beats]
name=Elastic Beats Repository
baseurl=https://packages.elastic.co/beats/yum/el/$basearch
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://packages.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch
gpgcheck=1

[[email protected] ~]# yum install logstash
[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig filebeat on


2、配置
【默认的配置】
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml |grep -Ev ‘^(#|  #|    #|      #|        #|$)‘
filebeat:
  prospectors:
    -
      paths:
        - /var/log/*.log
      input_type: log
  registry_file: /var/lib/filebeat/registry
output:
  elasticsearch:
    hosts: ["localhost:9200"]
shipper:
logging:
  files:
    rotateeverybytes: 10485760 # = 10MB



二、使用
1、测试环境（已经部署了服务）
客户端：10.50.200.49 nginx(www.test.com, www.work.com)
服务端：10.50.200.220 logstash, elasticsearch, kibana

2、场景1：只有1个域名/模糊匹配N个域名
目的：将匹配的 access 日志收集起来集中展示。
【客户端】
输入：filebeat
输出：logstash

[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml |grep -Ev ‘^(#|  #|    #|      #|        #|$)‘
filebeat:
  prospectors:
    -
      paths:
        - /var/log/nginx/access_*.log
      input_type: log
      document_type: NginxAccess
  registry_file: /var/lib/filebeat/registry
output:
  logstash:
    hosts: ["10.50.200.220:5044"]
shipper:
logging:
  files:
    rotateeverybytes: 10485760 # = 10MB

[[email protected] ~]# service filebeat restart


【服务端】
输入：logstash
输出：elasticsearch

配置自定义的 pattern
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /etc/logstash/patterns.d
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/logstash/patterns.d/extra_patterns
NGINXACCESS %{IPORHOST:clientip} \[%{HTTPDATE:timestamp}\] "%{WORD:verb} %{URIPATHPARAM:request} HTTP/%{NUMBER:httpversion}" (?:%{QS:content_type}|-) (?:%{QS:request_body}|-) (?:"(?:%{URI:referrer}|-)"|%{QS:referrer}) %{NUMBER:response} %{BASE16FLOAT:request_time} (?:%{NUMBER:bytes}|-)

调整 logstash 的配置，启用 filebeat 插件。
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/filebeat.conf
input {
    beats {
        port => "5044"
    }
}

filter {
    if[type] =~ "NginxAccess-" {
        grok {
            patterns_dir => ["/etc/logstash/patterns.d"]
            match => {
                "message" => "%{NGINXACCESS}"
            }
        }
        date {
            match => [ "timestamp", "dd/MMM/YYYY:HH:mm:ss Z" ]
        }
    }
}

output {
    if[type] =~ "NginxAccess" {
        elasticsearch {
            hosts => "127.0.0.1:9200"
            manage_template => false
            index => "%{[@metadata][beat]}-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
            document_type => "%{[@metadata][type]}"
        }
    }
}

[[email protected] ~]# service logstash restart

回到 kibana 界面，使用 index 名称为：
filebeat-*
来获取数据。

结果：符合预期。



3、场景2：N个域名分开收集
目的：将 www.test.com 和 www.work.com 的 access 日志收集起来分开展示
【客户端】
输入：filebeat
输出：logstash

[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml |grep -Ev ‘^(#|  #|    #|      #|        #|$)‘
filebeat:
  prospectors:
    -
      paths:
        - /var/log/nginx/access_www.test.com*.log
      input_type: log
      document_type: NginxAccess-www.test.com
    -
      paths:
        - /var/log/nginx/access_www.work.com*.log
      input_type: log
      document_type: NginxAccess-www.work.com
  registry_file: /var/lib/filebeat/registry
output:
  logstash:
    hosts: ["10.50.200.220:5044"]
shipper:
logging:
  files:
    rotateeverybytes: 10485760 # = 10MB

[[email protected] ~]# service filebeat restart


【服务端】
输入：logstash
输出：elasticsearch

配置自定义的 pattern
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /etc/logstash/patterns.d
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/logstash/patterns.d/extra_patterns
NGINXACCESS %{IPORHOST:clientip} \[%{HTTPDATE:timestamp}\] "%{WORD:verb} %{URIPATHPARAM:request} HTTP/%{NUMBER:httpversion}" (?:%{QS:content_type}|-) (?:%{QS:request_body}|-) (?:"(?:%{URI:referrer}|-)"|%{QS:referrer}) %{NUMBER:response} %{BASE16FLOAT:request_time} (?:%{NUMBER:bytes}|-)

调整 logstash 的配置，启用 filebeat 插件。
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/filebeat.conf
input {
    beats {
        port => "5044"
    }
}

filter {
    if[type] =~ "NginxAccess-" {
        grok {
            patterns_dir => ["/etc/logstash/patterns.d"]
            match => {
                "message" => "%{NGINXACCESS}"
            }
        }
        date {
            match => [ "timestamp", "dd/MMM/YYYY:HH:mm:ss Z" ]
        }
    }
}

output {
    if[type] == "NginxAccess-www.test.com" {
        elasticsearch {
            hosts => "127.0.0.1:9200"
            manage_template => false
            index => "%{[@metadata][beat]}-nginxaccess-www.test.com-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
            document_type => "%{[@metadata][type]}"
        }
    } else if[type] == "NginxAccess-www.work.com" {
        elasticsearch {
            hosts => "127.0.0.1:9200"
            manage_template => false
            index => "%{[@metadata][beat]}-nginxaccess-www.work.com-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
            document_type => "%{[@metadata][type]}"
        }
    }
}

[[email protected] ~]# service logstash restart

回到 kibana 界面，使用 index 名称为：
nginxaccess-www.test.com-*
nginxaccess-www.work.com-*
来获取数据。

结果：符合预期。



三、小结FAQ
1、数据流向
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|---------client-------|----------server------------------------|
log_files ->  filebeat ->  logstash ->  elasticsearch ->  kibana
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------


2、关于模版
1）关闭logstash自动管理模板功能
manage_template => false

2）手动导入模版
[[email protected] ~]# curl -XPUT ‘http://localhost:9200/_template/filebeat‘ [email protected]/etc/filebeat/filebeat.template.json

3）删除模版
[[email protected] ~]# curl -XDELETE ‘http://localhost:9200/filebeat-*‘



ZYXW、参考
1、官网
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/beats/filebeat/current/config-filebeat-logstash.html
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/beats/libbeat/1.3/logstash-installation.html#logstash-setup
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/beats/libbeat/1.3/setup-repositories.html
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/beats/filebeat/current/filebeat-template.html#load-template-shell